Trata-se de estudo sobre a tutela judicial de direitos de defesa coletiva pela associação profissional. Com a crise de representatividade dos sindicatos, passou-se a discutir a necessidade de robustecer de forma concorrente e não excludente a legitimidade ativa das associações, de forma não colidente e excludente à atuação sindical na esfera judicial. Para a análise do tema proposto, o trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo versa sobre a crise do sindicalismo e as respostas dadas para explicar tal situação. O segundo capítulo esmiúça o que se entende por associação profissional a partir de sua evolução e previsão legal na CLT em confronto com a Constituição Federal de 1988. O terceiro capítulo versa sobre os direitos de defesa coletiva, de maneira a analisar detidamente os direitos difusos, coletivos stricto senso e individuais homogêneos. O quarto e último capítulo versa sobre a atuação judicial das associações profissionais na defesa de direitos de defesa coletiva, nesta análise é estudada a legitimidade ativa, a definição e atuação dos corpos intermediários, para a partir daí adentrar em específico na defesa judicial de direitos de defesa coletiva pela associação. Por fim, enfrenta-se o que se entende por autorização expressa. / It is a study on the legal protection of collective defense rights by the professional association. With the crisis of representation of trade unions, went to discuss the need to strengthen concurrently and not excluding the active legitimacy of professional associations, not colliding and exclusionary form of union action in court. For the analysis of the theme, the work was divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the crisis of unionism and the answers given to explain this situation. The second chapter scrutinizes what is meant by professional association from its evolution and legal provisions in the Labor Code in conflict with the Federal Constitution of 1988. The third chapter deals with the rights of collective defense, in order to carefully analyze the diffuse rights, collective and individual homogeneous strict sense. The fourth and final chapter deals with the judicial role of professional associations in defense of collective defense rights in this analysis is studied the active legitimacy, the definition and role of intermediary bodies, for from there enter in particular the legal defense of rights collective defense by the association. Finally, it faces what is meant by permission.

The purposes of this survey were (1) to determine the nature of the case load of speech clinicians in Texas public school speech and hearing therapy programs, (2) to determine the type and condition of facilities in which the therapy described in item one above is being conducted, (3) to ascertain what the speech and hearing clinicians of the state believed to be essential for the effective practice of therapy, and (4) to find out what the clinicians believed to be special problems in their present facilities.

Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira / Banca: Oeliton Ferreira Barbosa / Banca: Adjair Antonio do Nascimento / Resumo: Avaliou-se no presente trabalho, a eficácia de dois antiparasitários: Moxidectina 1 % e a associação de (Albendazol + Levamizole + Ivermectina) no tratamento de nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos naturalmente infectados, da região de JaboticaballSP. Animais diagnosticados com infecção de nematódeos gastrintestinais, por meio de contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) superior a 500, foram randomizados e distribuídos em três grupos de 8 caprinos: Grupo I: Moxidectina 1 %, (200mcg/Kg) injetável, via subcutânea, na dose 1 mU50Kg; Grupo 11: Associação (Albendazole + Hidroclorido de Levamizole + Ivermectina) via per os, 1mU4Kg e Grupo 111: Controle (Solução Fisiológica) 1mU50Kg, via subcutânea. Após sete dias os animais foram eutanasiados e necropsiados para colheita, identificação e contagem dos helmintos. As espécies encontradas foram: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongy/us. co/ubriformis, T. axei, Oesophagostomum co/umbianum, Trichuris ovis e Capillaria bovis, sendo o H. contortus e T. co/ubriformis os mais expressivos com 57,49% e 47,25%, respectivamente. A associação demonstrou eficácia superior a 99% sobre as seis espécies, atingindo 100%, contra quatro delas, enquanto a moxidectina, em apenas quatro, obtendo eficácia máxima apenas contra duas espécies. / Abstract: The efficiency of two anti-parasitic has been assessed in the present study: Moxidectin -1 % and the association of (Albendazole + Levamizole + Ivennectine) in the treatment of gastro-intestinal nematodes in naturally infected caprines in the region of Jaboticabal/SP. Animais diagnosticated whit gastro-intestinal nematode infection, by the count of eggs per gram of stools (EPG) superior to 500, were randomized and distributed in three groups of 8 caprines: Group I: Moxidectin 1 %, (200mcg/Kg), inserted, via sub-cutaneous, administered at a dose of 1 mU50kg; Group 11: Association of (Albendazole + Hydrochloridric Levamizole + Ivennectine) via peros, 1 mU4Kg and Group 111: Control (Fisiologic Solution) 1 mU50Kg, via subcutaneous. After seven days, the animais were euthanasied and necropsied for the harvest, identification and counting of helmints. The found species were: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongy/us co/ubriformis, T. axei, Oesophagostomun co/umbianum, Trichuris ovis and Capillaria bovis, finding that H. contortus and T. co/ubriformis are the most expressive ones whit 57,49% and 47,25% respectively. The association showed efficacy superior to 99% over the six species, reaching 100% against four, whereas moxidectin, only four, obtaining the maximum against two species. / Mestre

