This thesis presents new theories and creative techniques for exploring ‘designing for home happiness'. Set in the context of a primarily unsustainable and unhappy world, home is understood as a facilitator of current lifestyle practices that could also support long-term happiness activities, shown to promote more sustainable behaviour. It has yet to be examined extensively from a happiness perspective and many homes lack opportunities for meaningful endeavours. Service Design, an approach that supports positive interactions, shows potential in facilitating ‘designing for home happiness' but its tools are generally employed for visualising new systems/services or issues within existing ones instead of exploring related subjectivity. Art therapy techniques, historically used for expressing felt experiences, present applicable methods for investigating such subjective moments and shaping design opportunities for home happiness but have yet to be trialled in a design research context. This thesis therefore explores how Art Therapy and Service Design can be used successfully for ‘designing for home happiness'. A first study proposes photo elicitation as a creative method to explore, with participants from UK family households, several significant home happiness needs. Subsequently, art therapy techniques are proposed in Study 2 through two bespoke Happy-Home Workshops. This gives way to the Home Happiness Theory and Designing for Home Happiness Theory, which enable designers to design for home happiness. The Designing for Home Happiness Framework emerges from these studies proposing a new design creative method delivered through a workshop with specialised design tools and accompanying process for creating home happiness designs (i.e. services, product-service-systems). Through two Main Studies the framework is tested and validated with design experts in two different contexts, Loughborough (UK) and Limerick (Ireland), confirming its suitability and transferability in ‘designing for home happiness'. Resulting concepts support collective home happiness and social innovations by facilitating appropriate social contexts for their development. Overall, this research is the first to combine art therapy techniques with service design methods, offering original theories and approaches for ‘designing for home happiness' within Service Design and for social innovation. Collectively, this research delivers new creative methods for service designers, social innovators and designers more generally to investigate and support happier experiences within and outside the home for a more sustainable future.

This research situates itself in the study of stigma in mental illness. In particular, the aim is to explore the potential that art making and exhibiting has in reducing stigma for those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The research explores one aspect (the exhibition stage) of an "art as therapy" project. The exhibiting of one’s artwork aims to counter limiting "patient" identities by allowing those labelled as psychiatric patients to extend their self-identity to an alternative identity of the "artist". However, this idea only stands strong if the artwork created is not discriminated against as "naïve art" and is accepted or at least considered for acceptance as legitimate nonprofessional artwork. This research explores the ways in which art created by inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is received by the general art-viewing public at the National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, South Africa. The study uses a discourse analytic framework to analyse the interviews of members of the public who attended the art exhibition of patient artwork. It will examine the ways in which the public construct the artworks and how they position the makers of this art across a continuum, from patient to artist. The results of this thesis have implications for rehabilitation practices for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia particularly with regard to opportunities to "perform" alternative identities in public spaces.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T14:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3584860 bytes, checksum: 130e178a8dda1c8ba3db638cc6610df6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T14:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3584860 bytes, checksum: 130e178a8dda1c8ba3db638cc6610df6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / This article aims to comprehend the importance of the spirituality on the Art Therapy practice under the Jungian perspective. With the analytical Jungian Psychology as the central theoretical foundation, this present research, which happened from June to September, 2014 shows an experience report involving spirituality and belly dance with the art-therapeutic process. Ten women took part of this research, all of them users of the “Centro de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde – Equilíbrio do Ser”, based in João Pessoa – PB, with ages between 37 and 62 years old. Following the methodology for group work in Art Therapy, the belly dance was used as was that enabled the creative process release, facilitating the internal content expression. Supported by the Oral History methodology, the study tried to register the importance of this process into distinct aspects of the collaborative lives, through interviews and special notes. The findings analysis helped to understand the importance of this art-therapeutic work, where the awakening value to the spirituality dimension, the self-knowledge search, the feminine rediscovery and the