No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-225).

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επικεντρώνεται στη διερεύνηση της επικινδυνότητας του αμιάντου. Για αυτόν, το λόγο πραγματοποιήθηκε μελέτη για τυχόν ύπαρξη ινών αμιάντου τόσο σε δείγματα πετρωμάτων που προέρχονται από το οφιολιθικό σύμπλεγμα του Γοματίου (Aνατολική Χαλκιδική) όσο και σε δείγματα αέρος που προέρχονται από την ευρύτερη περιοχή του Δρέπανου Αχαΐας καθώς παλαιότερα σε αυτήν την περιοχή δραστηριοποιούταν το εργοστάσιο παραγωγής αμιαντοτσιμέντου Ινοτσιμέντ Α.Ε. Αρχικά, γίνεται αναφορά στα ορυκτά του αμιάντου, στις φυσικοχημικές ιδιότητες αυτών, στις διαφορές ανάμεσα στα δύο είδη αμιάντου και στις χρήσεις αυτών. Στη συνέχεια πραγματοποιείται περιγραφή των επιπτώσεων του αμιάντου στην υγεία και παρατίθενται μία σειρά από ασθένειες οι οποίες είναι επικίνδυνες εως και θανατηφόρες για τον άνθρωπο. Έπειτα, γίνεται έκθεση κάποιων βασικών άρθρων της κείμενης ελληνικής νομοθεσίας που αφορά τον αμίαντο. Συγκεκριμένα, αναφέρονται άρθρα τα οποία πραγματεύονται: την προστασία των εργαζομένων, τις γενικές υποχρεώσεις των εργοδοτών, τις μετρήσεις και τον έλεγχο του περιβάλλοντος χώρου εργασίας, την προστασία του καταναλωτικού κοινού κ.α. Για την αξιολόγηση της ύπαρξης ινών αμιάντου από πετρώματα του οφιολιθικού συμπλέγματος του Γοματίου, πραγματοποιήθηκε μία σειρά από εργαστηριακές μελέτες οι οποίες είχαν ως στόχο τον προσδιορισμό του είδους του αμιάντου που ανιχνεύτηκε καθώς και το ποσοστό αυτού στα συγκεκριμένα πετρώματα. Αναλυτικότερα, έγινε πετρογραφική μελέτη σε οκτώ δείγματα σερπεντινιτών τα οποία αναλύθηκαν μακροσκοπικά και μικροσκοπικά (με τη χρήση πολωτικού μικροσκοπίου). Στη συνέχεια , πραγματοποιήθηκε ακτινολογική μελέτη των δειγμάτων με τη χρήση της περιθλασιμετρίας ακτίνων Χ και τον προσδιορισμό των ορυκτών με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού προγράμματος ΕVA. Τέλος, με τη χρήση της ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας και του ανεξάρτητου λογισμικού πακέτου Sigma Scan προσδιορίστηκε το ποσοστό των ινών αμιάντου. Για την αξιολόγηση της ύπαρξης ινών αμιάντου στο Δρέπανο Αχαΐας, πραγματοποιήθηκε υπαίθρια διερεύνηση της περιοχής και συλλογή δειγμάτων με τη χρήση αντλίας δειγματοληψίας αέρα. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιήθηκε διαφανοποίηση των δειγμάτων με τη μέθοδο ακετόνης-TRIACETIN και ύστερα έλαβε χώρα εξέταση των δειγμάτων αυτών με μικροσκόπιο αντίθετης πόλωσης (PCM) με σκοπό να υπολογιστεί η συγκέντρωση των ινών αμιάντου στον αέρα. / This thesis focuses on investigating the risk of asbestos. For that reason took place a research to detect any asbestos fibers in rock samples from the ophiolite complex of Gomati (Eastern Chalkidiki) and in air samples from the region of Achaia Drepano as previously in this region based the factory <<Ινοτσιμέντ Α.Ε.>>.