Data from a Croatian isolate population are analysed in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for a variety of disease-related quantitative traits. A novel genomewide approach to analysing pedigree-based association data called GRAMMAR is utilised. One of the significant findings, for uric acid, is followed up in greater detail, and is replicated in another isolate population, from Orkney. The associated SNPs are located in the SLC2A9 gene, coding for a known glucose transporter, which leads to identification of SLC2A9 as a urate transporter too (Vitart et al., 2008). These SNPs are later implicated in affecting gout, a disease known to be linked with high serum uric acid levels, in an independent study (Dehghan et al., 2008). Subsequently, investigation into different ways in which to use SNP data to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for genome-wide association (GWA) studies is performed. Several multi-marker approaches are compared to single SNP analysis using simulated phenotypes and real genotype data, and results show that for rare variants haplotype analysis is the most effective method of detection. Finally, the multi-marker methods are compared with single SNP analysis on the real uric acid data. Interpretation of real data results was complicated due to low sample size, since only founder and unrelated individuals may be used for population-based haplotype analysis, nonetheless, results of the prior analyses of simulated data indicate that multi-marker methods, in particular haplotypes, may greatly facilitate detection of QTL with low minor allele frequency in GWA studies.

<p></p><p>Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor) </i>is a well-known agronomic crop of global importance. The demand for sorghum as a food crop makes it the fifth most important cereal in the world. The grain of sorghum is utilized for food and feed, whereas the sorghum biomass may have many other uses such as for fodder, bioenergy or even for construction. Globally, sorghum is consumed as a food crop and used for home construction primarily in the developing world. The grain and biomass yield of sorghum is drastically reduced by the parasitic plant <i>Striga hermonthica </i>which is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. To date, only one sorghum gene, <i>LGS1</i>, has been characterized as a genetic mechanism that reduces <i>S. hermonthica</i> parasitism by altering the strigolactone composition of the host root exudates which results in a reduction of the parasites ability to germinate. To establish more durable resistance additional genetic variation needs to be identified that reduces the <i>S. hermonthica </i>parasitism in sorghum, but also reduces the parasitic weed seed bank by promoting suicidal germination. To that end, the PP37 multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population was developed, originally as a recurrent selection population that was developed to recombine sorghum accessions with different putative resistance mechanisms to <i>S. hermonthica. </i>Whole genome sequences were developed for approximately 1,006 individuals of the PP37 MAGIC population. The population was phenotyped for <i>S. hermonthica </i>resistance during the 2016 and 2017 growing season in Northwestern Ethiopia. There was significant spatial variation in the <i>S. hermonthica </i>natural infestations that were partially attenuated for with artificial inoculation. The data was used to conduct a genome-wide association study that detected several subthreshold peaks, including the previously mapped <i>LGS1. </i>The highly quantitative nature of <i>S. hermonthica </i>resistance confounded with the complex spatial variation in the parasite infestations across a given location make it difficult to detect highly heritable variation across years and environments. </p> <p> In addition to <i>S. hermonthica </i>resistance, the plant architecture of the PP37 MAGIC was also assessed at a location in Northwestern Ethiopia that is free of the parasite, as it significantly reduces plant height. To asses plant architecture the total plant height, the height of the panicle base, flag leaf height, and pre-flag leaf height were collected using a relatively high-throughput barcoded measurement system. Sorghum head exertion and panicle length were derived from this data. The actual measures of plant architecture and the derived traits were used to conduct a genome-wide association study. The high heritability of this trait demonstrated the statistical power of the PP37 mapping population. Highly significant peaks were detected that resolved the <i>dwarf3</i> locus and an uncharacterized qHT7.1 that had only been previously resolved using a recombinant inbred line population. Furthermore, a novel significant locus was associated with exertion on chromosome 1. The random mating that was utilized to develop the PP37 MAGIC has broken the population structure that when present can hinder our ability associate regions of the genome to a given phenotype. As a result, novel candidate gene lists have been developed as an outcome of this research that refined the potential genes that need to be explored to validate qHT7.1 and the novel association on chromosome 1. </p> <p>This research demonstrated the power of MAGIC populations in determining the genomic regions that influence complex phenotypes, that facilitates future work in sorghum genetic improvement through plant breeding. This research however also demonstrates a large international research effort. The nuisances and lessons learned while conducting this international research project are also discussed to help facilitate and guide similar research projects in the future. The broader impacts of this research on the society at large are also discussed, to highlight the unique potential broader impacts of international research in the plant sciences. The broader impacts of this research include germplasm development and extensive human capacity building in plant breeding genetics for developing country students and aspiring scientists. Overall this research attempts to serve as a model for highlighting the interdisciplinary nature and complexity of conducting international plant science research, while also making significant strides in improving our understanding the genetic architecture of quantitative traits of agronomic importance in sorghum.</p><br><p></p>