pleasure of dancing, the self-care and the other´s care were highlighted, improving the participants health and life quality. The results have also showed the spirituality as an important element to the art-therapeutic process, enlarging the therapeutic modality range and enriching the benefits reached, creating, then, new perspectives towards the existential chalenges. / Esta disertación tiene como objetivo principal la comprensión de la relevancia de la espiritualidad en la práctica del Arteterapia Junguiana. Basada en la psicología analítica junguiana como la fundamentación teórica central, esta investigación, realizada en el período de Junio a Septiembre de 2014, presenta un relato de experiencia que une espiritualidad y danza del vientre en el proceso arte terapéutico. Participan de esa investigación diez mujeres usuarias del Centro de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (CPICS) – Equilíbrio do Ser, en João Pessoa – PB, con edades entre 37 y 62 años. Siguiendo la metodología para trabajos en grupo de Arteterapia, la danza del vientre fue utilizada como recurso que posibilitó la liberación del proceso creativo, facilitando la expresión de contenidos internos. Este estudio, apoyado en la metodología de la Historia Oral, buscó también en entrevistas y estudio de campo registrar relatos sobre la importancia de este proceso para distintos aspectos de la vida de las colaboradoras. El análisis de los datos permitió comprender la importancia de este trabajo arte terapéutico, donde fue destacado el valor de lo despertar para la dimensión de la espiritualidad, de la busca del autoconocimiento, de la redescubierta del femenino, del placer de bailar, del cuidar de si y del otro, mejorando la salud y la cualidad de vida de las participantes. Los resultados de esa investigación mostraron la espiritualidad como un importante componente para el proceso arte terapéutico, ampliando el alcance de esa modalidad terapéutica y enriqueciendo los beneficios alcanzados, creando, por fin, nuevas perspectivas frente a los desafíos de la existencia. / Esta dissertação traz como objetivo principal a compreensão da relevância da espiritualidade na prática da Arteterapia de abordagem junguiana. Tendo a psicologia analítica junguiana como fundamentação teórica central, esta pesquisa, realizada no período de Junho a Setembro de 2014, apresenta um relato de experiência que envolve espiritualidade e dança do ventre no processo arteterapêutico. Participaram desta pesquisa dez mulheres usuárias do Centro de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde – Equilíbrio do Ser, em João Pessoa – PB, com faixa etária entre 37 e 62 anos de idade. Seguindo a metodologia para trabalhos em grupo de Arteterapia, a dança do ventre foi utilizada como recurso que possibilitou o desbloqueio do processo criativo, facilitando a expressão dos conteúdos internos. Este estudo, apoiado na metodologia da História Oral, buscou em entrevistas e caderno de campo registrar relatos sobre a importância deste processo para distintos aspectos das vidas das colaboras. A análise dos dados permitiu compreender a importância deste trabalho arteterapêutico, onde foi ressaltado o valor do despertar para a dimensão da espiritualidade, da busca do autoconhecimento, da redescoberta do feminino, do prazer de dançar, do cuidar de si e do outro, melhorando a saúde e a qualidade de vida das participantes. Os resultados dessa pesquisa apresentaram ainda a espiritualidade como um importante elemento para o processo arteterapêutico, ampliando a abrangência dessa modalidade terapêutica e enriquecendo os benefícios alcançados, criando, enfim, novas perspectivas diante dos desafios da existência.

As the fundamental motif of my thesis I selected topic ``Symptoms of psychical deprivation of children with a combined somatic handicap and its reflection in artistic expression{\crqq}. I selected this topic on purpose since I was very interested whether physically handicapped children who spend most of their life behind the walls of an asylum with similarly affected individuals show any mental deprivation and whether it influences their drawing. The main objective of the thesis was to ascertain whether children suffering from a physical handicap experience mental deprivation, immediately connected with their primary handicap and the life behind the walls of an asylum among similarly handicapped individuals. I believe that this issue has not been examined thoroughly yet. In the introductory part of the thesis I described the issue of mental deprivation and physical handicaps and outlined art therapy techniques in several chapters. In the practical part I pursued the objective of the research, i.e. analysis of drawings and collages and the manner how mental deprivation is reflected in the artistic works. I analysed particularly three kinds of basic drawing tests: Figure Test, Baum Test (tree test) and House Test. Some children also made drawings and collages on topics: I and My World{\crqq}, ``Snow White and Seven Dwarfs{\crqq} and ``Sleeping Beauty{\crqq}. I evaluated the works according to the Blatruschov{\crq}s and Ogdonov{\crq}s Figure Test and classic Koch{\crq}s Baum Test. Considering the character of the research objective and the nature of the available data, I decided for a qualitative methodological approach, using the following information collection techniques: analysis of personal documents (artistic works of physically handicapped children) documented by elaborated case studies. The diploma thesis may be utilized by art therapists, special pedagogues, psychologists and also students of special pedagogy and other health-social branches.

