Peter, 15 år, ble behandlet for depresjon med CBT. Etter behandling oppfylte han fremdeles kriteriene til mild depressiv episode. Studien har analysert Peters behandling for å undersøke mulige årsaker til utilstrekkelig symptomreduksjon. Kasusstudie ble benyttet som forskningsmetode ut fra et ønske om å forstå et komplekst fenomen i sin naturlige kontekst. Data ble samlet inn gjennom direkte observasjon og ustrukturerte samtaler i terapiforløpet. I analysen ble mønstre i dataene kategorisert og knyttet opp mot empirisk forskning. Analysen avdekket 17 konsepter innenfor 4 systemer: Peters utviklingssystem, foreldrenes omsorgssystem, Peters oppvekstsystem og behandlingssystemet. Konseptene i de 3 første systemene betraktes som risikofaktorer. Konseptene i det siste systemet betraktes som svakheter ved behandlingstilbudet. Funnene illustrerer at årsakene til utilstrekkelig symptomreduksjon er komplekse og kumulative. Basert på funnene ble en alternativ behandling for deprimert ungdom foreslått. Forslaget kombinerer CBT og ABFT i et rammeverk basert på MST. En fordel med forslaget er at mangfoldet av risikofaktorer i større grad blir oppdaget og endret. Ulempen er at gjennomføringen vil kreve betraktelig større økonomiske ressurser enn dagens CBT. Studiens funn gjenspeiler behovet for mer omfattende og brede tiltak i behandling av deprimert ungdom. Videre forskning oppfordres til å utfordre etablerte sannheter om behandling av denne lidelsen.

Background: The autism spectrum disorder is increasing in our society. Autism is a spectrum of conditions characterized by difficulties in understanding. Symptoms of autism can change with a right support. Aim: The purpose of the study is to use Bronfenbrenner’s theory in order to analyse forms of support for children and young adults on the autism spectrum disorder. I will use Bonfrenbrenner’s ecological system theory in my literature review in order to emphasize on different systems that influence support. Systems include microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. Method: General literature study where the results are based on both quantitative and qualitative research from databases EBSC host, APA psycinfo and APA psycArticles all of which created 9 studies. Results: The results show that more support is needed in school and habilitation centers for children and young adults with autism spectrum diagnosis. An increase in knowledge about the autism spectrum disorder is needed among parents, teachers and personal assistants. The results show that different forms of support help individuals with autism spectrum disorder to develop different skills. With proper communication, follow-up, mapping in behavioural therapy, socialstories and by creating clear circumstances can develop more skills individually. There is support for autism spectrum disorder in schools and kindergarten, but more support is needed. Support from technology has an important role in society. Follow-up for the individuals with autism spectrum disorder needs to start as early as possible. The findings show that with laterfollow-up or no follow-up, the autistic symptoms can re-appear. The result also show that sometimes parents may be influenced by cultural factors, which may prevent them from seeking support. Conclusion: Different forms of support have a developmental effect for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. More forms of support are needed in the society. Individuals with autism diagnose need constant follow-up support to develop skills. Children who received support at an early age developed better than those who received support later.