"The American Tradition of the Literary Interview 1840 - 1956: A Cultural History" is the first study to document the development of the literary interview in the United States. A handful of critics have discussed the literary interview and traced it back to various European cultural traditions; however, I argue that, like the interview, which the British journalist William Stead wrote "was a distinctly American invention," the literary interview was a particularly American form. Drawing on archival research and new readings of primary sources, this project examines the literary interview's systemic growth and formal characteristics between 1842 and 1956. I trace connections among the American press, culture, and literary marketplace to offer an as-yet unwritten history of the literary interview. During Charles Dickens's 1842 North American tour, the first literary interviews were published in written-up, or paragraph form and resembled written snapshots or sketches. As a result of the cult of domesticity and the popular scandals of the mid-to-late nineteenth century, the literary interview developed into a slightly longer and more narrative form that focused on an author's surroundings and living quarters. With the rise of yellow journalism and muckraking reporting during the first decades of the twentieth century, the literary interview became a more investigative and intrusive form; yet at the same time, the first in-depth, literary conversations with American authors were published. During the interwar period, the second wave of "girl reporters" and lady interviews transformed the written-up literary interview into a more nuanced form that exhibited rhetorical and literary flourishes. With the development of the New Yorker profile and the Paris Review interview in the mid-twentieth century, the literary interview branched off into two distinct modes: the profile and the author Q & A. This history of the literary interview offers a model of reading mass media communications in terms of both content and form. In doing so, this project chges the critical frameworks that dismiss the literary interview as ancillary to literature and articulate the importance of interviews, communication, and conversation in American culture.

Southern writer Ellen Glasgow once told an audience that “the longer one lives in this world of hazard and disaster, the more reckless one should become . . . in the matter of words.” Between the 1880s and the 1940s, opportunities for southern women writers like Glasgow increased dramatically, first bolstered by readership demands for southern stories in northern periodicals and followed by their acceptance into the southern literary canon during the 1920s-30s Southern Renaissance movement. And yet, it remained difficult for southern women writers to be reckless with words. Confined by magazine requirements and sociocultural expectations, writers often used regional settings to attract publishers and readers. Once a readership was established, they sought to publish a collection of stories separate from popular magazine contexts. This project examines the selection and arrangement of previously-published magazine stories into first short story collections by Kate Chopin, Ellen Glasgow, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, and Katherine Anne Porter. Publishing a collection enabled authors to revise their stories outside of magazines’ requirements and provided the agency to arrange individual stories into a collective narrative. In “Arranging Stories,” I argue that selecting and ordering magazine stories for these collections was not arbitrary nor dictated by editors. Instead, it allowed women writers to privilege stories, or to contextualize a particular story by its proximity to other tales, as a form of sociopolitical commentary. This project, supported by archival research at ten institutional repositories, invites a reconsideration of women writers’ authorial control throughout the publication process.

How can a playwright share authorial control with a group of actors when creating a new play script? How does the individual playwright address matters of genre, form, style and structure to create a unifying theme, while remaining true to the dramatic intention and aesthetics of the group? What impact will the collaborators have on a playwright's work? Will they help or hinder the writing process? This exegesis closely follows the creation of a new play, The Woods, in a process where the playwright intended to facilitate a collaborative process with the actors rather than act as sole author. Issues arising in this mode of working include the real meaning of sole authorship, aesthetic integrity and creative power balance. The analysis of these issues will have relevance for theatre practitioners working in collaborative contexts.

This exegesis examines how a writer can effectively negotiate the relationship between author, character, fact and truth, in a work of Creative Nonfiction. It was found that individual truths, in a work of Creative Nonfiction, are not necessarily universal truths due to individual, cultural, historical and religious circumstances. What was also identified, through the examination of published Creative Nonfiction, is a necessity to ensure there are clear demarcation lines between authorial truth and fiction. The Creative Nonfiction works examined, which established this framework for the reader, ensured an ethical relationship between author and audience. These strategies and frameworks were then applied to my own Creative Nonfiction.

