Pradinių klasių mokinių pasiekimams vertinti naudojamas formuojamasis, idiografinis, apibendrinamasis, diagnostinis vertinimas. Kadangi nėra išskirta vertinimo tinkamumo kriterijų, vertinimas ne visuomet yra taikomas tinkama forma. Darbe išskirta 10 vertinimo kriterijų, pagal kuriuos nustatyta Kėdainių pradinių klasių mokytojų taikomo vertinimo atitiktis jiems. Atliktas vertinamasis kiekybinis tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 40 Kėdainių pradinių klasių mokytojų ir 196 pradinukų tėvai. / In order to assess the achievements of primary pupils formative, idiografic, summative, diagnostic assessments are used. As there are no proper assessment criteria distinguished, the assessment is seldom used in inappropriate form.10 assessment criteria were distinguished and the correspondence of the assessment used by Kedainiai primary techers to these criteria was determined. Assessive quantitative research was performed. 40 primary schools teachers and 196 pupils' parents participated in it.

The implementation of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South African schools brought radical changes to the teaching profession. The transition to an OBE curriculum exerted a great impact on teachers' assessment practices and required a major revision of teaching and learning activities. Outcomes-based assessment (OBA) does not only require of teachers to design appropriate assessment plans, assessment programmes and assessment strategies, but it also implies that learners should be provided with expanded and 89Propriate opportunities to achieve in accordance with their abilities. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that the training of teachers should not only focus on the demands that OBA make on the learner, but specifically on what OBA expects from the teacher. The main aim of assessment is to promote teaching and learning, which implies that teachers must assess in such a way that quality information about learner performance will be produced. The teacher must record and interpret this information carefully, in order to enable professional and accountable decisions about learner performance and to give constructive feedback to learners and their parents. Easier said than done! The implementation of OBE and specifically OBA elicited serious debates and fierce criticism from a variety of sources. Since the implementation of OBE, quite a number of newspaper reports reflected the negativity of teachers, educationists and other role players towards OBE and particularly OBA. OBE and OBA have become problematic and controversial issues in South Africa. In light of the above mentioned the purpose of this study was to determine the nature, scope and causes of the problems experienced with OBA in South African schools and come forward with practical, supportive recommendations that could alleviate and/or improve the situation. In order to determine the difficulties experienced with OBA empirical, quantitative and qualitative research methods were utilised. A structured questionnaire, with closed and open items, was sent to a representative sample of South African public schools. The resultant data was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed and the following main findings emerged from the research: 1. The training that teachers receive from the education department is inadequate for the successful implementation of OBA in South African schools. 2. Teachers' knowledge of OBE, and more specifically OBA, is too superficial to implement OBA successfully. 3. The assessment practices of teachers reflect that they have not yet made the transition from traditional and conventional types of assessment to authentic OBA. Assessment is primarily used for summative purposes and not for formative purposes, as is supposed to be the case. 4. The education department do not adequately support and empower teachers for the successful implementation of OBA. In light of the research findings, recommendations were made to promote the implementation of OBA in schools. / Die implementering van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) in Suid-Afrikaanse skole het radikale veranderinge vir die onderwysprofessie teweeggebring. Die oorgang na 'n UGOkurrikulum het 'n diepgaande impak op onderwysers se assesseringspraktyke gehad en het grootskaalse wysigings van onderrig-en leeraktiwiteite ingehou. Uitkomsgebaseerde assessering (UGA) verlang nie net van onderwysers om toepaslike assesseringsplanne, assesseringsprogramme en assesseringstrategiee te ontwerp nie, maar ook om aan leerders uitgebreide en toepaslike geleenthede te bied om volgens hulle vermoe te presteer. Dit is dus uiters belangrik dat daar in die opleiding van onderwysers nie net gelet sal word op wat UGA van die leerder vereis nie, maar spesifiek op wat UGA van die onderwyser verwag. Die hoofdoel van assessering is om onderrig en leer te bevorder en onderwysers moet dus op