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Corporate governance and earnings management by misclassification : a study of eight East Asian economiesLi, Yuansha 01 January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Travel, Travel Writing and the "Means to Victory" in Modern South AsiaMajchrowicz, Daniel Joseph January 2015 (has links)
This dissertation is a history of the idea of travel in South Asia as it found expression in Urdu travel writing of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Though travel has always been integral to social life in South Asia, it was only during this period that it became an end in itself. The imagined virtues of travel hinged on two emergent beliefs: that travel was a requisite for inner growth, and that travel experience was transferable. Consequently, Urdu travel writers endorsed travel not to reach a particular destination but to engender personal development, social advancement and communal well-being. Authors conveyed the transformative power of travel to their readers through accounts that traced out their inner journeys through narratives of physical travel, an ideal echoed in an old proverb that re-emerged at this time: “travel is the means to victory.”
This study, which draws on extensive archival research from four countries, represents the most comprehensive examination of travel writing in any South Asian language. Through a diachronic analysis of a wealth of new primary sources, it indexes shifting valuations of travel as they relate to conceptualizations of the self, the political and the social. It demonstrates that though the idea of beneficial travel found its first expression in accounts commissioned by a colonial government interested in inculcating modern cosmopolitan aesthetics, it quickly developed a life of its own in the public sphere of print. This dynamic literary space was forged by writers from across the social spectrum who produced a profusion of accounts that drew inspiration from Indic, Islamic and European traditions. In the twentieth century, too, travel writing continued to evolve and expand as it adapted to the shifting dimensions of local nationalisms and successive international conflicts. In independent India and Pakistan, it broke new ground both aesthetically and thematically as it came to terms with the post-colonial geography of South Asia. Yet, throughout this history,Urdu travel writing continued to cultivate the idea that the journey was valuable for its own sake. / Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
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The Grand Old Man: Dadabhai Naoroji and the Evolution of the Demand for Indian Self-GovernmentPatel, Dinyar Phiroze January 2015 (has links)
This dissertation traces the thought and career of Dadabhai Naoroji, arguably the most significant Indian nationalist leader in the pre-Gandhian era. Naoroji (1825-1917) gave the Indian National Congress a tangible political goal in 1906 when he declared its objective to be self-government or swaraj. I identify three distinct phases in the development of his political thought. In the first phase of his career, lasting from the mid-1860s until the mid-1880s, Naoroji posited the “drain of wealth” theory, which argued that British colonialism was dramatically impoverishing India by siphoning off its resources. Naoroji embedded a political corollary into his economic ideas, arguing that empowering Indians through political reform was the only way to stop the drain. As early as 1884, Naoroji declared that the ultimate objective of such reform was Indian self-government. Naoroji contended that the best chance for achieving political reform lay through influencing the British Parliament. In the second stage of his career, beginning in 1886, Naoroji took up this task by contesting a parliamentary seat. He constructed a broad alliance among various progressive British leaders—Irish home rulers, socialists, and women’s rights activists—and relied upon them and Indian allies to win election to the House of Commons in 1892. In Parliament, Naoroji pushed for the implementation of simultaneous civil service examinations, which he envisaged as the first step toward Indian self-government. Naoroji’s time in the Commons, however, was brief and disappointing, and in the third and final phase of his career, beginning in 1895, he radicalized considerably. He propounded his views on Indian poverty with renewed force while strengthening his ties with socialists and anti-imperialists in Britain and abroad. Concluding that imperialism was inherently economically exploitative, Naoroji declared that only swaraj could stop the drain of wealth. / History
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Rebuilding Nara’s Tōdaiji on the Foundations of the Chinese Pure Land: A Campaign for Buddhist Social DevelopmentIngram, Evan January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation considers how Chinese models of Buddhist social organization and Pure Land thought undergirded the Japanese monk Chōgen’s campaign to restore the Great Buddha of Tōdaiji, destroyed in the Gempei civil war at the end of the 12th century. While Chōgen’s activities as chief solicitor of the campaign partially owed to his network of social connections earned through a selective Buddhist education, Chōgen’s three pilgrimages to China were crucial for providing much of the knowledge, methods, and technologies that made possible the largest religious and civil engineering project attempted in Japan to that time.