Orientador: Wilma Patrícia Marzari Dinardo Maas / Banca: Mario Luiz Frungillo / Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a presença do elemento trágico no romance O tempo e o vento, do escritor brasileiro Erico Verissimo. Tal proposta justifica-se não apenas por abordar um aspecto pouco estudado em relação à obra selecionada, mas também por possibilitar o levantamento de questões teóricas relevantes em relação ao gênero romance. A metodologia de pesquisa consiste de etapas distintas. Primeiramente, foi feito um levantamento histórico do conceito de trágico, desde o surgimento da Tragédia Grega até sua apropriação pelos filósofos do idealismo alemão pós-kantiano, com o intuito de formular uma concepção sobre o conceito de trágico. Em seguida, discute-se a possibilidade de manifestação do trágico dentro da forma romance, especificamente por meio da figura do herói; para isso, são abordadas possíveis relações entre três obras modelares da literatura moderna: Hamlet, Werther e Mrs. Dalloway. Na terceira etapa do trabalho, são analisados aspectos de O tempo e o vento que situam a obra na tradição do trágico no romance e, ainda, os elementos da narrativa que demonstram o quanto a narrativa de Verissimo pode ser original dentro dessa tradição. Conclui-se, então, que o fator de originalidade da trilogia é a forma de abordagem da questão autoral. Por meio desta, há a mediação do conflito trágico central do romance, além da busca por trazer unidade à realidade representada através do trabalho estético. Sendo assim, o romance mostra-se capaz de conciliar elementos épicos (busca da unidade) e trágicos (processo dialético representado no conflito do herói) / Abstract: It is this work's objective to analyze the presence of the tragic element in the novel O tempo e o vento (written by Brazilian novelist Erico Verissimo). The proposal is justified not only because it approaches a seldom studied aspect about the selected work, but also because it enables the surveying of relevant theoretical questions about novel as a literary genre. The research method consists in different steps. First of all it was made a historical survey about the tragic concept, since the raising of Greek Tragedy until its appropriation by the German idealistic philosophers of the post-Kant era, in order to formulate a concept of tragic. Then it is discussed the possibility of tragic manifestation into the novel's form, specifically through the hero's figure; in order to illustrate this possible relations, three archetype works of modern literature (Hamlet, Werther and Mrs. Dalloway) are approached. In the third step of this work some aspects of O tempo e o vento are analyzed, in order to situate the novel in a tradition of the tragic into modern novel, and still elements of the narrative which demonstrate the originality of Verissimo's work to this tradition are also analyzed. So it is concluded that the factor of originality in Verissimo's trilogy is the form under which the authorial question is approached. It enables the mediation of the central tragic conflict in the novel, and conveys unity to the reality represented throughout the aesthetic work. In doing so the novel shows itself capable of conciliate epic (the pursuit of unity) and tragic (the dialectic process represented in the hero's conflict) elements / Mestre

Trabalhando com a linha de pesquisa \"Direito moral e patrimonial de autor\" propõe-se um estudo sobre o Direito de Autor na obra musical, abordando mais especificamente as relações contratuais entre autores e empresas de gravação e distribuição, quais sejam: produtores fonográficos (gravadoras) e editoras musicais. O presente trabalho é dividido em três partes. A primeira trata da propriedade intelectual sobre obras imateriais, sua evolução histórica e os conceitos da doutrina autoralista, substrato intelectual necessário para compreensão do problema de pesquisa: o desequilíbrio contratual e o dano autoral. A segunda parte analisa a questão proposta sob o ponto de vista do Direito Civil e da Constituição Federal brasileira, apresentando propostas de solução pela via judicial. A terceira e última parte cumpre a tarefa de apresentar propostas preventivas ao problema apresentado, seja quanto à prática contratual seja na atualização da legislação autoral brasileira. / Trabalhando com a linha de pesquisa \"Direito moral e patrimonial de autor\" propõe-se um estudo sobre o Direito de Autor na obra musical, abordando mais especificamente as relações contratuais entre autores e empresas de gravação e distribuição, quais sejam: produtores fonográficos (gravadoras) e editoras musicais. O presente trabalho é dividido em três partes. A primeira trata da propriedade intelectual sobre obras imateriais, sua evolução histórica e os conceitos da doutrina autoralista, substrato intelectual necessário para compreensão do problema de pesquisa: o desequilíbrio contratual e o dano autoral. A segunda parte analisa a questão proposta sob o ponto de vista do Direito Civil e da Constituição Federal brasileira, apresentando propostas de solução pela via judicial. A terceira e última parte cumpre a tarefa de apresentar propostas preventivas ao problema apresentado, seja quanto à prática contratual seja na atualização da legislação autoral brasileira.