so 'n wyse assesseer dat dit kwaliteitinligting oor leerderprestasie lewer. Die onderwyser moet hierdie inligting noukeurig rekordeer en interpreteer, sodat professionele en verantwoordbare besluite oor leerderprestasie geneem kan word en op 'n konstruktiewe wyse aan leerders en hulle ouers oorgedra kan word. Makliker gese as gedaan! Die implementering van UGO, en in besonder UGA, het 'n hewige debat en felle kritiek uit verskillende oorde ontlok. Talle koerantberigte het sedert die implementering van UGO die negatiwiteit van onderwysers, opvoedkundiges en ander rolspelers teenoor UGO en in die besonder UGA weerspieel. UGO en UGA het 'n problematiese en kontroversiele aangeleentheid in Suid-Afrika geword. Teen die agtergrond van bogenoemde, was die doel van hierdie ondersoek om die aard, omvang en oorsake van die UGO-assesseringsknelpunte in Suid-Afrikaanse skole te bepaal en om met praktykgerigte, hulpverlenende aanbevelings na vore te kom om die situasie te verlig en/of te verbeter. Ten einde die problematiek van UGA empiries te bepaal is daar van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik gemaak. 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys (met geslote en oop items) is aan 'n verteenwoordigende steekproef van Suid-Afrikaanse staatskole gestuur. Die ingesamelde data is kwalitatief en kwantitatief geanaliseer en die volgende hoofbevindinge het uit die ondersoek voortgespruit: 1. Die opleiding wat onderwysers van die onderwysdepartement ontvang, is ontoereikend vir die suksesvolle implementering van UGA in Suid-Afrikaanse skole. 2. Onderwysers se kennis van UGO, en meer spesifiek UGA, is te oppervlakkig om UGA prakties suksesvol te implementeer. 3. Die assesseringspraktyke van onderwysers weerspieel dat hulle nog nie van die tradisionele en konvensionele tipes van assessering wegbeweeg het, na outentieke UGA toe nie. Assessering word ook oorwegend vir summatiewe doeleindes aangewend en nie vir formatiewe doeleindes, so os dit veronderstel is om te gebeur nie. 4. Onderwysers word ook nie toereikend deur die onderwysdepartement ondersteun en bemagtig om UGA suksesvol te implementeer nie. Aan die hand van die bevindinge is aanbevelings, te, bevordering van UGA-implementering in skole, gemaak. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The implementation of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South African schools brought radical changes to the teaching profession. The transition to an OBE curriculum exerted a great impact on teachers' assessment practices and required a major revision of teaching and learning activities. Outcomes-based assessment (OBA) does not only require of teachers to design appropriate assessment plans, assessment programmes and assessment strategies, but it also implies that learners should be provided with expanded and 89Propriate opportunities to achieve in accordance with their abilities. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that the training of teachers should not only focus on the demands that OBA make on the learner, but specifically on what OBA expects from the teacher. The main aim of assessment is to promote teaching and learning, which implies that teachers must assess in such a way that quality information about learner performance will be produced. The teacher must record and interpret this information carefully, in order to enable professional and accountable decisions about learner performance and to give constructive feedback to learners and their parents. Easier said than done! The implementation of OBE and specifically OBA elicited serious debates and fierce criticism from a variety of sources. Since the implementation of OBE, quite a number of newspaper reports reflected the negativity of teachers, educationists and other role players towards OBE and particularly OBA. OBE and OBA have become problematic and controversial issues in South Africa. In light of the above mentioned the purpose of this study was to determine the nature, scope and causes of the problems experienced with OBA in South African schools and come forward with practical, supportive recommendations that could alleviate and/or improve the situation. In order to determine the difficulties experienced with OBA empirical, quantitative and qualitative research methods were utilised. A structured questionnaire, with closed and open items, was sent to a representative sample of South African public schools. The resultant data was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed and the following main findings emerged from the research: 1. The training that teachers receive from the education department is inadequate for the successful implementation of OBA in South African schools. 2. Teachers' knowledge of OBE, and more specifically OBA, is too superficial to implement OBA successfully. 