The presented diploma thesis focuses on the definition of the terms of Art Therapy and Artphiletics. The history of these subjects describes the different approaches within these fields via several charts. The fundamental area of the thesis is the creativity and the process of creation, which are considered to be a concurrent realm of Art Therapy and Artphiletics. The thesis presents the primary reasons for the use of Art Therapy and Artphiletics in leisure time activities by specifying the positive effects of the creativity and the process of creation. The aim of the thesis is to map the importance of the process of creation, which is the "core" of Art Therapy and Artphiletics and due to it, draws the attention to the legitimacy of the use of these subjects within the realm of art-related leisure time activities.

A Psicanálise Winnicottiana baseia-se na crença de que o viver criativo está ligado à saúde. Winnicott propôs as Consultas Terapêuticas, quando a psicoterapia não era possível e a pessoa poderia ser ajudada com poucos encontros. Criou o Jogo do Rabisco, no qual o contato entre terapeuta e paciente ocorre por meio de desenhos. Entende-se que a soma destas características permite uma articulação desta teoria à prática da Arteterapia, intervenção terapêutica que oferece recursos artísticos para facilitar expressão e comunicação. Objetivou-se com esta investigação, construir uma proposta de intervenção com famílias, em uma prática da Artepsicoterapia pautada na Psicanálise Winnicottiana, para aplicação no contexto institucional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa em Psicologia Clínica, por meio da qual foram atendidas 10 famílias clientes de uma instituição de atenção à violência familiar. O processo psicoterapêutico familiar foi empreendido com a oferta de recursos artísticos disponíveis em uma caixa artística composta por diferentes materiais expressivos e presente nas sessões. Escolheu-se três famílias para aprofundamento da compreensão do processo, com foco na importância dos encontros iniciais na construção do processo terapêutico familiar, no emprego da Arteterapia como facilitadora da comunicação de pensamentos e sentimentos no setting e nos limites e alcances desta forma de terapia. Percebeu-se que as famílias tiveram dificuldades em aderir à intervenção, com interrupções precoces dos atendimentos. Entende-se que este abandono pode ter ocorrido devido à proposta de reflexão sobre as vivências da família, às dores resultantes da violência e pelo questionamento acerca dos papéis que cada pessoa ocupa na família. O uso dos materiais artísticos facilitou e enriqueceu as contribuições das crianças e adolescentes. Complementou também a compreensão dos adultos, com suas escassas, mas reveladoras produções, além de ampliar o entendimento da dinâmica familiar. Apesar das dificuldades encontradas, relacionadas especialmente com o foco na família como o paciente da sessão, na atenção psicológica em instituições para casos de violência familiar, considera-se que observar a família como o paciente é necessário. Por fim, assinalase que a Arteterapia pôde ser uma facilitadora do processo psicoterapêutico das famílias, pois minimiza resistências e amplia o entendimento do grupo, com maiores ganhos proporcionados pela intervenção. / The Winnicotts Psychoanalysis is based on the belief that the creative life is related to health. Winnicott has proposed the Therapeutic Consultations, when the psychotherapy was not possible and the person could be helped with just a few meetings. He has created the Squiggle Game, in which the contact between therapist and patient occurs through drawings. It is understood that the sum of these features allows an articulation of this theory to the practice of Art Therapy, a therapeutic intervention that offers artistic resources to facilitate expression and communication. It was aimed on this research to build a proposal of intervention with families, in a practice of Art Psychotherapy guided by Winnicotts Psychoanalysis, applied to an institutional context. This is a qualitative research in Clinical Psychology, through which 10 families were attended, clients of an institution of attention of family violence cases.. The family psychotherapeutic process was undertaken with the provision of artistic resources available in an \"art box\" consisted of different expressive materials and available in the consultations. It was chose three families to deepen the understanding of the process, focusing on the importance of the initial meetings in the construction of the family therapeutic process, with the use of Art Therapy as a facilitator of communication of thoughts and feelings and on the limits and scope of this form of therapy. It was noticed that families had difficulties to join the intervention, with early discontinuation of care. It is understood that this interruption may have occurred due to the proposal to reflect on family experiences, the pain resulted from the violence and the questions about the roles that each person occupies in the family. The use of artistic materials facilitated and enriched the contributions of children and adolescents. It also supplemented the understanding of adults, with its rare but revealing productions, in addition to improve the understanding of family dynamics. Despite the difficulties encountered, particularly related with the focus on the family as the sessions patient, in psychological care in institutions for family violence cases, it is considered that observing the family as the patient is indeed necessary. Finally, it was noted that the Art Therapy could be a facilitator of the psychotherapeutic process with these families, because it minimizes the resistance and increases the understanding of the group, with higher gains provided by the intervention.

