Zugl.: Rostock, Univ., Diss., 2009

Swiss-German director Dani Levy uses humor to explore recent German history in his films "Alles auf Zucker" (2004) and "Mein Führer: Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler" (2007). In a move unusual for German-speaking film directors, Levy pokes fun at Adolf Hitler and his regime in "Mein Führer." Levy also plays with the tension among formerly estranged members of a Jewish family in "Alles auf Zucker" to create a metaphor for the strained relations in reunified Germany.This project explores how Levy uses humor to break taboos in contemporary German society and prompt audiences through humor to critical debate about recent German history and its implications for contemporary and future society. This analysis is important to the German-speaking world and global audiences because Levy's work begs viewers to ponder what they can laugh at, who is allowed to make jokes, and how comedy can promote debate about societal norms and taboos.

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The world’s appetite for energy is producing growing quantities of CO2, a pollutant that contributes to the warming of the planet and which currently cannot be removed or stored in any significant way. Other natural reserves are also being devoured at alarming rates and current assessments suggest that we will need to identify alternative sources in the near future. With the aid of materials chemistry it should be possible to create a world in which energy use needs not be limited and where usable energy can be produced and stored wherever it is needed, where we can minimize and remediate emissions as new consumer products are created, whilst healing the planet and preventing further disruptive and harmful depletion of valuable mineral assets. In achieving these aims, the creation of new and very importantly greener industries and new sustainable pathways are crucial. In all of the aforementioned applications, new materials based on carbon, ideally produced via inexpensive, low energy consumption methods, using renewable resources as precursors, with flexible morphologies, pore structures and functionalities, are increasingly viewed as ideal candidates to fulfill these goals. The resulting materials should be a feasible solution for the efficient storage of energy and gases. At the end of life, such materials ideally must act to improve soil quality and to act as potential CO2 storage sinks. This is exactly the subject of this habilitation thesis: an alternative technology to produce carbon materials from biomass in water using low carbonisation temperatures and self-generated pressures. This technology is called hydrothermal carbonisation. It has been developed during the past five years by a group of young and talented researchers working under the supervision of Dr. Titirici at the Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces and it is now a well-recognised methodology to produce carbon materials with important application in our daily lives. These applications include electrodes for portable electronic devices, filters for water purification, catalysts for the production of important chemicals as well as drug delivery systems and sensors. / Der stets wachsende globale Energiebedarf führt zu immer weiter zunehmenden Emissionen von Kohlenstoffdioxid, einem umweltschädlichen Gas, das als eines der Hauptprobleme im weltweiten Klimawandel darstellt. Bislang ist es jedoch nicht möglich, dieses Kohlenstoffdioxid in sinnvoller Weise zu verwerten oder einzulagern. Zudem existieren weitere Probleme in der globalen Energieversorgung, da viele natürlich vorkommende Rohstoffe sehr schnell ausgebeutet werden, so dass in naher Zukunft dringend alternative Energiequellen gefunden werden müssen, um den aktuellen Problemen zu begegnen. Der Wissenschaftszweig der Materialchemie zielt in diesem Zusammenhang darauf ab, dazu beizutragen, die bestehende Energieinfrastruktur nachhaltig zu verändern. Dabei stehen verschiedene Aspekte im Vordergrund: Energie sollte in allen gewünschten Mengen jederzeit verfügbar und auch speicherbar sein. Zudem sollte ihre Erzeugung ohne umweltschädliche Abfallprodukte ablaufen. Tiefgreifende Eingriffe in die Umwelt, v.a. durch den übermäßigen Abbau von Rohstoffen, sollte nicht mehr erforderlich sein. Auf diese Weise können die Folgen des bisherigen Klimawandels eingedämmt werden und neue Schäden an der Umwelt vermieden werden. Neue, grüne Industrie- und Energieprozesse schützen hier also nachhaltig den Planeten. Bei der Forschung an nachhaltigen Formen der Energieversorgung beschäftigen sich Materialchemiker in mannigfaltiger Weise mit Kohlenstoffmaterialien. Diese sollten idealerweise kostengünstig und ohne hohen Energiebedarf produziert werden können. Am vielversprechendsten sind Materialien, die eine flexibel gestaltbare Morphologie besitzen, d.h. die besondere strukturelle Eigenschaften besitzen, wie z.B. Porosität oder chemisch veränderte und damit funktionale Oberflächen. Idealerweise sollten solche neu entwickelten Materialien nicht nur als Speicher von Energie oder Energieträgern dienen, sondern auch nach ihrer Lebensdauer als funktionales Material zur Verbesserung der Bodenqualität eingesetzt werden können und dort noch weiter als potentielle Senke für Kohlenstoffdioxid dienen können. Die zuvor beschriebenen Themen und Probleme stellen den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift dar: die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Herstellung von Kohlenstoffmaterialien aus Biomasse in Wasser bei geringen Temperaturen. Dabei handelt es sich um die sogenannte hydrothermale Karbonisierung, die in den letzten fünf Jahren von einer Gruppe junger, talentierter Wissenschaftler unter der Anleitung von Frau Dr. Titirici am Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung erarbeitet und weiterentwickelt wurde zu einer heutzutage anerkannten und verbreiteten Methode. Zudem wurden die über diesen Weg gewonnenen Materialien erfolgreich in zahlreichen, für den Alltag wichtigen Anwendungen eingesetzt, so z.B. als Elektroden in tragbaren elektronischen Geräten, als Filtermaterialien für die Aufreinigung kontaminierten Wassers, als Katalysatoren für wichtige chemische Reaktionen, als Trägermaterial für Arzneimittel und als Sensoren.