Orientador : Manildo Favero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T08:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_JoseLuizRiani_M.pdf: 1883056 bytes, checksum: da51a052c83b51b1e1b6abcf60924cd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983 / Resumo: Após sintetizar a evolução histórica dos conhecimentos sobre as doenças relacionadas ao asbesto e analisar a literatura medi brasileira com respeito à asbestose, são apresentadas informações clínicas sobre as doenças relacionadas ao asbesto, em especial asbestose. E, então, caracterizado o asbesto, apresentados seus principais usos e detalhado o caso particular do Brasil, coro a descrição das principais fontes de exposição ao asbesto, incluindo a estimativa de pessoas expostas nos diversos ramos de atividade. Depois de justificar a realização de tal estudo, o Autor propõe a procurar casos de asbestose entre os pacientes com "pneumatias crônicas" do Arquivo de Perícias Médicas da Agência local do INPS no município de Leme, e, desta forma, contribuir para a ampliação da casuística brasileira de asbestose pulmonar. Foram examinadas 86 pessoas| tendo sido encontrados 14 casos de asbestose (16,3%) que foram analisados segundo a idade, o hábito de fumar, a ocupação e o tempo de exposição. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a asbestose deve ser muito mais freqüente que o conhecido até este momento e que estudos semelhantes a este, alem de outros distintos, podem ser realizados em diferentes localidades a fim de melhor dimensionarmos o problema das doenças relacionadas ao asbesto, em nosso meio. / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Abstract Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important intracellular antioxidant enzyme, which has been suggested to play a role in tumour biology. In the present study, the expression and possible role of MnSOD in malignant pleural mesothelioma was investigated. Mesothelial cells in healthy visceral pleural tissue showed no MnSOD immunoreactivity in five out of six cases, whereas moderate or high immunoreactivity for MnSOD was detected in 30 out of 42 (71%) cases of mesothelioma. Only two of the 21 cases with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pleura showed moderate MnSOD immunoreactivity, the remaining 19 (90.5%) showing negative or weak reactivity (p &lt; 0.001, by Fisher's exact test compared to mesothelioma). The immunostaining of catalase, a hydrogen peroxide scavenging antioxidant enzyme, was detectable in 27 of the 35 (77%) mesothelioma cases studied, whereas all the five samples of healthy pleural mesothelium were negative. Reactive mesothelium showed positive immunoreactivity for MnSOD and catalase, suggesting that induction of these enzymes is not specific for mesothelioma. Two continuous human mesothelioma cell lines showed higher MnSOD activity, immunoreactive protein and mRNA levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. In addition, mesothelioma cells expressing the highest MnSOD levels had the highest levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. The mitochondria of these cells expressed higher MnSOD and lower superoxide levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. The mesothelioma cells with the highest antioxidant enzyme levels were most resistant to oxidant- and drug-induced injury and to drug-induced apoptosis compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells with lower MnSOD and catalase levels. The extent of cell proliferation and apoptosis of mesothelioma tissue were 14.1±13.2% and 1.1±1.2%, respectively. MnSOD expression was inversely associated with cell proliferation (p = 0.02 by t-test), and a tendency for a better prognosis among patients with moderate or strong MnSOD expression was demonstrated. Patients displaying a tumour with enhanced proliferation or apoptosis had a poorer prognosis (p &lt; 0.001 by Log Rank test). In conclusion, the MnSOD level is usually high in pleural mesothelioma, which may affect the proliferation and drug-resistance of mesothelioma cells. MnSOD immunostaining can thus possibly be used to distinguish mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma but not from reactive mesothelium.

Clinton Creek asbestos deposit is situated at 77 kilometres northwest of Dawson City on Clinton Creek in Yukon Territory. Yukon Metamorphic Complex of Ordovician to Devonian age (470 Ma, Rb-Sr date) covers most of the Clinton Creek area. The most prominent metamorphism of the area occurred in Permian time (245 to 278 Ma, K-Ar dates). Based on intensity and style of deformation of ultramafic bodies and country rocks it is suggested that the ultramafic rocks were emplaced probably during the Permian period. Tintina fault is a weak zone along which the alpine ultramafic bodies of Clinton Creek and probably some of the others along and close to the Tintina Trench were tectonically emplaced. These were later folded and metamorphosed with the country rocks. During latest Cretaceous-earliest Tertiary time (64.9 Ma, K-Ar date) the area was intruded by acid intrusive rocks. The youngest undeformed and fresh basalt is probably of Selkirk volcanics equivalent. Three prominent phases of deformation were delineated. Probably the oldest and most complex phase occurred during the Permian, along with the initial movement of the Tintina fault. Small, tight, isoclinal folds are characteristics of this phase. The structural trend (300* to 315') is roughly parallel to the direction of the Tintina Trench. Due to later deformations changes in direction of fold axes of this phase (190* to 350") is common. The second phase of deformation gave rise to large recumbent folds with trends varying from 270" to 290' with southerly vergence. Third phase of deformation gave rise to antiform structure of regional scale. The Porcupine and Snow Shoe ultramafic bodies are mined for chrysotiile asbestos. A few other ultramafic bodies contain appreciable amount of chrysotile-fibre but not of adequate quantity to be mined. Most of the ultramafic bodies are sheared or massive, and are devoid of known chrysotile-fibre. In general, if serpentinization is less than 75 percent there is no chance of commercial mineralization. Fairly intense fractures are essential to provider adequate openings for chrysotile-fibre formation in ore grade concentrations. Chrysotile-fibre bearing serpentinized ultramafic masses within argillite unit or at the contact of argillite and other units seem to carry ore grade or substantial amount of chrysotile-fibre. Evidence of Clinton Creek asbestos deposit mainly supports formation of chrysotile-fibre as fracture filling. Although evidence of fracture filling rather than replacement seems convincing and exists on a wide scale, a few evidence indicates replacement characteristics on minor scale. The main phase of mineralization is believed to occur at the end of Cretaceous when acid intrusive rocks intruded the vicinity of the Clinton Creek area. These intrusions could have provided warm aqueous solution to react with the existing serpentine along fractures. This resulted deposition of chrysotile-fibre in an essentially closed system. Analysis of isotopic dates of the Yukon Crystalline Plateau shows a distinct grouping of igneous activity at mid Cretaceous and latest Cretaceous time. Some isotopic dates of igneous and metamorphic rocks ranging from 135 to 230 Ma show a distinct younging trend away from the Tintina Trench. The trend suggests that the date at the Tintina Trench is about 200 Ma, and 2'50 kilometres perpendicular distance from the trench is 150 Ma. The apparent horizontal rate of isotherm migration is about 0.5 cm/yr. However, more data is required to confirm the speculation that the Tintina Trench represents an extinct geosuture and vanished ocean. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

