For the anti-charmed pentaquark state with and without strangeness a QCD sum rule analysis, which is one of the nonperturbative approaches, is presented. For this purpose we employ pentaquark currents with and without strangeness, with two different current for each case. To refine the sum rules we also consider the DN continuum contribution in our analysis since this procedure is important to identify the signal of the pentaquark state. While the sum rules for most of the currents are either non-convergent or dominated by the DN continuum, the one for the non-strange pentaquark current composed of two diquarks and an antiquark, is convergent and has a structure consistent with a positive parity pentaquark state after subtracting out the DN continuum contribution. Arguments are presented on the similarity between the result of the present analysis and that based on the constituent quark models, which predict more stable pentaquark states when the antiquark is heavy.

In this thesis a search for electron type neutrino-electron scattering cross-section and Weinberg Angle measurements were performed at KS Nuclear Power Station with 200 kg CsI(Tl) scintillating crystal detector located at a distance of 28 m from the 2.9 GW reactor core giving total flux of 6:52X10^12 cm^-2s^-1 in average at the experimental site. New analysis techniques and background suppression methods were developed. In the region of 3-8 MeV a measurement of SM cross section of (1:235+-0.577) XR_SM and Weinberg Angle of 0:264 +-0.075 which is quite consistent with the SM value of 0.23120(15)were obtained. These are the best results with wold wide level sensitivities at untested low energy region by using reactor anti-neutrinos.

In this thesis, we applied Light Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR) to several problems in meson physics. Semileptonic B-&gt / eta l v decays are important to get information on Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements. We calculated form factors of this decay in LCSR frame. Our results are confirmed by later studies and these similar studies had been used for enhancing result on b to u quark transition matrix element of CKM matrix by BaBar collaboration. We used LCSR method also for calculating coupling constant of radiative rho -&gt / eta photon decay since the analysis of the vector particle to pseudoscalar particle radiative decay with eta and eta&#039 / mesons in final state can provide insights to the long standing issue of the eta and eta&#039 / mixing. Our result g_{rho eta photon}=(1.4 &plusmn / 0.2) is very close to experimental value g_{ rho eta photon} = (1.42 &plusmn / 0.12). We also calculated magnetic moment of the rho meson in LCSR frame which is an important parameter since it is strongly related to internal structure of hadron. Our result 2.3 &plusmn / 0.5 in units of (e/2m_rho), is in better agreement with lattice QCD results than traditional QCD sum rules. Quark contents of light scalar mesons are still under debate and we analyzed phi -&gt / K K decays which is important for understanding the quark content of the f0 meson. Our final result is g_{phi KK} = 4.9 &plusmn / 0.8 which is in well agreement with existing experimental result g_{phi KK} = 4.8.

In this thesis, entanglement under fully relativistic settings are discussed. The thesis starts with a brief review of the relativistic quantum mechanics. In order to describe the effects of Lorentz transformations on the entangled states, quantum mechanics and special relativity are merged by construction of the unitary irreducible representations of Poincar&eacute / group on the infinite dimensional Hilbert space of state vectors. In this framework, the issue of finding the unitary irreducible representations of Poincar&eacute / group is reduced to that of the little group. Wigner rotation for the massive particles plays a crucial role due to its effect on the spin polarization directions. Furthermore, the physical requirements for constructing the correct relativistic spin operator is also studied. Then, the entanglement and Bell type inequalities are reviewed. The special attention has been devoted to two historical papers, by EPR in 1935 and by J.S. Bell in 1964. The main part of the thesis is based on the Lorentz transformation of the Bell states and the Bell inequalities on these transformed states. It is shown that entanglement is a Lorentz invariant quantity. That is, no inertial observer can see the entangled state as a separable one. However, it was shown that the Bell inequality may be satisfied for the Wigner angle dependent transformed entangled states. Since the Wigner rotation changes the spin polarization direction with the increased velocity, initial dichotomous operators can satisfy the Bell inequality for those states. By choosing the dichotomous operators taking into consideration the Wigner angle, it is always possible to show that Bell type inequalities can be violated for the transformed entangled states.

Spinodal instability mechanism and early development of density fluctuations for symmetric nuclear matter at finite temperature are studied. A stochastic extension of Walecka-type relativistic mean-field model including non-linear self-interactions of scalar mesons with NL3 parameter set is employed in the semi-classical approximation. The growth rates of unstable collective modes are investigated below the normal density and at low temperatures. The system exhibits most unstable behavior in longer wave lengths at baryon densities &rho / B = 0.4 &rho / 0 , while most unstable behavior occurs in shorter wavelengths at lower baryon densities &rho / B = 0.2 &rho / 0 . The unstable response of the system shifts towards longer wavelengths with the increasing temperature at both densities. The early growth of the density correlation functions are calculated, which provide valuable information about the initial size of the condensation and the average speed of condensing fragments. Furthermore, the relativistic results are compared with Skyrme type non-relativistic calculations. Qualitatively similar results are found in both non-relativistic and relativistic descriptions.

With the long awaited start-up of the LHC, TeV scale physics is now in reach of the particles physicists to explore. There are many questions about the nature to be answered, and many more theories to be tested trying to answer them. The ADD model of extra dimensions is one such model, written to address the large mass hi- erarchy between the two fundamental energy scales in nature, the electroweak and the Planck scales. ADD model predicts stronger gravity at sub-millimeter distance scales, which would then lead to an interesting physical object to be produced at proton collusions at the LHC: Tiny quantum black holes. In this thesis we study the discovery potential of CMS for quantum black hole events for proton-proton collusions at sqrt(s) = 14 TeV. Our study details the trigger response of CMS, various criteria and methods for background rejection, affect of experimental uncertainties on measurements, for different model parameter values.

