Resumo: Os atributos físicos, químicos e de produção apresentam dependência espacial, e a distribuição dos mesmos é dependente do relevo. O mapeamento da distribuição espacial dos atributos físicos, químicos e de produtividade permite identificar zonas de manejo específico da cultura do café. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos, identificando e mapeando zona de manejo específico, para predizer a produtividade do café, com base nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O solo da área de estudo foi classificado como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. A área produziu, exclusivamente, café nos últimos 18 anos e, atualmente, está plantada a variedade Coffea arabica (Catuaí), com espaçamento de 4,0 x 0,75 m. Na área escolhida, com representatividade fisiográfica regional, estabeleceu-se uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 50 m, perfazendo um total de 145 pontos nos 31,7 hectares. Em cada ponto do cruzamento desta malha, foram retiradas amostras de solo, nas profundidades de 0,0 - 0,20 m e 0,20 - 0,40 m, para a avaliação dos atributos físicos, granulométricos e químicos do solo. Uma unidade amostral composta por nove plantas foi construída em cada ponto amostral para a coleta dos atributos qualitativos e quantitativos do rendimento da cultura (produção, porcentagens de grãos nas peneiras 16; 17; 18 e do tipo de bebida). A área de estudo foi intensamente amostrada para a avaliação da espessura do solun, realizando tradagens profundas por meio das quais se estabeleceu o limite de 1,6 m para presença de cascalho, o que permitiu a divisão da área em dois compartimentos. Efetuou-se a análise estatística, geoestatística e multivariada para a análise dos dados. Todos os atributos físicos estudados, nas duas profundidades, apresentaram dependência espacial. Pequenas variações nas formas do relevo condicionaram variabilidade ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico) / Abstract: The physical, chemical and production attributes present spatial dependence and the distribution of the same ones is dependent of the relief. The mapping of the spatial distribution of the physical, chemical and productivity helps to identify areas of specific management of the coffee crop. The objective of this study work was to evaluate the space variability of the physical attributes identifying and mapping area of specific handing to predict the productivity of the coffee with base in the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. The soil of the study area was classified as Oxisol. The area produces exclusively coffee in the last 18 years, and is currently planted the variety Coffea Arabic (Catuaí) with spacing of 4.0 x 0.75 m. In the chosen area, with regional physiographic representativeness, a grid was established, with regular intervals of 50 m, making a total of 145 points on 31.7 hectares. In each point of the crossing of this grid, soil sample were taken in the depths of 0.0 - 0.20 m and 0.20 - 0.40 m, for the evaluation of physical, granulometric and chemical attributes. A sample unit consistes of nine plants were built at each sample point for collection of qualitative and quantitative attributes of yield (production, percentage of grain in the sieves 16, 17, 18 and the type of drink). The study area was intensively sampled to assess the thickness of solun, which established the limit of 1.6 m for the presence of gravel which allowed the division of the area into two compartments. Was made the statistical analysis, geostatistical and multivariate data analysis. All physical attributes studied at both depths, showed spatial dependence. Small variations in the forms of the relief conditioned differentiated variability of these attributes. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the study of variance of soil attributes can be summarized in the study of only a few ... (Complete abstract click access below) / Orientador: José Marques Júnior / Coorientador: Gener Tadeu Pereira / Banca: André Luis Teixeira Fernandes / Banca: Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_og_me_ilha.pdf: 1147085 bytes, checksum: 760abfdfcc8ed39b27be8e58f2179b69 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com a produção de papel e celulose as indústrias do setor têm gerado diariamente grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos e efluentes, constituindo-se em uma grande preocupação ambiental e econômica. No intuito de retornar com estes subprodutos de forma sustentável à natureza, esse trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficácia de um resíduo orgânico advindo da indústria de papel e celulose quanto a sua influência sobre os atributos químicos e físicos do solo e desenvolvimento de