3. The assessment practices of teachers reflect that they have not yet made the transition from traditional and conventional types of assessment to authentic OBA. Assessment is primarily used for summative purposes and not for formative purposes, as is supposed to be the case. 4. The education department do not adequately support and empower teachers for the successful implementation of OBA. In light of the research findings, recommendations were made to promote the implementation of OBA in schools. / Die implementering van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) in Suid-Afrikaanse skole het radikale veranderinge vir die onderwysprofessie teweeggebring. Die oorgang na 'n UGOkurrikulum het 'n diepgaande impak op onderwysers se assesseringspraktyke gehad en het grootskaalse wysigings van onderrig-en leeraktiwiteite ingehou. Uitkomsgebaseerde assessering (UGA) verlang nie net van onderwysers om toepaslike assesseringsplanne, assesseringsprogramme en assesseringstrategiee te ontwerp nie, maar ook om aan leerders uitgebreide en toepaslike geleenthede te bied om volgens hulle vermoe te presteer. Dit is dus uiters belangrik dat daar in die opleiding van onderwysers nie net gelet sal word op wat UGA van die leerder vereis nie, maar spesifiek op wat UGA van die onderwyser verwag. Die hoofdoel van assessering is om onderrig en leer te bevorder en onderwysers moet dus op so 'n wyse assesseer dat dit kwaliteitinligting oor leerderprestasie lewer. Die onderwyser moet hierdie inligting noukeurig rekordeer en interpreteer, sodat professionele en verantwoordbare besluite oor leerderprestasie geneem kan word en op 'n konstruktiewe wyse aan leerders en hulle ouers oorgedra kan word. Makliker gese as gedaan! Die implementering van UGO, en in besonder UGA, het 'n hewige debat en felle kritiek uit verskillende oorde ontlok. Talle koerantberigte het sedert die implementering van UGO die negatiwiteit van onderwysers, opvoedkundiges en ander rolspelers teenoor UGO en in die besonder UGA weerspieel. UGO en UGA het 'n problematiese en kontroversiele aangeleentheid in Suid-Afrika geword. Teen die agtergrond van bogenoemde, was die doel van hierdie ondersoek om die aard, omvang en oorsake van die UGO-assesseringsknelpunte in Suid-Afrikaanse skole te bepaal en om met praktykgerigte, hulpverlenende aanbevelings na vore te kom om die situasie te verlig en/of te verbeter. Ten einde die problematiek van UGA empiries te bepaal is daar van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik gemaak. 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys (met geslote en oop items) is aan 'n verteenwoordigende steekproef van Suid-Afrikaanse staatskole gestuur. Die ingesamelde data is kwalitatief en kwantitatief geanaliseer en die volgende hoofbevindinge het uit die ondersoek voortgespruit: 1. Die opleiding wat onderwysers van die onderwysdepartement ontvang, is ontoereikend vir die suksesvolle implementering van UGA in Suid-Afrikaanse skole. 2. Onderwysers se kennis van UGO, en meer spesifiek UGA, is te oppervlakkig om UGA prakties suksesvol te implementeer. 3. Die assesseringspraktyke van onderwysers weerspieel dat hulle nog nie van die tradisionele en konvensionele tipes van assessering wegbeweeg het, na outentieke UGA toe nie. Assessering word ook oorwegend vir summatiewe doeleindes aangewend en nie vir formatiewe doeleindes, so os dit veronderstel is om te gebeur nie. 4. Onderwysers word ook nie toereikend deur die onderwysdepartement ondersteun en bemagtig om UGA suksesvol te implementeer nie. Aan die hand van die bevindinge is aanbevelings, te, bevordering van UGA-implementering in skole, gemaak. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

<p>Војвођанско Подунавље захвата сам ток Дунава на територији Војводине и шире подручје које практично директно излази на његове обале. За овај део Војводине карактеристичан је висок степен урбанизације. Истраживања спроведена израдом ове студије указују да овај простор има изузетно туристички атрактивне, како природне тако и антропогене потенцијале. У оквиру природних вредности издваја се пре свега Дунав као река међународног значаја, са својим хидрографским обележјима и специфичним током (мноштво рукаваца и меандара)на простору тзв. панонског сектора. Изузетну туристичку вредност имају и биогеографске карактеристике овог простора где се налазе специфичне врсте флоре и фауне. Узимајући у обзир карактеристике природних вредности може се говорити о могућности развитка различитих туристичких кретања од наутичког, спортско-рекреативног, ловног, риболовног, екотуризма и др. Код антропогених потенцијала највећи туристички значај имају манифестационе вредности од којих су многе међународног ранга. Фолклорно наслеђе са типичним војвођанским обележјима (ношња, музика, архитектура)такође имају изузетну туристичку вредност. Стара градска језгра се одликују специфичном архитектуром и обично представљају посебне амбијенталне просторе и представљају атрактивну туристичку вредност, у оквиру градског туризма. Војвођанско Подунавље уз бројне и различите