The objective of this study was to determine if an organic media attached growth bioreactor could effectively be used as a means of odor control for swine waste. The pilot-scale attached growth bioreactor system was evaluated against a standard pit recharge system, which served as the control. Performance was based on water quality testing, odor assessments by a human sensory panel, and air phase measurements of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The affect of aeration on the system was also evaluated, along with various types of organic media (kenaf, hardwood mulch, and corncobs). Overall, the bioreactor systems were effective in reducing orthophosphate, COD, volatile acids, and phenol concentrations as compared to the control. The bioreactor systems were not effective in reducing the conductivity, ammonia or total solids concentration of the wastewater. With the exception of the corncob media, all bioreactor systems significantly reduced the overall odor intensity and the fecal characteristic of the wastewater as compared to the control system.

No description available.

No description available.

This study uses the case study method to investigate how a start-up company in industrial PC ODM field makes the product line decision when the outcome does not meet the expectation on funding. Since the company A corp. which was formly a software company in Netword Attached Storage field merged a communication appliance business unit from a industrial PC manufactoror, it was expected to leverage the resources of both joint venture parties to create synergy in competing with the existing competitors. It is two years after funding the management is about to review the product lines ¡V hardware manufacture and storage system, to make the go/no go decision on the storage system product line. Regarding to the business factor, the case is described in terms of value propostion, value network, and resource and process of the company; For the business competition, competitors in both product lines are stated; And respective operation records are provided in making the decision.

Small towns that operate wastewater treatment lagoons struggle to meet ammonia limits in cold weather. Here we report the performance of a lagoon, retrofitted with submerged attached-growth reactors (SAGRsTM), to provide insight on ammonia effluent compliance and optimal SAGR sizing as functions of water temperature. The lagoon-SAGR water resource recovery facility (WRRF) removed 95% of incoming ammonia with 94% attributable to the SAGRs. The high treatment capacity of the two primary SAGRs, evidenced by nearly continuous dissolved oxygen saturation and exceedingly high ammonia removals, suggested the two secondary SAGRs were essentially unnecessary and that all four SAGRs should be reduced in size. Furthermore, without the secondary SAGRs, the primary SAGR effluent would have exceeded the permitted ammonia discharge limit only four times in the 2.5 year study. At its current size, the lagoon-SAGR WRRF never exceeded permitted ammonia limits, but size reductions should be used for future retrofits. To further understand cold-weather ammonia removal in the lagoon-SAGR WRRF, we investigated the effect of increased ammonia loading on biomass and the effect of biofilms on microbial abundance. When ammonia loading to the SAGRs was increased in the fall, the lagoon-SAGR WRRF never exceeded its ammonia permit limit, the kinetic coefficients were maintained (0.5-0.8 d-1) and the NH3 removal rates improved (0.25 kg d-1 in baseline loading to 0.45 kg d-1) despite a large temperature decrease (25 °C to < 16 °C). In the biofilm, ammonia-oxidizing archaea abundance was 10 times greater than the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria abundance suggesting the potential importance of ammonia oxidizing archaea in biofilm mediated systems. Additionally, the ammonia and nitrite transforming microbes in the SAGRs had a diverse range of dissolved oxygen affinities and were more abundant in the biofilm in comparison to the wastewater. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were abundant in the biofilm even though the film constantly interacted with high dissolved oxygen. We found that two components of a successful lagoon-SAGR WRRF were increased biomass in the SAGRs before cold-weather due to elevated ammonia loading and diverse oxygen affinities in the microbes related to ammonia removal.

Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSPs) are a relatively simplistic and non-intensive wastewater treatment technology; with various WSP configurations widely employed to treat a range of different wastewaters the world over. Whilst the advantages of WSP treatment are both numerous and well recognized, performance problems relating to the presence of occasionally large and unpredictable quantities of plankton (both algal and zooplankton) biomass in the final pond effluents have posed significant operational problems for WSP operators; with this suspended biomass representing the single biggest drawback associated with the technology. Research conducted during this project was concerned with assessing a selection of so-called ‘advanced’ in-pond treatment processes for the upgrading or polishing of a final WSP effluent. The particular research emphasis was on the removal of problematic algal and zooplankton biomass from WSP effluent prior to Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration (DAF/F) treatment and wastewater reuse at the Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) north of Adelaide. The in situ WSP upgrade systems assessed in this thesis were: the native floating plant ‘Duckweed’ (DW); ‘Rock Filters’ (RFs); and an artificial ‘Attached-Growth Media’ (AGM); all of which were assessed for their relative treatment efficacies parallel to a non-interventional ‘Open Pond’ (OP) system which served as an effective control. These performance comparisons were assessed on a pilot-scale using a custom made pilot treatment plant which was located at the Bolivar WWTP. Performance monitoring was periodically carried out over a 12 month period from July 2005–August 2006, with algal and zooplankton populations monitored in addition to the more conventional wastewater quality parameters. Results from pilot plant investigations demonstrated that of the four pilot upgrade series, the RF and AGM systems displayed the greatest treatment potential in terms of both the magnitude and reliability of suspended solids, algal and zooplankton biomass removals. The DW system was also shown to be at least as effective and in some instances significantly more advanced than the uncovered OP system in terms of its ability to significantly improve the final effluent quality of the Bolivar WSPs. Both the RF and AGM upgrades (and to a lesser degree also the DW system) were found to offer considerable potential for producing a higher quality WSP effluent for more efficient processing by the Bolivar DAF/F plant; although there were various operational advantages and disadvantages as well as varying capital establishment costs associated with each of the candidate technologies. This part of the research represented the first direct performance comparison between two popular pond upgrade technologies (i.e. RFs and DW) and also constituted the first assessment of a novel AGM for the upgrading of tertiary-level WSP effluent. In addition to this, results from ecological performance monitoring also provided the first detailed insights into algal and zooplankton population dynamics within these WSP upgrade environments. In addition to these pilot-scale WSP upgrade performance investigations, another branch of the research project investigated additional research questions regarding the survival of algal cells within these pond upgrade environments. A series of laboratory experiments attempted to recreate the in situ conditions (in terms of light and oxygen availability) that might exist within the adopted upgrade environments. Using two common WSP algal species, long-term monitoring of the physiological status of phytoplankton cells during prolonged dark-exposure under conditions of reduced oxygen availability was performed in order to assess the likely effects of these particular environmental conditions on their survival potential in situ. Results from these laboratory-based experiments showed that both algal species were capable of quickly adjusting their cellular metabolism in response to dark incubation. Results also showed that a reduced environmental oxygen concentration (25% of saturation) had no bearing on the ability of either Chlorella or Chlamydomonas species to withstand long-term dark-exposure; with both species retaining what was essentially full biological viability following up to two months of continuous dark-exposure. In an applied context, these results suggested that subjecting algal cells to conditions of simultaneous darkness and reduced oxygen availability would be expected to have no significant adverse effects on algal survivorship within an advanced in-pond upgrade system such as a duckweed-covered WSP, a rock filter or an AGM system.