plantas arbóreas. O experimento foi implantado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico no município de Selvíria, MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, onde se avaliou o clone Eucalyptus spp. e a espécie nativa Mabea fistulifera com cinco tratamentos: sem adubação (controle), adubação mineral, 10 t ha -1, 15 t ha-1 e 20 t ha-1 do resíduo celulósico. Nas camadas de solo de 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m avaliaram-se os atributos químicos: MO, pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, H + Al, Al e calculou-se a SB, CTC e V%; e os atributos físicos: macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados em água, resistência do solo à penetração e infiltração de água. Para as características dendrométricas das plantas foram avaliados: altura média de plantas, diâmetro do caule na superfície do solo (DSS) e diâmetro médio das copas (DMC) trimensalmente, até os 21 meses. Para a cultura do eucalipto, também foram determinados o diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), o volume de madeira e o incremento médio anual do volume de madeira aos 21 meses. Os resultados foram analisados aplicando-se a comparação entre médias, contrastes e análise de regressão. Concluiu-se que o uso de resíduo celulósico influenciou os atributos do solo estudado, principalmente nas camadas superficiais do solo... / A large amount of solid waste and effluents have been daily generated by industries due to the cellulose and paper production, becoming a major environmental and economic concern. In order to return with these by-products in a sustainable way to nature, the aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of an organic waste from cellulose and paper industry as its influence on soil chemical attributes and development of eucalyptus plants. The experiment was implanted in an Oxisol in the city of Selvíria, MS, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, which evaluated Eucalyptus spp. and and the native species Mabea fistulifera with five treatments: no fertilization (control), mineral fertilizers, 10 t ha -1, 15 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 of cellulosic residue. In the soil layers of 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10 – 0,20 and 0,20 – 0,40 m, were evaluated: organic matter, pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+AL, Al and calculated the sum of bases, CEC and base saturation, and physical attributes: macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density, aggregate stability in water, soil resistance to penetration and water infiltration. For the plants dendrometric characteristics were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter at the soil surface and diameter of the crown quarterly, up to 21 months. For the cultivation of eucalyptus the diameter at breast height, the volume of wood and the average of the annual increment of timber volume were also determined. The results were analyzed by comparison of means, contrasts and regression analysis. In conclusion, the use of cellulosic waste influence the soil characteristics studied mainly in the surface layers of soil (0-0,10 m), negatively macroporosity and infiltration of water to the cultivation of eucalyptus and stabilit y of aggregates M. fistulifera. For the chemical increased the contents of Ca, Mg, SB and CEC of the soil for eucalyptus... (Complete abstract click electronic acces

No presente estudo perseguimos os seguintes objetivos: a) caracterizar o grau de degradação física e química de solos usados em cultivo agrícola por várias décadas, originalmente cobertos por Mata Atlântica (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual) em Botucatu, SP; b) avaliar as alterações biológicas destes solos ao longo de 16 meses pós-reflorestamento com diferentes modelos de associação de espécies da Mata Atlântica. As áreas experimentais estavam localizadas em duas propriedades (Fazenda Lageado e Edgardia) da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP) em Botucatu-SP. O clima da região é do tipo tropical com inverno seco (Cwa, classif. de Köppen). Os solos das áreas experimentais são os seguintes: um Nitossolo Vermelho (NV) de textura argilosa; um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (AVA) álico, de textura areia-franca; e um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) álico, de textura arenosa. Seis tratamentos (delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições) foram usados: Testemunha; Semeadura Direta; Taungya; Consorciação; Restauração e, por fim, Fragmentos Florestais. Os atributos físicos (textura, densidade e porosidade) foram avaliados nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm, os atributos