A dissertação narra o percurso da pesquisadora em torno do conceito “materialidade”, a fim de discutir e ilustrar uma proposta de abordagem imagético-apresentativa, à luz da psicologia analítica. O conceito é cotejado com termos correlatos utilizados por autores que também se ocuparam do tema, como Gaston Bachelard, Alvaro Gouvêa e outros mais alinhados ao pensamento de D. W. Winnicott. Explora, também, aproximações e distanciamentos semânticos em relação a termos similares, como “matéria” e “matéria-prima”, para especificar o sentido atribuído à materialidade neste trabalho. A discussão avança com a apresentação de alguns conceitos da psicologia analítica, principalmente sobre a consciência e o aspecto dinâmico da psique na concepção de C. G. Jung. Além disso, tece considerações sobre o processo de individuação numa perspectiva alquímica, tomando a materialidade como uma opus cum natura. A seguir, apoiada em conceitos de James Hillman, propõe o resgate da noção de anima mundi e aisthesis para fundamentar o aspecto apresentativo da materialidade numa relação dialética com a consciência. Preocupa-se em questionar a postura interpretativa em relação à materialidade, quando tomada em termos exclusivamente representacionais, e retoma o método proposto por Jung – pautado numa postura fenomenológica frente às imagens psíquicas – para sustentar a abordagem imagético-apresentativa, diferenciando-a das práticas de terapia com arte ou arteterapia, que abordam a materialidade como recurso expressivo. A dissertação também faz uma breve incursão no tema “processo grupal” no campo da psicologia analítica, uma vez que são utilizados relatos de sessões de um grupo terapêutico-vivencial para ilustrar a discussão. Embora não proponha um estudo de caso do grupo, identifica alguns temas que se constelaram no atendimento. Finalmente, aponta transformações observadas simultaneamente no grupo e na identidade da pesquisadora – que culminaram na elaboração de uma nova proposta de abordagem da materialidade no setting individual e/ou grupal, aqui denominada imagético-apresentativa. / This dissertation relates the path followed by the researcher around the notion of “materiality” in order to discuss and illustrate an imagetical-presentative approach in the light of the Analytical Psychology. This notion is compared to correlative terms used by authors that also worried about it, like Gaston Bachelard, Alvaro Gouvêa and others closer to Winnicott´s thoughts. It also explores semantic similarities (approximations) and differences that refer to some similar terms like “material” and “raw-material” in order to specify the meaning attributed to “materiality” in this research. The discussion moves forward to the presentation of some notions in the Analytical Psychology field – mainly about consciousness and the dynamic aspect of the psyche, according to C.G.Jung. Besides, the research makes some considerations about the individuation process under an alchemical perspective, taking “materiality” as an "opus cum natura". Afterwards, supported by James Hillman, it proposes the recuperation of "anima mundi" and "aisthesis" notions in order to sustain the presentative aspect of materiality in a dialectical relation with the consciousness. The research aims at questioning the interpretative posture related to materiality when taken exclusively as representational terms and reviews the method proposed by Jung, under a phenomenological point of view towards the psychic images in order to support the proposal of an imagetical-presentative approach, distinguishing it from the therapy practices with arts or art therapy – that consider materiality as an expressive resource. It also makes an incursion in the topic “group process” in the Analytical Psychology field – as some reports of sessions of an experiential group are used in order to illustrate the discussion. Although it does not propose a case study of the group, this dissertation identifies some topics that were constellated throughout the sessions. Finally, this research points transformations observed simultaneously in the group and in the identity of the researcher that ended up in the elaboration of a new proposal towards materiality in the individual/group setting – that here is called imagetical-presentative.