Xanthates, key compounds used in the mining industry for the separation of metals from ores, may have a significant impact on the ecosystems once discarded into the tailings. The aims of this study were to : characterize chemical and microbiological conditions in a tailings lagoon (Brown Creek gold mine); examine the feasability of using indigenous bacteria to degrade xanthate under laboratory conditions; and, optimize the biodegradation process by employing biofilm technology and plant-microbe associations. To achieve these, a simple but accurate HPLC method was developed. The chemical and biological constitution of the tailings lagoon was monitored over a 2 year period from March 1995 to February 1997. Xanthate degradative performance was improved by Phragmites australis and its root associated bacterial community. Cumulative amounts of xanthate degraded by this plant-microbe association were significantly higher than any other treatment, specifically glass-attached and free-living bacterial populations. An increased bacterial number in the extensively developed root, the presence of extracellular layer as revealed from scanning electron microscope and significance of plant removal via uptake were thought to be the possible explanations for the enhanced biodegradation activity observed. In view of the above, use of glass-attached bacteria and plant-microbe associations might provide a feasible solution to degrade xanthate in the tailings lagoon. The results obtained from this study suggest that the plant-microbe associations could provide a cost effective method to degrade/remove xanthate from the tailings lagoon runoff. This approach offers several ecological advantages. Firstly, it offers the advantage of a solar-powered treatment system that is aesthetically pleasing. Secondly, bioremediation can be done on site, thereby eliminating waste transportation costs. Finally, it has the added attraction of a higher potential for public acceptance / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

As people’s lifestyle is changing and the cloud computing environment is spreading into our everyday life, more people want to create their own multimedia contents. Therefore, people need connection, interaction and larger storage space. On the other hand, technology is pursuing lean and reasonable capacity of storage. Even though NAS is not a new product concept, consumer’s recognition level of NAS is still low. The most important thing for the success of NAS is to enhance the market recognition first. To do so, a new type of marketing approach is needed which is different from the conventional one.

This paper presents the theory of Secondary Representation of modules over a commutative ring and their Attached Primes; introduced in 1973 by I. MacDonald as a dual to the important theory of associated primes and primary decomposition in commutative algebra. The paper explores many of the basic aspects of the theory of primary decomposition and associated primes of modules in the hopes to delineate and motivate the construction of a secondary representation, when possible. The thesis discusses the results of the uniqueness of representable modules and their attached primes, and, in particular, the existence of a secondary representation for Artinian modules. It concludes with some interesting examples of both secondary and representable modules, highlighting the consequences of the results thus established.

IP-surveillance systems are surveillance systems designed to send video and audio over IP-networks, to be able to function a typical system consist of IP-cameras to record footage, a client to view footage and recordings, network hardware to send the data, protocols to administer storage and viewing operations and last but not least a location to store the captured data. One of the options for storing surveillance video is to use a Network Attached Storage. Axis has received customer cases reporting lost footage and cameras losing their connection when using NAS-devices as storage in IP-surveillance systems. This thesis aims to investigate what a NAS is and how it interacts with cameras in an IP-surveillance environment by analyzing the protocols and components being used and by performing experiments to locate the system bottleneck causing these problems. After concluding that the hard disk drive was the bottleneck because of the overload imposed on the other components by the incoming data traffic and how data is moved and temporarily stored in a system. Recommendations of possible ways to remedy these problems were suggested with the proposed problem of solving the bottleneck problem was to add more disks to improve performance, this was the second aim of the thesis, which sadly was not possible because of the 2-bay NAS systems being used in the tests. The third and final aim was to establish and develop method guidelines for testing NAS-systems. This was done by using previous research in the area and using data encountered when trying to locate the bottleneck.