químicos (pH, MO, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, H, Al, CTC, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm e os atributos biológicos (C da biomassa microbiana, liberação de CO2 e mineralização de N) nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-20cm. No NV, o teor de argila no solo degradado foi 57% maior do que o obtido no solo sob o Fragmento Florestal (camada 0-10cm), no AVA, 33% maior e, no LVA, 77% menor. Este efeito, no NV e AVA, foi atribuído à remoção de camadas superiores do solo, mais arenosas, pela erosão e exposição das camadas inferiores mais argilosas. No LVA, o menor teor de argila e silte no solo degradado foiatribuído à perda destas frações por eluviação ou em suspensão na enxurrada. O pH, teor de MO, de P e de Ca nos solos NV e LVA foram bem superiores nos Fragmentos Florestais relativamente aos obtidos nas áreas com solos degradados. Diferenças menos acentuadas foram observadas no AVA, como também detectadas para a composição textural, indicando que este solo está menos degradado que os demais. A CTC dos solos mostrou-se altamente correlacionada com os teores de argila e de MO. Isto destaca a importância da preservação da composição granulométrica e elevação dos teores de MO com o intuito de restaurar importantes propriedades físico-químicas do solo, como a CTC. Em áreas com cobertura florestal (Fragmentos Florestais do NV, AVA e LVA), o C da biomassa microbiana apresenta maiores valores na camada superficial e no verão. Fato atribuído a condições mais favoráveis (MO, pH, umidade, temperatura, etc) à manutenção da vida microbiana no solo. O C da biomassa microbiana e, em menor escala, a liberação de CO2 apresentaram-se como bons indicadores das alterações ocorridas após o reflorestamento com as diferentes associações de espécies. No LVA, como o solo desta área se apresenta mais degradado, em relação ao NV e ao AVA, a alta correlação e relação C microbiano/C orgânico indica que a biomassa microbiana é um importante compartimento de reserva do C orgânico do solo. Quanto aos atributos biológicos, as diferenças entre os Fragmentos Florestais e os demais tratamentos continuam a existir nas três áreas e camadas, devendo ser gradativo o retorno desses atributos à condição pré-existente; ademais, o tempo de retorno sofrerá influência das condições edafoclimáticas da área e da associação de espécies presentes. / This study seeks to: a) characterize the degree of physical and chemical degradation of the soils used in agricultural cultivation for several decades, originally covered by the Atlantic Forest (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) in Botucatu, SP; b) evaluate the biological changes of these soils along a 16-month post-reforestation with different models of species association of the Atlantic Forest. The experimental areas were located in two properties (Fazenda Lageado and Edgardia) of the Agronomic Sciences College (FCA/UNESP) in Botucatu-SP. The climate in that region is the tropical type with dry winter (Cwa, Köppen class.). The soils of the experimental areas are: clayey Red Nitosol (NV), loamy alic Red-Yellow Argisol (AVA), and sandy alic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA). Six treatments (randomized block design with three replications) were used: Test; Direct Seeding; Taungya; Consortium; Restoration and finally Forestal Fragments. The physical attributes (texture, density and porosity) were evaluated in layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm; the chemical attributes (pH, MO, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, H, Al, CTC, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm and the biological attributes (Microbial biomass C, CO2 release and N mineralization) in layers of 0-5 and 5-20cm. The clay content in the degraded soil in NV was 57% higher than that obtained in soil under Forest Fragment (0-10cm layer), 33% higher in AVA, and 77% lower in LVA. This effect in NV and AVA was accredited to the removal of the soil top layers, which are sandier due to the erosion and exposition of the lower layers that are more clayey. In LVA the lowest clay and silt content in the degraded soil was accredited to the loss of these fractions by eluviation or flood suspension. The pH, MO, P and Ca contents in NV and LVA soils were much higher in Forestal iv Fragments regarding those reached in degraded soil areas. The less marking differences were observed in AVA and also detected for the textural composition, thus indicating that this soil is less degraded than the other ones. The CTC of the soils was highly correlated with the clay and MO contents. That highlights the importance of preserving the granulometric composition and elevation of the MO contents in order