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the superordinate and subordinate words as mediators in mediate association learning across three different age groups in the A-B, B-C, A-C mediation x paradigm. The effects of sex difference, high and low levels of associational fluency, as well as a type of pre-training which was done by requiring subjects to create associations to the mediating B terms, were considered. The subjects used were, 50 fourth graders (22 boys and 28 girls), 54 seventh graders (26 boys and 28 girls), and 51 tenth graders (22 boys and 29 girls), for a total of 155 students. Each group of subjects was divided into high and low associational fluency groups using the cutting point. The high and low associational fluency groups were divided further into two groups each using the odd-even method on the ranks on the associational fluency scores. Prior to the mediate association learning task, one group received the pre-training procedure while the other received the no-pre-training procedure where each subject was simply required to write a short story. The learning materials consisted of superordinate and subordinate words, and high association value nonsense syllables. Two sets of A-B, B-C, A-C, mediate association learning task were constructed using superordinate words as B terms in one set and subordinate words as B terms in the other, while the same nonsense syllables were used as the A and C terms in both sets. Each set of the learning task consisted of two 12 paired-associate lists, half of which was used as the experimental pairs with the other half as the control pairs. Each list of paired-associates was presented one pair at a time for five seconds for seven trials. Each subject received both sets of the learning task and served as his own control. The multiple-choice method was used to measure the amount of mediation. The results of the experiments were as follows: Mediation was obtained with both the superordinate and subordinate words as mediators when subjects in the fourth, seventh and tenth grades were each treated as a single group, with the exception of the fourth grade group when the superordinate words were used as mediators. In general, when subjects were treated on the subgroup basis, mediation was obtained increasingly with age. The pre-training method was not superior to the no-pre-training (control) method in producing mediation. In fact, on the seventh grade level with superordinate words as mediators, the pre-training group was inferior to the control group in producing mediation. Superordinate words were not more effective mediators than subordinate words. There was a trend which indicated that subordinate words were more effective mediators than the superordinate words with the increasing age of subjects, especially among female subjects. There was no clear-cut evidence that the high associational fluency level enhanced the occurrence of mediation more than the low associational fluency level when the superordinate words and subordinate words were used as mediators. It was found that age had a definite effect on mediation. The amount of mediation produced occurred increasing with age, at least for the three grade levels compared. There was no sex difference on mediation produced superordinate words as mediators. But with the subordinate words as mediators there were sex difference effects on the amount of mediation produced in favor of female groups on the fourth and tenth grade levels. In conclusion, the results of the study were in agreement with the majority of the findings reported in the literature on mediate association experiments that mediation could be experimentally produced. The superordinate words and subordinate words proved to be about equally effective as mediators and their effectiveness increased with the increasing age of the subjects.