In South Africa, there is an increasing interest in installing rooftop mounted solar photovoltaic systems. However, financing the photovoltaic systems causes most interest to be abandoned, largely due to the cost required to replace a building's asbestos roof. An alternative solution to replacing an asbestos roof is to install a ground-mounted photovoltaic system, which is more costly compared to a rooftop mounted system. This study aims to determine if a ground-mounted or a rooftop mounted solar photovoltaic system is the most financially feasible solar photovoltaic configuration. In this study three photovoltaic systems were analysed, all of which are installed in Atlantis, Western Cape (WC). Since all three systems are in the same area, they are all exposed to the same metrological conditions, allowing for identical energy generation potential. Two of the photovoltaic systems are ground-mounted systems located respectfully at the South African Renewable Energy Incubator (SAREBI) and at Stripform Packaging. The third system is a rooftop mounted system located at SA Tyre Recyclers. The photovoltaic system at SAREBI is a 9.75 kWp system consisting of 30 Canadian Solar CS6U-325P modules, one Schneider Electric 20 kW inverter, a tilt angle of 15° and an azimuth angle of -19°. The photovoltaic system at SA Tyre Recyclers is a 231 kWp system consisting of 700 JA Solar JAP72S-01-330-SC modules, 7 SolarEdge 27.6 kW inverters, a tilt angle of 13° and an azimuth angle of 22°. The photovoltaic system at Stripform Packaging is a 20.1 kWp system consisting of 60 Canadian Solar CS6U-335P modules, one SMA 20 kW inverter, a tilt angle of 15° and an azimuth angle of 46°. To achieve the aim of this study, the performance of each of the solar photovoltaic systems was examined, by comparing their annual specific yield. After which the technical aspects and differences of each of the photovoltaic systems were explored, to illustrate how each of the systems differ technically and how each system can be improved. Finally, the comparative cost of each of the solar photovoltaic systems was examined by analysing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the payback period for each of the photovoltaic systems. The results demonstrated that from an annual specific yield perspective, the ground-mounted configuration was the best performing, whilst from a financial perspective, the rooftop mounted configuration had the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and payback period. However, installing a ground-mounted system is more financially feasible than replacing an asbestos roof and then installing a rooftop mounted system. In conclusion, by fully understanding the performance, payback period and levelized cost of energy, a clear understanding of potential risk can be determined, thus making the installation of photovoltaic systems more appealing for financiers. It is recommended that this study be repeated in a manner in which each of the photovoltaic system configurations are constructed consisting of all the same photovoltaic components, measuring equipment, tilt and azimuth angles. All of which would result in two identical photovoltaic systems where one is installed on a rooftop and the other installed on the ground. Once the two photovoltaic system configurations are equal in all aspects, an accurate comparison to determine which configuration is the most optimal performer and which is the most financially viable will be possible.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to point out possible legislative differences between the Czech and Slovak Republics and to provide examples of asbestos disposal prices. The theoretical part briefly summarizes the waste, it is legislation and the share of construction waste. The chapter entitled Asbestos provides a brief overview of the history, mining and diseases caused by asbestos. In the practical part I devote with the legislative methodology of asbestos disposal according to the Czech Republic. Based on the relevant laws in the states, I subsequently evaluated the differences between the countries. I also devote with the procedure of disposal of sewer pipes and roofs, for which I subsequently created a budget with reference to the price of asbestos disposal.

No description available.

No description available.