Though nominally a Buddhist monk, Chōgen embodied the ideal of a polymath. In order to recreate Japan’s foremost Buddhist symbol, he was compelled to assume a wide range of responsibilities: fundraising among aristocrats and warriors; forming a network of lieutenants, donors, and common devotees; managing temple estates that provided revenues; developing transportation infrastructure to carry materials and supplies; casting the Great Buddha statue; overseeing religious rites; and finally, rebuilding Tōdaiji’s halls. These diverse activities required creative forms of religio-social networking and technologies not extant in Japan.
During his travels to the Chinese port city of Ningbo, as well as the religious mountains of Tiantaishan and Ayuwangshan, Chōgen learned of Pure Land halls built by lay confraternities, and adopted them as models for the later sanctuaries he constructed around Japan for proselytization and fundraising purposes. He also borrowed organizational principles from Chinese Pure Land societies from the urban centers of Ningbo and Hangzhou in order to create a massive Pure Land network in his homeland that embraced former militants from the civil war, the imperial family, monastics from a wide range of institutions, and even the common populace – all of whom contributed to the Tōdaiji rebuilding effort.
Ultimately, the fields of religion and technology that Chōgen imported from China not only enabled the reconstruction of Japan’s most important Buddhist temple, but also brought Japan into the fold of an emerging East China Sea religious macroculture of the late 12th and early 13th centuries that expanded with the activities of traders and later Japanese pilgrims who would emulate Chōgen’s voyages. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Irradiated Trajectories: Medical Radiology in Modern JapanLoh, Shi Lin January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation examines the history of modern Japan via a study of rentogen, or X-rays, in medical practice. Conventional milestones in Japan’s encounters with nuclear science all date from 1945: the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that same year, the Bikini Atoll fallout incident in 1954, the construction of nuclear power plants from the late 1950s onwards, and most recently, the Fukushima Daiichi meltdown in 2011. All these events produced hibakusha – the Japanese term for survivors of nuclear-related accidents, or people suffering the effects of exposure to ionising radiation.
In contrast, this project locates the first hibakusha in an earlier period, revealing a history of radiation exposure in Japan before the atomic bombings. It reaches into the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to find Japanese bodies exposed through the development of radiology. In modern Japan, as in Western Europe and America, X-rays constituted the first source of ionizing radiation that produced victims of burns, cancers, and deaths. This study highlights the political, social and cultural impact of modern Western medicine on Japanese society from the Meiji period onwards, showing how electric-powered machines and Western expertise came to define medical practice in the emergent field of radiology. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Republic of Letters, Empire of Textbooks: Globalizing Western Knowledge, 1790-1895Hsiung, Hansun 25 July 2017 (has links)
This dissertation seeks to answer two overarching questions: what was “Western knowledge” in the nineteenth century, and how did it become a global knowledge form? I do so by sketching a transnational history of the networks and practices that moved “Western knowledge” into Japan, the first non-Western country to putatively “modernize,” from the period roughly preceding the Napoleonic Wars until the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. Using archival materials from four countries and in seven languages, I contend the following: 1) that “Western knowledge” globalized primarily through the form of cheap educational print, represented by the modern textbook, rather than through major canonical works; 2) that Japan’s access to and understanding of these textbooks was mediated by multiple sites of print production across South, Southeast, and East Asia; 3) that the constant mediation of these textbooks through circulation transformed “Western knowledge” into something utterly different by the time it reached Japan. The dissertation is thus both a rehabilitation of textbooks as dynamic epistemic tools, and a deconstruction of “Western knowledge” as a series of global movements and transformations in print, thereby transcending any easy binary of knowledge “Eastern” and “Western.” In the process, I intervene in ongoing debates in intellectual history, book history, and the history of science, bringing them together in a reevaluation of the history of modernity at large.
Chapter 1 begins by examining the case of a popular Dutch educational periodical as it traveled from the Netherlands, through colonial Java, and into Japan. I highlight the material transformations undergone by books during the course of their circulation, and demonstrate how the integrity of “Western knowledge” was destabilized by the fragility of the physical artifacts that carried it.