to restore important physical-chemical soil properties, such as the CTC. In primary forest areas (NV, AVA and LVA Forestal Fragments), the microbial biomass C presents higher values at the top layer and in the summer, a fact accredited to more favorable conditions (MO, pH, moisture, temperature, etc) for the maintenance of the microbial life in the soil. The microbial biomass C and, in a lesser scale, the CO2 release were good indicators of the changes occurred after the reforestation with the different species associations. In the LVA, since the soil of this area is more degraded in relationship to NV and AVA, the high correlation and microbial C/organic C relationship indicate that the microbial biomass is an important reserve compartment of the soil organic C. As to the biological attributes, the differences between the Forestal Fragments and the remaining treatments still exist in the three areas and layers, and the return to the pre-existing attributes is likely to be gradual; moreover, the time of return should undergo influences of the pedoclimatic conditions of the area and of the association of the present species.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The sustainability of vegetable oils production is in the dependence of the agricultural practices, being the erosion the most preoccupying form of soil degradation. In this way, was carried out a study in the UFSM campus, city of Santa Maria, between October of 2007 and October of 2009, with the objective to evaluate the soil and water losses by water erosion in systems of rotation of oleaginous crops and covering plants. The region climate is "Cfa" type, with 1686 mm annual medium precipitation. The soil with steepness of 6.5% is classified as Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. The experimental unit is constituted of plots with dimensions of 3 m of width and 15 m of length. The experimental design is entirely random, with two repetitions. The treatments consist of three rotations: R1 (soybean, black oat/vetch, castor bean/peanut and canola), R2 (castor bean/peanut, oilseed radish, sunflower and black oat/vetch) and R3 (sunflower, canola, soybean and oilseed radish). Was determined the dry mass yield of summer and winter crops, and the grains yield of the oleaginous summer crops. Was done the sampling and measurement of runoff of each rain, being the soil and water losses calculated using the software Excel. The results of soil losses were expressed in kg ha-1 and the water losses in percent in relation to the rain. The erosivity index (EI30, MJ mm ha-1 h-1) was determined with the software Chuveros, from which was obtained the accumulated erosivity for each period of the crops. Was also proceeded the physical characterization (Dp, Ds, Pt, macro and microporosity, DMG, DMP and distribution of the aggregates size in water), in the depths of 0-8 and 8-16 cm, and chemistry (organic matter, macro and micronutrients) in the depths of 0-5 and 5-20 cm. To the obtained values, the test of Tukey was applied for comparison of the treatments averages. It is observed that canola, when compared to others wintrer crops, showed a significant decrease in dry mass in 2008 winter (R3) and also in winter of 2009 (R1). It is verified that are greater the productivity of grains of the crops of R2 (summer 2007/06) and R1 (summer 2008/09), both constituted by the consortium among castor bean/peanut, elevating significantly the total of grains produced in this consortium, comparing to single crop of soybean and sunflower. It is verified in 2009, a tendency of decrease of Ds, DMP and larger aggregates, favoring the minor classes. The alterations in the chemical characteristics can be attributed to the application of lime and the modifications in the tenors of organic matter that happen in depth. The soil and water losses increase in the measure in that it decreases to dry mass added by the crops. Even if is considered R3, where it was obtained the largest soil losses (4641 kg ha-1) and water (23.33%), it is observed that the values obtained in this work are low. Soybean and sunflower grain yield is significantly smaller than the consortiated castor bean and peanut crops. / A sustentabilidade da produção de oleaginosas está na dependência das práticas agrícolas, sendo a erosão a mais preocupante forma de degradação do solo. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se um estudo no campus da UFSM, cidade de Santa Maria, entre outubro de 2007 e outubro de 2009, com o objetivo de avaliar as perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica em sistemas de rotação de culturas oleaginosas e plantas de cobertura. O clima da região é do tipo Cfa , com precipitação média anual de 1686 mm. O solo com declividade de 6,5% é classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico arênico. A unidade experimental constitui-se de uma parcela com dimensões de 3 m de largura e 15 m de comprimento. O delineamento experimental é inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições. Os tratamentos consistem de três rotações: R1 (soja, aveia preta + ervilhaca, mamona + amendoim e canola), R2 (mamona + amendoim, nabo, girassol e aveia preta + ervilhaca) e R3 (girassol, canola, soja e nabo). Determinouse o rendimento da massa seca das culturas de verão e inverno, e a produção de grãos das culturas oleaginosas de verão. Realizou-se a amostragem e medição da enxurrada de cada chuva, sendo as perdas de solo e água calculadas, utilizando-se o programa computacional Excel. Os resultados de perdas de solo foram expressos em kg ha-1 e as perdas de água em % em relação à chuva. O índice de erosividade (EI30, MJ mm ha-1 h-1), foi determinado pelo programa Chuveros, a partir do qual se obteve a erosividade acumulada para cada período das culturas. Procedeu-se também a caracterização física (Dp, Ds, Pt, macro e microporosidade, DMG, DMP e distribuição do tamanho dos agregados em água), nas profundidades de 0-8 e 8-16 cm, e química (MO, macro e micronutrientes) nas profundidades de 0-5 e 5-20 cm. Aos valores obtidos, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey para comparação das médias dos tratamentos. Observa-se que a canola, quando comparada às demais culturas de inverno, apresenta uma redução significativa da MS no inverno de 2008 (R3) e também no inverno de 2009 (R1). Verifica-se que são superiores à produtividade de grãos das culturas da R2 (verão 2007/06) e R1 (verão 2008/09), ambas constituídas pelo consórcio entre mamona + amendoim, elevando significativamente o total de grãos produzido neste consórcio. Verifica-se em 2009, uma tendência de diminuição da Ds, DMP e agregados de maior tamanho, favorecendo as classes de menor tamanho. As alterações nas características químicas podem ser atribuídas à aplicação de corretivos e as modificações nos teores de MO que ocorrem em profundidade. As perdas de solo e água aumentam na medida em que diminui a MS adicionada pelas culturas. Mesmo que se considere a R3, onde se obteve as maiores perdas de solo (4641 kg ha-1) e água (23,33%), observa-se que os valores obtidos neste trabalho são baixos. A produção de grãos da soja e do girassol é significativamente menor que o cultivo consorciado da mamona com o amendoim.

Gamification is a concept that is gaining significant recognition in the field of business administration in general and marketing in particular. Gamification has been gaining the interest of researchers recently with mostof the studies being conducted during the last three years. Gamification presents an opportunity for businesses to gain consumers’ attention and engagement through different aspects and elements of it. Organizations such as Pinchos, the restaurant have utilized those gaming elements in order to grow their revenues and keep the customers engaged while ordering food. Despite the exponential growth of gamification in the business world, studies on its marketing effectiveness and the influence of its elementsare lacking.To fill this gapin the literature, this researchaims to gain a deeper understanding of gamification and its different elements, byfocusingon the utilization of gamification as a digital marketing tool to enhance customer loyalty and retention in retail store setting. Therefore, this researchaimsfirst to identify all the factorsaffecting store choice. Second, identify and examine the different factors affecting retail store loyalty. Finally, the differentelements of gamificationare identifiedand their effect on loyalty are studied.In order to fulfil thepurpose of the studywe have collaborated with ChildrensHouse, a retail toy store located in Umea, Sweden, in order to gain insights from current and potential customers. A quantitative study was conducted,and the sample population chosen was generation Y parents, due to their digital literacy. To add a degree of credibility to the research, a short interview with Simon, the owner of ChildrensHouse, was conducted in order to gain managerial insights as well.The main conclusions of this research include,the different factors affecting retail toy store choices which were: store attributes, product attributesand demographics; the factors influencing loyaltywhich were: interpersonal communications, impersonal communications, direct experience, distance, value for moneyand engagement in gamified applications. Finally, the research results indicate that gamification when utilized as an engagement application will enhance customer retention and store loyalty.