A comparison of the approach to authorial works in the legal systems of the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom The thesis is dedicated to the comparison of the treatment of works of authorship in the legal systems of Czech Republic and United Kingdom. The goal of the text is to firstly explain the basis and evolution of both systems, and subsequently to describe and compare their basic conceptual attributes and institutes. The first step is the embedding of both systems into a philosophical and historical framework. Then follows a cross section of the most import international sources of law which affect both systems. While discussing the supranational influences on the subject the most space is dedicated to the law-making and case law of the European union. The described judgements are mostly concerned with the definition of a work and its originality as viewed under union law. This section of the thesis aims to explain the framework both systems are set in and the influence of supranational organizations and treaties. The following part is dedicated to the respective treatment of authorial works in both countries and it compares the individual elements of both systems. The matter of the British "closed list" approach is discussed in contrast to the non-exhaustive list used by the Czech...

The essay critically examines Stanley Fish’s reader-response reading of Paradise Lost.In particular Fish’s main thesis that John Milton’s sole purpose in Paradise Lost is toeducate the reader on their position as fallen.The essay then examines two key claimsthat Fish employs to arrive at his conclusion, namely: (1) Fish’s notion of intendedreadership and authorial intent for Paradise Lost; and (2) Fish’s claims of readerresponse to Paradise Lost in two selected contexts (i) the reader response to Satan in thebeginning of Paradise Lost (ii) the reader response to an aspect of narration in ParadiseLost i.e. the poem’s epic voice. Based on the analysis of these two key claims the essayfinds Fish’s thesis unsubstantiated and in need of further argument.

Octavia Butler’s Kindred is often looked at as a historical science fiction novel. While there are critics who have discussed the slave narrative aspects of the novel, the way Butler tackles authorship and what it means to re-write history has been overlooked. By examining the way Butler uses authorship to question authorial authority, one can see the way Butler uses her protagonist to revise history and reclaim historical figures. This process of reclamation and revision enables Butler to examine the historical gaps that have been created and the way enslaved blacks have been caricatured and further dehumanized. Through her protagonist, Butler is able to endow these historical figures with complex identities and emotions and challenges what it means to be a viable authorial voice.

Villette (1853), Charlotte Brontë's last novel, is famously riddled with ambiguity: its narrator-protagonist, Lucy Snowe, avoids disclosing details about her childhood, fails to reveal to readers the identity of characters she recognizes from her past, and, at the end of the novel, refuses to confirm if her love interest, M. Paul, has died at sea after a storm. Believing Lucy's ambiguous narrative style to be a tool she uses to train readers to better understand her, many critics have focused their efforts on trying to interpret Lucy's silences and evasions "correctly," thereby turning themselves into Lucy's or Brontë's "ideal" authorial readers. However, throughout her life, Lucy has resisted being read by people who assume they can fully know her and fit her into their worldview. Unwilling to impose her views on others, Lucy's autobiography encourages readers to make their own meaning without deciphering how she intends for it to be read. In this way, she maintains that she is ultimately unknowable to her readers, just as they are to her, and preserves, rather than erases, the distance that exists between reader and author. By constructing an authorial reader who does not seek to think as Lucy does, Villette invites readers to enter into an ethical relationship with Lucy, one in which otherness is respected and intimacy is possible despite differences.