The purpose of this practicum is to present a descriptive analysis of possible causes related to the drop-out rate in the Oregon Chapter, National Association of Social Workers (NASW) during the period between March of 1977 to March of 1978. Initial interest and involvement for this practicum was generated by a classroom announcement from Norman L. Wyers, D.S.W., Associate Professor at Portland State University School of Social Work. The announcement indicated that the Oregon Chapter, NASW, was interested in studying this drop-out rate. Throughout this practicum, the Oregon Chapter, NASW will be referred to as the Chapter.

The problem. This study seeks to present a history of the Utah Elementary Principals Association from its beginning to 1957. In its early years, the elementary principles worked with secondary principals and supervisors. The organization was not identified as a professional group separate and apart from other administrators of the state of Utah. The purpose. The purpose of this study is to compile, organize, and record significant activities of the association. This will include personnel and chronology. Other general purposes of the study are as follows: 1. To gain a knowledge of the role of Utah Elementary Principals Association in the professional training of elementary school administrators. 2. To meet a request of the officers of the Utah Elementary Principals Association. 3. It is a means of preserving a record of important activities that have been accomplished. Delimitations. This study is limited to the activities of the association from its beginning to 1957. It will be confined to the period of time since it became a professional group separate and apart from administrators. Sources of data. The source for this investigation from which the historical material was compiled was found in the minute books of the Elementary Principals Association. It was also gathered by personal interviews with past officers of the Association. Pertinent Information was also obtained from personal letters from past officers and from records which have been kept by different officers of the association. Method of treatment. From the nature of sources available, it is evident that the methods employed in dealing with the problems are most generally characterized as historical and documentary. The particular aspects of the history of the Association that are to be discussed are as follows: 1. A brief historical background. 2. A chronological list of officers. 3. Financial reports of the Utah Elementary Principals Association. 4. Participation of the Utah Elementary Principals Association at the Northwest Convention. 5. Workshops held in the state. 6. The relation of the Utah State Elementary Principals Association to the State Department of Education. 7. Salary schedules. 8. The official magazine. 9. The promotion of professionalism. a. Goals and objectives b. Significance for education c. constitution d. Code of ethics In gathering information for the study, the writer has searched diligently to get the important items to record. The plan is to have accessible to the Association a history which may prove valuable to it.

No description available.

What is the role of the independent inventor today? Historically, he has played an important role but circumstances have now changed. The objectives of this thesis have been: (1) to assess the value of inventions made by independent inventors; (2) to determine whether the government should provide support; and (3) if so, how? It is not appropriate to make a judgement about the value of independent inventors on qualitative data alone. Therefore, attempts must be made to obtain quantitative data on the value, in economic and social terms, of inventions of independent inventors. The unique feature of this thesis is the survey of members of the Inventors' Association of Australia to assess the personal characteristics of their members, the value of inventions made by members and the types of assistance required by their members. Some of the research results on the personal characteristics of independent inventors are interesting. - 95% are males. (This is supported by other research data). their educational qualifications are much higher than the general population. - on average, each inventor spends 8-10 hours per week on inventions. The survey showed that the economic value (in terms of value of output) of inventions made by members of the Inventors' Association of Australia is about $50m per annum and creates about 4000 man years of employment. It is not possible to assess what percentage of independent inventors are members of the Inventors' Association of Australia. Estimates place this between 20% and 50%. If this is the case, then it can be estimated that the value of output of inventions of independent inventors in Australia is between $100m-$260m which, in turn, creates 7,700 - 19,000 man years of employment. Additionally, the qualitative evidence suggests that Australian inventors are, at the least, equal to their overseas counterparts. There are grounds why governments should intervene to assist independent inventors indivisibility: this relates to access to information and to the large scale nature of some inventions. inappropriability: this refers to the externalities or social benefits of inventions which are not recouped by inventors through the normal market mechanisms. - uncertainty: independent inventors usually have a small number of inventions; therefore it is not possible for them to spread their risks. Large companies and some areas of the agriculture and mining industries have developed special mechanisms for spreading risk. Based on an assessment of overseas policies, an examination of existing Australian policies and the results of the Inventors' Association of Australia survey, the following steps should be taken in Australia to support independent inventors. (1) create an environment within the community which supports/encourages invention and innovation. (2) develop a national innovation policy. (3) develop an innovation finance facility. (Although this is not in operation, steps have been taken to provide this). (A) the establishment of innovation centres.