Orientador: Morel de Passos e Carvalho / Banca: Ednaldo Carvalho Guimarães / Banca: José Augusto de Lollo / Resumo: O conhecimento dos atributos do solo, principalmente aqueles relacionados com sua distribuição granulométrica, tem grande influência na produtividade vegetal. No ano agrícola de 2002/2003 foram analisados atributos da planta e do solo: produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro (PG), produtividade de palha (PP), teor de argila (ARG), de silte (SIL) e de areia (ARE) de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico sob plantio direto, do Campus Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP (Ilha Solteira/SP - Brasil: latitude 20°18’S; longitude 52°39’W). O objetivo foi analisar a variabilidade dos atributos pesquisados, de forma a caracterizar suas dependências espaciais, e as correlações, linear e espacial, entre eles. Foi instalada uma malha experimental para a coleta dos dados estabelecida com espaçamento de 10 x 10 m, contendo 135 pontos amostrais distribuídos numa área de 8000 m2. A variabilidade dos dados foi baixa para a ARG, média para o SIL e ARE, e alta para a PP e PG. A maioria apresentou moderada dependência espacial, com alcances entre 19,8 m (SIL) e 103,1 m (ARE), e de 29,8 m para a PG. Foi observada uma evidente correlação espacial entre todos os que apresentaram, dois a dois, os maiores coeficientes de correlação. Entretanto, entre aqueles que apresentaram os menores, os dados sugeriram, em alguns casos, haver uma moderada correlação espacial. / Abstract: The knowledge of the soil attributes, mainly those related with its particle-size diameter, has great influence on the vegetal productivity. In the agricultural year of 2002/2003 attributes of the plant and soil had been analyzed: grain productivity of common bean (GP), straw productivity (SP), clay content (CL), silt (SI) and of sand (SA) of a Red Latosol under no-tillage, pertainning to Experimental Station of Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP (Ilha Solteira/SP - Brazil: 20º18' Latitude S; 52º39' Longitude W). The objective was to analyze the variability of the researched attributes to characterize its spatial dependences. Also, to study the correlations, linear and spatial, between them. An experimental grid for the collection of the data was installed, established with distance of 10 x 10 m, contends 135 points shows in an area of 8000 m2. The data variability was low for the CL, medium for the SI and SA, and high for SP and GP. The majority then presented moderate spatial dependence, with ranges between 19.8 m (SI) and 103.1 m (SA), and of 29.8 m for the GP. An evident spatial correlation was observed between all the ones that had presented, two to two, the biggest correlation coefficients. However, between the ones minors, the data had suggested, in some cases, to have an moderate spatial correlation. / Mestre

Software as a service (SaaS) är en affärsmodell som syftar till att användaren prenumererar på en mjukvara Mjukvaran levereras över internet vilket medför att användaren inte behöver tänka på mjukvaruuppdateringar och driftunderhåll av servrar. Churn innebär att användaren avslutar sin prenumeration hos ett företag och därmed slutar vara kund. Förvärv av nya kunder är en dyr process, som kan kosta upp till fem gånger mer än att sälja till en redan befintlig kund. Tidigare forskning inom churn har främst varit koncentrerad till telekombolag. Undersökningar har specialiserats på maskininlärningsmetoder för att studera churn. Tidigare studier beskriver att det finns begränsad forskning för churn inom SaaS-företag med B2B kunder. De studier som har undersökt churn har främst varit fallstudier där olika kundattribut har studerats utifrån generella- och beteendekundattribut. Studien har i samarbete med ett SaaS-företag undersökt flera kundattribut på ett lönehanteringssystem. Syftet har varit att undersöka vilka kundattribut som är intressanta att ta ut statistik på när churn studeras. Ovanstående ska medföra att det studerade företaget kan införskaffa insikter och arbeta mer med datadrivna beslut. För att förstå vilka kunder som väljer att avsluta sin prenumeration behövs data samlas in om kunderna. En kvantitativ fallstudie utfördes genom att undersöka flera kundattribut hos de kunder som har churnat. Undersökningen utfördes med modellen CRISP-DM för att genomföra dataanalysen på ett systematiskt tillvägagångsätt. Undersökningen studerade kundattribut utifrån variablerna generella- och beteendekundattribut. Dataanalysen genomfördes med hjälp av Python-kod och resultatet presenterades med grafer och tabeller. Studiens resultat visade att vissa värden på följande kundattribut var överrepresenterade vid churn: Kundtyper, Bolagsform, Antal Anställda, Licenser, Antal skickade specifikationer och inloggning. Tidigare forskning har undersökt olika kundattribut och funnit att de kan behöva anpassas för det studerade företaget. / Software as a service (SaaS) is a business model that aims the user to subscribe to a software. The software is delivered over the internet, which means that the user does not have to consider updates and operational maintenance of servers. Churn means that the user cancels his subscription with a company and thereby stops to be a customer. Acquiring new customers is an expensive process, which can cost up to five times more than selling to an existing customer. Previous research in churn has mainly been concentrated in the telecommunications industry. In the mentioned area, churn has long been a problem for companies. Research has concentrated on machine learning methods for studying churn. Previous research describes that there are limited studies in churn with SaaS as a business model. Studies about churn have mainly been case studies where different attributes have been studied based on general and behavioral customer attributes. This study has in collaboration with a SaaS company, examined several customer attributes on a salary management program. The purpose has been to investigate which customer attributes that are interesting to collect statistics when churn is studied. This should enable that the studied company can acquire insights and work more with data-driven decisions. To understand which customers that unsubscribe, data needs to be collected about the customers. A quantitative case study was performed by examining several customer attributes of the customers who have churned. The survey was carried out with the CRISP-DM model to accomplish the data analysis in a systematic approach. The survey studied customer attributes based on the variables general and behavioral customer attributes. The data analysis was performed using Python code and the results were presented with graphs and tables. The results of the study showed that certain values of the following customer attributes were overrepresented in churn: Customer types, Business type, Number of Employees, Licenses, Number of specifications sent and Login. Previous research has examined various customer attributes and found that they may need to be adapted for the studied company.

This thesis deals with digital identity wallets as digital identification means, through a legal and technical perspective, within the field of legal informatics. The 3rd of July 2021 the European Commission presented a proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing a framework for a European Digital identity, also known as the eIDAS II-regulation. The eIDAS II-regulation is at this moment being negotiated on EU-level and has not yet been adopted. In the eIDAS II-regulation the digital identity wallets were presented. These wallets en-able citizens and other residents to authenticate, and share electronic documents and identification data, with a relying party. The purpose of the digital identity wallets is to create a harmonized identification solution that will function within all member states of the EU. The thesis will concentrate on the relationship between the legal aspects of the eIDAS II-regulation and the technical solutions presented in the regulation. The eIDAS II-regulation covers a vast variety of legal and technical solutions, however the thesis will only focus on the electronic identification, authentication, and the sharing of electronic documents through the wallet. Furthermore, the thesis will analyse which data can be stored in the wallet according to the eIDAS II-regulation and what legal and technical solutions are proposed to enable shar-ing, and controlling the accuracy, of the data. The relationship between eIDAS II-regulation and GDPR will be discussed and analysed in the end of the thesis. This discussion gives the reader an understanding of how the regulations will integrate with each other and how eIDAS II-regulation is affected by the GDPR. The conclusion of the thesis is that the eIDAS II-regulation, thus the digital identity wallets, is a step in the right direction to create a harmonized regulation for digital identities, however there are certain legal problems that should be ad-dressed to make the digital identity wallets a secure and user-friendly solution. These legal problems with the digital identity wallets could be solved with the right technical specifications. Some of these technical specifications will be pre-sented and discussed in the thesis.

No description available.

Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil.)--University of South Africa, 2002.