The effect of surface finish on fatigue limit of two types of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304L and AISI 316L) has been investigated. Fatigue specimens having two different surface conditions were obtained by changing the final cutting condition; annealing was performed to separate the residual stress effects from surface roughness. Electropolished samples were tested as a reference for each material. A generic mechanistic model for short fatigue crack propagation proposed by Navarroand Rios (N-R model) was implemented to assess its suitability for predicting the fatigue behaviour of specimens with various controlled surface conditions, obtained by machining. The surface/material properties required to implement this model were obtained by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), surface profilometry, hardness testing and X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement. The fatigue limits were determined using rotating-bending by means of the staircase method. The fatigue limits predicted by the N-R fatigue model were compared with the results of the fatigue tests. There was no agreement between the prediction and observations, indicating that the original form of the N-R model is not appropriate for austenitic stainless steels. In AISI 304L, the surface residual stresses are the dominant parameter, allowing prediction of the effects of machining on fatigue resistance while, the surface roughness developed by machining has no significant effect. In AISI 316L, the effect of surface roughness is found to be negligible, with a weaker effect of surface residual stress than has been observed for AISI 304L. Crack nuclei in run-out (>107 cycles) fatigue tests were observed to arrest at twins and martensite packets, developed by fatigue in AISI 316L and AISI 304L, respectively. Good agreement with experiments was achieved by using a modification to the fatigue model, which takes account of the observed effect of the plastic deformation on the microstructure.

Note: / as hip and knee prosthesis, orthopaedic fixations and coronary stents. The definition of a material's biocompatibility necessitates meeting a number of criteria, including high corrosion resistance and desirable interactions of the material's surface with biological species, such as cells, platelets, and serum proteins. SSs offer acceptable resistance to uniform (general) corrosion when used as materials of construction in sorne industrial applications, which is due to the formation of a thin passive oxide film on their surface. [...] / Les aciers inoxydables (AI) 316-L sont fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine biomédical. Par exemple, nous les retrouvons dans les prothèses de hanche et de genou, dans les fixatures orthopédiques et dans les prothèse vasculaires. Pour qu'un matériel soit biocompatible, il doit avoir une résistence élevée à la corrosion. De plus, la surface du matériel doit avoir des intéractions favorables avec les différentes espèces biologiques c'est-à-dire les cellules.[...]

Thesis (M.Sc. in Applied Science(Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

Orientador: Paulo Roberto Mei, Antonio José Ramírez Londoño / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Theodoro_MariaClaudia_M.pdf: 33501237 bytes, checksum: 62a29876bfd5fdbffed02fa45d21d938 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Soldagem por Atrito com Pino Não-Consumível (SAPNC) ou Friction Stir Welding (FSW) é uma técnica que proporciona a união de materiais no estado sólido. Traz como vantagens em relação à soldagem onde ocorre a fusão dos materiais, a redução de macro e micro defeitos, ausência trincas e porosidades causadas pela fusão e solidificação do material, redução da segregação de solidificação, excelentes propriedades mecânicas da junta soldada e boa reprodutibilidade. A técnica também não necessita de metal de adição nem gás de proteção e não produz gases nocivos ao homem ou meio ambiente. Diversos tipos de soldagem dissimilar por SAPNC já foram obtidos com bons resultados em alumínio-alumínio, cobre-alumínio, magnésio alumínio, alumínio-aço e aço-aço. Os principais interessados nas juntas dissimilares são a indústria petroquímica, automobilística, naval e aeronáutica. Apesar de terem sido registrados soldagens dissimilares de diversos tipos de materiais, não há dados na literatura sobre soldagem dissimilar de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos UNS S31603 e duplex UNS S32750 pela técnica de SAPNC. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho se torna inédito por ser o primeiro registro de soldagem por atrito com pino não consumível desses dois aços. Placas de aços inoxidável austenítico (UNS S31603) e superduplex (UNS 32750) com 6 mm de espessura soldadas por atrito com pino não consumível utilizando um passe de ferramenta de PCBN-WRe com penetração entre 90 e 92 % da espessura da chapas, apresentaram bons resultados em duas condições: 1) velocidade de rotação de 150 rpm, avanço de 100 mm/min e com controle de força axial de 57 kN; 2) velocidade de rotação de 200 rpm, avanço de 100 mm/min e com controle de posição. A análise metalográfica das juntas soldadas não indicou a presença de defeitos internos ou superficiais. Não foram detectadas por microscopia óptica e difração de raios-X outras fases além de ferrita e austenita na região de solda. O ensaio de dobramento indicou que não houve penetração total em ambas as juntas, sugerindo um segundo passe de xvii soldagem ou a utilização de uma ferramenta com comprimento de pino maior, que permita penetração superior a 92% da espessura da chapa / Abstract: The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that has, as advantages, reduction or absence of superficial and internal flaws, absence of cracks and porosities caused by material fusion and solidification and good repeatability. The joints also present excellent mechanical properties. Many aluminum-aluminum, cooper-aluminum, magnesium-aluminum, aluminum-steel and steel-steel FSW dissimilar welds presented good results. Petrochemical, automotive, naval and aeronautics industries are the most interested in dissimilar joints. In spite of many diferent dissimilar joints registred, no dissimilar joints of UNS S31603 and UNS S32750 have been performed by FSW. This project seems to be inedited for being the first dissimilar friction stir welded joint of this both materials. Austenitic (UNS S31603) and superduplex (UNS 32750) stainless steel 6 mm thick plates one pass friction stir welded with a PCBN-WRe tool and thick plate penetration between 90 and 92% presented good results in two conditions: 1) tool rotation speed of 150 rpm, traverse speed of 100 mm/min and axial force control of 57 kN; 2) tool rotation speed of 200 rpm, traverse speed of 100 mm/min and tool position control. These welded joints showed adequate bead width, absence of galling and good appearance. Metallographic analysis presented no internal defects. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed no other phase on the joint except ferrite and austenite. The bendind tests indicate lack of penetration in both joints, suggesting two weld passes or tool penetration greater than 92% of the material thickness to perform total penetration joints / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestra em Engenharia Mecânica

Note:

Industry is constantly searching for improved materials for use in highly demanding applications. The materials chosen must withstand a wide range of temperatures and extended exposure in aggressive environments, including hydrogen gas. Because of the risk of catastrophe if brittle failure occurs, careful material selection is imperative. Austenitic stainless steels may be a likely choice for hydrogen service because their behavior in high pressure hydrogen ranges from no apparent damage to relevant, but generally small ductility loss (13). Because of this Variation in behavior, a single category cannot be established to encompass all austenitic steels and studies must be performed on each type of steel to determine its behavior under specific circumstances. Two steels being currently under consideration for use in hydrogen are Armco 21-6-9 and Tenelon, both are fully austenitic stainless steels which may be used over a wide range of temperatures, including service at liquid nitrogen temperature. / Master of Science / incomplete_metadata

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE / Includes bibliographical references. / by Paul Alan Gault. / M.S.

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

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