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om och hur bildterapi kan kombineras med familjeterapi samt vad, i så fall, bildterapi kan tillföra. Intervjuer genomfördes med sju psykoterapeuter som kombinerar dessa två terapiformer i arbete med par och familjer. Vid sidan om intervjustudien genomfördes en litteraturstudie för att inventera, för studien, relevant litteratur och forskningsläge. Resultatet av studien visar att bildterapi och familjeterapi kombineras och att bildterapi kan vara ett bra komplement till familjeterapi. Det finns likheter mellan vissa familjeterapeutiska och bildterapeutiska interventioner som gör terapiformerna kompatibla. Övningar som innebär externalisering, gestaltning och omstrukturering är exempel på detta. Bildterapin kan fungera utjämnande mellan vuxna och barn, på så sätt att barn, oftare än vuxna, är vana vid att uttrycka sig i bild och att det verbala övertag de vuxna ofta besitter, vägs upp av barnens rikare tillgång till bildspråk. Bildterapi kan generellt sett hjälpa barn att få sin röst hörd i terapirummet. Bildterapin är till hjälp för synliggörandet av relationella mönster i familjen eller i parrelationen. Såväl psykoterapeut som klienter blir hjälpta av detta. Synliggörandet sker både i bildskapandet och i samtalet om bilden. / The aim of this study was to examine whether and how art therapy is combined with family therapy, as well as what art therapy in such cases can bring. Seven psychotherapists combining these two therapies in their work with couples and families, was interviewed. In addition to the interview study, a literature review was carried out for inventory of relevant literature and research. Results of the study shows that art therapy and family therapy are combined, and that art therapy can be a good complement to family therapy. There are similarities between some family therapy and art therapy interventions that make the therapy forms compatible. Interventions that involve externalization, sculpting and restructuring are examples of this. Art therapy can work balancing between adults and children, as children, more often than adults are accustomed to express themselves in artmaking, and that the verbal advantage of the adults can be balanced by children´s richer access to imagery. Art therapy can generally help children to get their voice heard in the therapy room. Art therapy is helpful for visualization of relational patterns in the family or couple relation. Both psychotherapist and clients are helped by this. The visualization occurs both in image making and in the talk about the picture.

Notre sujet repose sur l'hypothèse qu'il existe un "appareil esthétique" présent en chacun de nous, constitué de trois états de présence (physique, psychique et artistique) soulignant la spécificité de la qualité de présence dans la relation art-thérapeutique. L'émotion esthétique en est le centre. Notre méthodologie se construit d’une démarche centrale : terrain de recherche auprès de trois personnes adultes avec autisme sévère. Nous utilisons la vidéo comme outil d'observation pour visualiser le subtil et l'inénarrable dans la relation avec ces personnes. La deuxième démarche : entretiens de recherche auprès de 25 patients psychotiques et 25 professionnels (artistes, art-thérapeutes, soignants, éducateurs) qui ont tous participé ou animé dans des ateliers d'art et thérapie. Notre souci est de partir de la parole des personnes concernées pour faire lien avec l'expérimentation vécue sur le terrain de recherche. Nous utilisons un logiciel d'analyse du discours pour en faire une analyse ciblée sur notre hypothèse. Tout notre questionnement repose sur la question de la présence, présence à soi, présence à l'autre par le détour de l'art. Nous abordons les grands courants théoriques autour de la question de la présence thérapeutique, pour poser notre démarche dans une approche intégrative. / Our subject is based on the hypothesis that there exists an "aesthetic device" present in each of us, consisting of three states of presence (physical, psychic and artistic) emphasizing the specificity of the quality of presence in the art-therapeutic relationship. Aesthetic emotion is the center of it. Our methodology is based on a central approach: a field of research involving three adults with severe autism. We use video as an observation tool to visualize the subtle and the inenarrable in the relationship with these people. The second approach: research interviews with 25 psychotic patients and 25 professionals (artists, art therapists, caregivers, educators) who all participated or facilitated in art and therapy workshops. Our concern is to start from the speech of the people concerned to link with the experimentation lived on the research ground. We use discourse analysis software to make an analysis focused on our hypothesis. All our questioning rests on the question of presence, presence to oneself, presence to the other by the detour of art. We approach the main theoretical currents around the question of the therapeutic presence, to pose our approach in an integrative approach.