Conversion, the process by which natural uranium ore (yellowcake) is purified and converted through a series of chemical processes into uranium hexafluoride gas (UF6), has historically been excluded from the nuclear safeguards requirements of the 235U-based nuclear fuel cycle. With each step in the conversion process from yellowcake to feedstock for UF6, intermediary uranium oxide and uranium fluoride compounds become progressively attractive products for diversion toward activities noncompliant with international treaties. The diversion of this product material could potentially provide feedstock for a clandestine or undeclared enrichment for weapons development for state or non-state entities. With the realization of this potential, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has only recently reinterpreted its policies to emphasize safeguarding this feedstock in response to such diversion pathways. This project employs a combination of simulation models and experimental measurements to develop and validate concepts of nondestructive assay monitoring systems in a natural uranium conversion plant (NUCP). In particular, uranyl nitrate (UN) solution exiting solvent extraction was identified as a key measurement point (KMP), where gamma-ray spectroscopy was selected as the process-monitoring tool. The Uranyl Nitrate Calibration Loop Equipment (UNCLE) facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was employed to simulate the full-scale operating conditions of a purified uranium-bearing aqueous stream exiting the solvent extraction process in an NUCP. This work investigates gamma-ray signatures UN circulating in the UNCLE facility and evaluates various gamma-ray detector (HPGe, LaBr3 and NaI) sensitivities to UN.

Being a flavor changing neutral current process, inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays provide reliable testing grounds for the Standard Model at the loop level. They are also importanat in the CKM phenomology and investing the CP violation due to the existence of sizable interference terms in the decay amplitude. In this work , the rare inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays for (lepton is electron ,muon , tau) are investigated in the context of the Standard Model.The differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry ,CP &ndash / violating asymmetry and CP &ndash / violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry in these processes are examined.The dependencies of these physical parameters on the Standard Model parametres are analyzed by paying a special attention to the long distance effects. Although the branching ratios predicted for the inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays are relatively small because of CKM suppression , it has been found that there is a significant ACP and ACP(AFB) for these processes.

Using the general, model indepenent form of the effective Hamiltonian, the general expressions of the longitudinal, normal and transversal polarization asymmetries for l+ and l- for the effective B -&gt / K(K*)l+l- decays has been calculated. Existence of regions of Wilson coefficients for which the branching ratio coincides with the Standard Model result, while the lepton polarizations differ from the standard model prediction is expected. Hence, studying lepton polarizations in these regions of Wilson coefficients may be helpful in establishing new physics beyond standard model.

Agarose gel was used as a template to prepare zirconium titanium mixed oxide pellets with bimodal porosity. The materials were fully characterized to assess the effect ofZr:Ti ratio on the physical properties. It was found that the metal oxide ratio had an impact on surface acidity, the number of surface hydroxyl groups, the surface area the crystallinity and the mesopore diameter. The oxides were tested for the adsorption of vanadium ions to determine which Zr mole fraction exhibited the highest loading capacity and the fastest kinetics. A comparative study demonstrated that a hierarchical pore structure had enhanced mass transport properties over a monomodal pore structure of similar Zr:Ti composition. / Three porous zirconium titanium oxides (25 mol% Zr) were synthesized using sol-gel chemistry. One of the materials was templated from agarose gel, the second was produced without the use of a template and the third was templated from stearic acid. All three materials varied in pore architecture. Surface modification was performed post-synthetically using propionic acid (a monomer), glutaric acid (a dimer) and three molecular weights of poly(acrylic acid). Higher loading within the inorganic support was obtained for the polymers than for the smaller molecules. It was found that the pore architecture had a strong bearing on the quantity of polymer incorporated into the metal oxide framework and some effect on the rate of polymer adsorption. Thus there is great value in using templates to control pore structure. The materials were subjected to irradiation with 60Co γ-rays to determine the stability of the inorganic support and the organic functionality. / Hybrid materials were prepared by coating five distinct macroporous commercial membranes with zirconium titanium oxide using sol-gel chemistry. Calcination of these templated materials produced oxide membranes which had a suite of macropore and mesopore architectures, pore volumes and surface areas. These differences in physical properties were used to conduct a fundamental study on the relationship between the mesopore size and volume and the capacity for polymer incorporation. It was found that the polymer loading capacity was highly dependent on the pore size and pore volume. As surface area increased, loading capacity decreased, indicating that much of the increased internal surface was inaccessible to the macromolecules. Thus, mesopore diameter and pore volume must be considered when designing a mesoporous solid support. / Hierarchically porous zirconium titanium oxide and carbon zirconium titanium oxide beads with adjustable meso- and macroporosity were prepared in a one-pot, engineering-friendly process. Poly(acrylonitrile) and block copolymer Pluronic F127 were used as structure directing agents. These millimeter sized spheres were fabricated through drop-wise addition of the template-metal alkoxide solution into either water or liquid nitrogen. Carbon zirconium titanium oxide beads were produced by carbonizing the beads at 550 °C in an inert atmosphere. The (carbon) zirconium titanium oxide beads were assessed for surface accessibility and adsorption rate by monitoring the adsorption of uranyl from solution. / Porous metal oxide monoliths, specifically silica, titania, zirconia and mixed oxides containing aluminum and yttrium, were prepared in a one-pot synthesis. Macroporosity was induced using the phase separation of furfuryl alcohol. These materials have a suite of mesopore and macropore structures, the domains of which can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions. These conditions were studied in detail to optimize the pore interconnectivity, the monolith stability, the pore volume and the surface area.