Chapters 2 and 3 then examine the role of Chinese port towns in the circulation of textbooks to Japan. In Chapter 2, I trace the movement of a British textbook for deaf students to Hong Kong then into Nagasaki. The function of textbooks may be to teach, but the globalization of textbooks is often, I argue, a story of how disparate audiences give radically different answers to the question of what content, exactly, is actually being taught. At the same time, as I demonstrate in Chapter 3, there are also cases of unexpected convergence between ideologically opposed actors. Textbooks, for instance, functioned as a site of convergence between Christian missionaries in China, and the nominally anti-Christian shogunate in Japan.
Chapter 4 switches narrative strategies to move away from textbooks themselves, and instead focus on the lives of key actors in the textbook economy. Specifically, I recover two forgotten figures of the early Meiji period instrumental to the history of textbook circulation: John Hartley, a British bookseller in Yokohama, and Jakob Kaderli, an itinerant Swiss adventurer and textbook author in Edo-Tokyo. Finally, Chapter 5 turns to mid- and late Meiji in order to examine why textbooks, despite their importance, vanished from the record of Japanese modernity, leading to the rise of a new paradigm of Western knowledge. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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The Abenomics Difference: Three Arrows of Roosevelt Resolve in JapanChoi, Peter 12 April 2016 (has links)
This study investigates Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s economic policy package, known as “Abenomics.” Abenomics is intended to end two decades of deflation in Japan, based on a Three Arrow approach (monetary policy, fiscal stimulus, and structural reform). This study examines how it is different from past policies and actions, its initial results, and the outlook concerning future results.
In 1990, Japan’s asset bubble burst and the country became mired in two decades of deflation and low GDP growth. This study examines existing analysis and compare past policies to the present. It concludes that although the First Arrow (monetary policy) and Second Arrow (fiscal stimulus) have been able to achieve initial success, Abenomics may struggle to succeed without a firmly executed Third Arrow (structural reform). All three arrows are needed. However, many difficult barriers pose an obstacle for reform. American President Roosevelt also pursued aggressive measures in the 1930’s to take the United States out of the Great Depression. Roosevelt’s resolve was instrumental in his succeed. Japan will need seamless and simultaneous execution of the Three Arrows, along with aggressive Roosevelt Resolve to ensure success in its domain.
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Money, magic and fear : identity and exchange amongst the Orang Suku Laut (sea nomads) and other groups of Riau and Batam, IndonesiaChou, Cynthia January 1994 (has links)
The central focus of my thesis is the symbolism of money and the power it holds in the Riau archipelago and Batam of Indonesia to affect the nature of social relationships. These social relationships in turn affect the different forms of exchange that take place in the archipelago. In particular, I am exploring the meaning and moral implications of monetary and commercial exchanges in contrast to exchanges of other kinds that take place between the Orang Suku Laut and other Malay and non-Malay communities. The Orang Suku Laut are regarded as the Orang asli Melayu (indigenous Malays) of Riau. Yet in the interaction between the Malays and Orang Suku Laut, there exists much fear between them with constant accusations of being poisoned and harmed by one and the other through practices of magic and witchcraft. This stems from the Malays' perception of the Orang Suku Laut as a "dangerous, dirty and unprogressive people. " The Orang Suku Laut are regarded as preferring a life of nomadism, and one without a religious orientation towards Islam, as opposed to a life of sedentism guided by the Islamic religion. This thesis explores how this self and other perceptions which have shaped the image of the Orang Suku Laut, have become enmeshed in the exchange economy of the Orang Suku Laut and the Malays.