Inledning: Bildterapi/bildpsykoterapi är en metod där bildskapande används i terapeutiskt syfte. Bildterapi som metod återfinns inom olika psykoterapeutiska riktningar men den psykodynamiska teorigrunden är vanligast förekommande. På senare år har flera översiktstudier och RCT-studier om bildterapi som behandlingsmetod publicerats. Studier där klienter har kommit till tals och delat sina erfarenheter av metoden är än så länge mindre vanligt förekommande. Således är syftet med föreliggande studie att undersöka klienters subjektiva upplevelse av bildterapi inom en psykodynamisk terapi. Frågeställningar: Hur upplever klienter bildterapi inom en psykodynamisk terapi? Hur upplever klienter att bildterapi påverkar relationen till terapeuten? Hur upplever klienter att bildterapi påverkar förståelsen av sig själv? Metod: Studien baseras på intervjuer från fem kvinnor mellan 36 och 63 år som deltagit i bildterapi inom en psykodynamisk terapi. Intervjudata analyserades med hjälp av tolkande fenomenologisk analys. Resultat: Den terapeutiska alliansens hade stor betydelse och berodde enligt deltagarna främst på terapeutens professionalism och förmåga att skapa trygghet. Bildterapin upplevdes också som en metod som underlättade att uttrycka, bli medveten om och hantera känslor och som en metod som hjälpte deltagaren att släppa kontroll och komma förbi försvar. Att bilden synliggjorde både medvetna och omedvetna känslor och tankar på ett konkret sätt betonades av deltagarna. Slutligen visade resultatet att deltagarna upplevde att de fått en ökad självförståelse och förändrad självbild. Alla deltagarna i studien betonade dock det omöjliga med att i ord uttrycka allt det som bilderna kunde förmedla. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades bland annat utifrån andra terapiformer där stor vikt läggs vid att medvetandegöra, uttrycka och hantera känslor. Den terapeutiska relationen ansågs ha avgörande betydelse men tycktes inte i första hand vara ett resultat av bildterapimetoden. Att bilderna sparades och fanns tillgängliga för att senare kunna betraktas och samtalas om gjorde enligt deltagarna att den egna förändringsprocessen blev tydlig på ett konkret sätt. Slutligen diskuterades vikten av att klienters subjektiva upplevelser ges utrymme i forskningen. / Introduction: Art therapy/Art psychotherapy is a method in which image creation is used for therapeutic purposes. Art therapy as a method is found in different psychotherapeutic orientations, but the psychodynamic theory is most common. In recent years, several overview studies and RCT studies on Art Therapy as a treatment method have been published. Studies where clients have come to terms and shared their experience of the method are so far less widespread. This study aims to investigate clients' subjective experience of Art Therapy in psychodynamic therapy. Issues: How does the client experience Art Therapy in a psychodynamic therapy? How does the client experience the impact of Art Therapy on the relationship with the therapist? How does the client experience that Art Therapy affects the understanding of him or herself? Method: The study is based on interviews from five women between 36 and 63 years of age who participated in Art Therapy in psychodynamic therapy. Interview data were analyzed using Interpreting Phenomenological Analysis. Result: Therapeutic alliance proved to be of great importance and, according to the participants, was mainly due to the therapist's professionalism and ability to create security. Art Therapy was further perceived as a method that facilitated expressing, becoming aware and managing emotions and a method that helped the participant to let go of control and lessen the defence. The participants emphasized the fact that the image revealed both conscious and unconscious feelings and thoughts in a concrete way. Finally, the results showed that the participants’ expressed that they had gained self-understanding and changed their self-image. All the participants in the study emphasized the impossibility that in words to express everything that the images could reveal. Discussion: The outcome was discussed, inter alia, from other therapies where great emphasis is placed on consciousness, expressing and managing emotions. The therapeutic relationship was considered to be crucial but did not appear to be primarily a result of the Art Therapy method. The fact that the images were saved and were available for later consideration and discussion was, according to the participants, that their own change process became apparent in a visible way. Finally, the importance of giving space in research for clients’ subjective experience was discussed.