To date, the subject of disability has been highly disregarded in Germany’s academia. In the field of Arts, the topic is a derivative. This thesis makes a contribution to the discipline of Disability Studies and approaches the problematic from the field of German Studies. The analysis focuses on the sensory disabilities deafness and blindness and its depiction in the movies Jenseits der Stille und Erbsen auf Halb Sechs. The goal of this paper is to attract notice to the ways of representation of disability in German media in general. On the one hand, film reflects generally accepted public attitudes. But since film is a mass media, it has the potency to alter and question the communal opinion on the other hand. Thus, it can change society’s mindset about people with disability. Furthermore, this paper points out the different starting points for further liberal arts oriented approaches for investigations of disability in the media. However, the film analysis is based on two theses. The first one claims that the focus in the representation of people with disability does not concentrate on the human beings. On the contrary, it rather concentrates on the disability itself and the consequences that spring of it. The second thesis pursues this thought and says that the movies not only focus on the depiction of disability. In fact the disabled figures define themselves by their handicap and, in return, are defined by their physical aberrance by their social surroundings, which is foremost not disabled. Thereby, the disability forms an almost insuperable interpersonal obstacle. The analysis of the two movies is done along three research questions. The first one concerns the connection of physical handicap and the way people with disability think and act in relation to their surroundings and life in general. The second question is what factors, like gender, social class, or age, are crucial in self- and external perception, and therefore, in the formation of identity. The last investigation concentrates on the special abilities of people with disability, and scrutinizes if the aptitudes serve as compensations for their disabilities. The basis of this paper is Michel Foucault’s theory of mechanisms of societal exclusion, and the construction of categories such as norm and abnormity. Especially his works Wahnsinn und Gesellschaft, Überwachen und Strafen and his lecture course of Die Anormalen are essential in this perspective. In addition, the cultural and social currents in the disability studies serve as fundamental approaches. These two theories help to identify the vague term disability, and consequently, the object of investigation in this paper. In summary, the analysis of Jenseits der Stille and Erbsen auf Halb Sechs shows that the representation of disabled people in German film is predominantly stereotypic. Therein, disablement means great misfortune, and the loss of the central position in discourse. The disabled figures are socially alienated from their non-disabled surroundings. The isolation, however, is brought about by discursive mechanisms such as the power of medicine. In both movies, the disabled and non-disabled people are focused on the disability in their self and external perception. Accordingly, disability is linked to the feeling of shame, a lack of acceptance and the stigmatization of deviants. Self-acceptance can only be accomplished outside of the discourse of the normal, in which disabled are stigmatized. This paper reveals that the representation of people with disability in German film still shows a rather stereotypic image. Therefore, they tend to confirm societal prejudices rather than to challenge them.

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Univ., Diss./2004--Tübingen, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. [238] - 250.

Zugl.: Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2005