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Motivation for domestic tourism : a case study of the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaBogari, Naima Bakor January 2002 (has links)
In Saudi Arabia there is a growing amount of leisure time and a high percentage of disposable income is being spent on various forms of tourism; such trends have increased the number of Saudis travelling to tourist destinations, internationally or domestically. Spending the annual holiday away from Saudi is normal for most Saudi families and it is estimated that the total expenditure on domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia is only 16.7% of total tourism expenditure. International expenditure was estimated (in 1995) to be US$7.6 million US$ and this increased to more than US$ 8.2 million in 1997 which is about 17.3% of total oil revenue estimated in 1998 and nearly 5.6% of the Saudi gross domestic product. Consequently, foreign tourism is a substantial drain on the current account, so the government has been trying to persuade more of its citizens to holiday at home. This situation will require tourism marketer to understand fully the need of tourists. Under increasingly competitive conditions, effective tourism marketing is impossible with out an understanding of tourists' motivation to choose a Saudi travel destination. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the status of domestic tourism motivation. The research took place in Saudi Arabia, concentrating on the motivation 'push' and 'pull' factors of tourist behaviour towards domestic tourism in an Islamic and Arabic culture. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert-scale. Out of 1400 questionnaires distributed, in two tourism cities Jeddah and Abha, 505 usable questionnaires were verified and prepared for the final analysis. In view of the intensive and extensive data and interdependent relationships between variables, the statistical techniques used in this research include reliability analysis, frequencies, cross tabulation, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. The results of the analysis of push motivation indicates nine factors: (Fl) cultural value factor; (F2) utilitarian factor; (F3) knowledge factor; (F4) social factor; (F5) economical factor; (F6) family togetherness factor; (F7) interest factor; (F8) relaxation factor; (F9) convenience of facilities factor. The result of the factor loading for pull motivational items presents nine pull factors: (Fl) safety factor; (F2) activity factor; (F3) beach sports/activities factor; (F4) nature/outdoor factor; (F5) historical/cultural factor; (F6) religious factor; (F7) budget factor; (F8) leisure factor; (F9) upscale factor. This study found that the most important push and pull factors as perceived by Saudi tourists are 'cultural value' and 'religious'. The major findings of the study were that the push factors positively and strongly related to pull factors. Also, the study found that no significant correlation existed between push and pull motivation items and the social demographic variables, educational level, income level and age. The only significant correlation was found between pull motivation items and the gender. In the case of the push factors the test found that there is no significant correlation between push motivation factors and the educational level, with one exception, a significant correlation between social factor and the educational level in Abha. The study found that there are significant correlations between the economical push motivation factor and the income level, while the remaining eight factors are not significantly correlated with the income level in Jeddah. Also, there is a significant correlation between the knowledge factor and the income level in Abha. The results indicate that there is significant correlation between push motivation factors and age as follow: cultural value factor and age in Jeddah, interest factor and age in Abha and social factor and age in Abha. The study found that there is significant correlation between push motivation factors and the gender. A significant correlation is found between the interest factor, social factor and the gender in Jeddah. In addition, a significant correlation is found between the interests, the cultural value, the utilitarian factors and the gender in Abha. Relating to pull factors, the results indicate that there is no significance correlation between pull motivation factors and the educational level with the exception of a significant correlation between the upscale factor and the educational level in Jeddah, and a significant correlation between the activity factor and the educational level in Abha. A significance correlation exists between the upscale factor and the income level in both Jeddah and Abha. There is no significant correlation between pull motivation factors and age in Jeddah. However, there is significant correlation between the activity factor, the beach sports activities factor, the upscale factor and age in Abha. There is no significance correlation between pull motivation factors and gender in Jeddah, except the activity factor. In Abha there is significant correlation between the nature/outdoor factor, the activity factor, the safety factor and gender. The results indicate that educational and income level have no significant correlation with the kind of accommodation, while tourist age and the length of tourist stay have significant and strong correlation with the kind of accommodation. In respect of the family number and the kind of accommodation the result shows that there is a significant correlation between the kind of accommodation and the number of adults and number of children under 11 years group. The study indicates that there is no correlation between the kind of accommodation and the number of children in the 11- 16 years group. The complex interdependent relationships mean that providers of tourist facilities have to have a deep understanding of the motivation of potential markets to provide the required facilities and activities.
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An analytical study on the formation of the rural communes in China, 1958Tsui, Man Shing January 1963 (has links)
Abstract not available.
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