This research is consecrated to Mussorgsky's famous cycle of character pieces, Pictures at an Exhibition. The author of this study examines, analyzes, and compares divergent perceptions about Mussorgsky's renowned cycle that have emerged among Mussorgsky scholars in Russia and abroad. Due to the fact that there is such an array of diverse viewpoints about Pictures at an Exhibition, some of which are conflicting or even contradictory, there is need to collect, expose, and discuss these findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to come to a better understanding of Mussorgsky's composition through a thorough examination of internal evidence and through studying the various insights presented by numerous Mussorgsky researchers. The discoveries shared by Western and Russian scholars will then help performers create a more authentic interpretation of Pictures at an Exhibition based on a solid foundation of knowledge. The other goal of this study is to introduce viewpoints and ideas shared by Russian researchers in the materials that are unavailable in English. These numerous findings shared by Russian scholars may help popularize and promote Mussorgsky's work among the non-Russian readers and performers, as well as introduce Russian perception about Mussorgsky's cycle. Another objective of this document is to study and analyze the composer's score markings, in order to draw performers' attention to this important link between a performer and the composer. Mussorgsky's detailed score markings represent a unique message, in which the composer gives direct and explicit instructions toward interpretation. Therefore, a wise performer would choose to pay close attention to these suggestions in order to create a meaningful performance.This document is organized in three chapters. Chapter I represents an overview of the life and traditions of Russian society in the 18th and 19th centuries; it describes the beginning of the nationalistic movement in Russian music and outlines some significant facts from Mussorgsky's life. Chapter II is dedicated to the genesis and structural analysis of Pictures at an Exhibition. Chapter III explores the divergent perceptions about Mussorgsky's suite expressed by Russian and Western researchers. Illustrations by Victor Hartmann and other Russian painters accompany this document as well as a many musical examples.

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This thesis reports on an investigation carried out to study the effect of flaring and turning movements on the performance of roundabout entries. A computer simulation program was developed to carry out the investigation. The model simulates an entry with two lanes at the approach section and four at the stop line. It can be modified easily to simulate straight entries by changing the input and one DATA statement. Data were collected at three public road sites at Sheffield to validate the model. A method of analysing the data was developed to obtain values of the gap-acceptance parameters. The values arrived at were used subsequently as input into the model to allow direct comparison of observed and simulated values. The comparison concluded that the model represents adequately the real conditions. The results produced showed that average delay for below-capacity operation is reduced by at least 40% when an entry is flared. Capacity improvement, measured as the effective number of lanes of a flared approach, is shown to be influenced by the circulating flow. There is an improvement of 50% for all studied casesfor circulating flow of 2300 veh/hr and more. Turning proportions do not affect capacity of straight entries but do affect that of flared entries. There is a difference of 25 - 30% between the extreme values depending on the proportion of left-turning vehicles. Turning proportions affect delays of both straight and flared entries. Minimum delay was obtained for combinations which include 30 - 40% left-turning proportion.

In urban areas, competition for road space at junctions is one of the major causes of congestion and accidents. Routes chosen to avoid conflict at junctions have a mutually beneficial effect which should improve circulation and reduce accidents. A prototype design tool has been developed to provide for traffic management based on such routes. The mathematical model behind the design tool works with a given road network and a given O-D demand matrix to produce feasible routes for all drivers in such a way that the weighted sum of potential conflicts is minimised. The result is a route selection in which all journeys from origin i to destination j follow the same route. The method which works best splits the problem into single commodity problems and solves these repeatedly by the Out-of-Kilter algorithm. Good locally optimal solutions can be produced by this method, even though global optimality cannot be guaranteed. Software for a microcomputer presented here as part of the design tool is capable of solving problems on realistic networks in a reasonable time. This method is embedded in a suite of computer programs which makes the input and output straightforward. Used as a design tool in the early stages of network design it gives a network-wide view of the possibilities for reducing conflict and indicates a coherent set of traffic management measures. The ideal measure would be automatic route guidance, such as the pilot scheme currently being developed for London. Other measures include a set of one-way streets and banned turns. The resulting turning flows could be used as input to the signal optimiser TRANSYT to determine signal settings favouring the routeing pattern. The project was funded by the S. E. R. C. and carried out at Middlesex Polytechnic in collaboration with MVA Systematica.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-270). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.