туристичке вредности, са инвестирањем у изградњи материјалне базе може се укључити у савремене токове туризма и наћи своје место на домаћем и страном туристичком тржишту</p> / <p>Vojvođansko Podunavlje zahvata sam tok Dunava na teritoriji Vojvodine i šire područje koje praktično direktno izlazi na njegove obale. Za ovaj deo Vojvodine karakterističan je visok stepen urbanizacije. Istraživanja sprovedena izradom ove studije ukazuju da ovaj prostor ima izuzetno turistički atraktivne, kako prirodne tako i antropogene potencijale. U okviru prirodnih vrednosti izdvaja se pre svega Dunav kao reka međunarodnog značaja, sa svojim hidrografskim obeležjima i specifičnim tokom (mnoštvo rukavaca i meandara)na prostoru tzv. panonskog sektora. Izuzetnu turističku vrednost imaju i biogeografske karakteristike ovog prostora gde se nalaze specifične vrste flore i faune. Uzimajući u obzir karakteristike prirodnih vrednosti može se govoriti o mogućnosti razvitka različitih turističkih kretanja od nautičkog, sportsko-rekreativnog, lovnog, ribolovnog, ekoturizma i dr. Kod antropogenih potencijala najveći turistički značaj imaju manifestacione vrednosti od kojih su mnoge međunarodnog ranga. Folklorno nasleđe sa tipičnim vojvođanskim obeležjima (nošnja, muzika, arhitektura)takođe imaju izuzetnu turističku vrednost. Stara gradska jezgra se odlikuju specifičnom arhitekturom i obično predstavljaju posebne ambijentalne prostore i predstavljaju atraktivnu turističku vrednost, u okviru gradskog turizma. Vojvođansko Podunavlje uz brojne i različite turističke vrednosti, sa investiranjem u izgradnji materijalne baze može se uključiti u savremene tokove turizma i naći svoje mesto na domaćem i stranom turističkom tržištu</p> / <p>The abstract has been processed with OCR optical text recognition technology:</p><p>The Danube basin in Vojvodina includes the stream of the Danube which flows through the territory of Vojvodina together with the wider area that spreads out immediately from the river bank. This part of Vojvodina is characterized by a high level of urbanization.<br />The research has shown that the studied area contains natural and anthropogenic potentials which are very attractive from the touristic point of view.<br />In terms of the natural values of the area, it is the Danube that stands out as a river of international importance with its hydrogeographic properties and specific river stream - the abundance of backwater channels and meanders - in the so-called Pannonian sector.<br />Outstanding touristic values can also be attributed to the biogeographical properties of the area, which is full of particular species of flora and fauna. Considering the properties of natural attractions, we can talk about the possibilities for the development of diverse tourist migrations - from the nautical, recreational and ecotounsm to hunting, fishing and other forms of tourist activities.<br />Within the anthropogenic potentials of the area, the greatest tounstic value should be ascribed to various events, many of which are internationally important. The folkloric heritage contained in the hallmarks typical of Vojvodina - national costume, music, and architecture - also represents another touristic value. The old city centres are characterized by specific architecture and usually have special ambience, therefore representing attractive touristic value of urban tourism.<br />The Danube basin in Vojvodina can be comprised in contemporary touristic trends because of its diverse and numerous touristic values and with the proper development of the material base it will certainly find its place in domestic and international tourist markets.</p>

AND KEY WORDS ŠŤASTNÁ, Kamila. Forms of the Assessment of Pupils in the Education of the Czech Language and Literature. Prague, 2013. Dissertation. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication. The dissertation deals with the issues of student assessment, namely classification by means of marks and verbal assessment. As a form of student assessment an approach based on the synthesis of both forms is also considered. In the theoretical part of the dissertation assessment in general, school assessment and its special characteristics, positive and negative assessment, types and functions of assessment are defined. The dissertation is mainly concerned with the issues of forms of assessment, their benefits and negative aspects. When discussing verbal assessment, the possibilities of its use are described, its different forms are distinguished, attention is paid to the question of formulating verbal assessment. The dissertation is also concerned with the issues of transition from classification to verbal assessment. The empirical part discovers, by means of interview, which form Czech language and literature teachers use when assessing the students and what their opinions of types of assessment in question are. The dissertation surveys the reasons...