In this report we investigate how much similarity good news and bad news may have in context of long-terms market trends. We discuss the relation between text mining, classification, and information retrieval. We present examples that use identical set of words but have a quite different meaning, we present examples that can be interpreted in both positive or negative sense so that the decision is difficult as before reading them. Our examples prove that methods of information retrieval are not strong enough to solve problems as specified above. For searching of common properties in groups of news we had used classifiers (e.g. naive Bayes classifier) after we found that the use of diagnostic methods did not deliver reasonable results. For our experiments we have used historical data concerning the German market index DAX 30. / In diesem Bericht untersuchen wir, wieviel Ähnlichkeit gute und schlechte Nachrichten im Kontext von Langzeitmarkttrends besitzen. Wir diskutieren die Verbindungen zwischen Text Mining, Klassifikation und Information Retrieval. Wir präsentieren Beispiele, die identische Wortmengen verwenden, aber trotzdem recht unterschiedliche Bedeutungen besitzen; Beispiele, die sowohl positiv als auch negativ interpretiert werden können. Sie zeigen Probleme auf, die mit Methoden des Information Retrieval nicht gelöst werden können. Um nach Gemeinsamkeiten in Nachrichtengruppen zu suchen, verwendeten wir Klassifikatoren (z.B. Naive Bayes), nachdem wir herausgefunden hatten, dass der Einsatz von diagnostizierenden Methoden keine vernünftigen Resultate erzielte. Für unsere Experimente nutzten wir historische Daten des Deutschen Aktienindex DAX 30.

No description available.

Introduction Radiometals are finding more and more applications in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. For PET imaging, all the novel radiometals are directly or indirectly produced on cyclotrons. Key step in their production is achieving proper radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, as well as high specific activity. Automation of the process enhances reproducibility, shortens necessary operations and decreases radiation burden. We have, therefore, developed universal radio-metal automated laboratory workbench (RALW) that is focused on separation processes from solid and liquid (solution) targets via solid phase extraction (SPE). Material and Methods RALW is versatile platform for separation, formulation and simple labeling processes. The following FIG. 1 displays its basic scheme. RALW´s main parts are: two reactors, two selec-tors, peristaltic pump, 3/2 way valves, and separation column. Prime reactor R1 is designed to carry out several functions. It can transport solid target material from shielding container to process position, or handle liquid target filling. In both cases, the reactor is leakagefree up to 5 bars. There are 4 positions available to bring solvents to the reactor 1 or applying on a SPE column according to the separation sequence with use of peristaltic pump. Smart software allows for collecting defined fractions leaving the column, e.g. enriched target matrix and the desired radionuclide, by monitoring activity profile and controlling the splitting valves. The system also minimizes losses during transport of the solvents/fractions to the reactor R2 and the software also controls final volume settings (activity concentration) of the product. Up to three positions are available for bringing solvents/solutions to the reactor R2 for formulation or simple labeling steps like chelation. The system’s hardware is driven by a PLC and I/O cards. The PLC is placed outside the module to avoid radiation damage. The module, PLC and host PC communicate via an Ethernet cable. This solution significantly reduced number of cables connecting the module with other component in the control chain. The PLC is controlled via host PC equipped with userfriendly interface. Results and Conclusion The presented RPLW system is rather versatile tool for separation of metal radionuclides and simple postprocessing (formulation/labelling) of the product in stable environment and easy control mechanisms. The RPLW operating prototype is shown on the FIG. 2.

Introduction [11C]choline is a very effective PET radiopharma-ceutical for the study of prostate cancer. To support the increasing demand for [11C]choline, several different synthetic approaches have been described in the literature, including different automated production methods using remote-controlled synthesis modules [1–4]. The most popular method uses a C18 Sep-Pak as solid support for methylation and, subsequently, a CM Sep-Pak for purification [2]. We report an optimized method for producing [11C]choline using only one CM Sep-Pak for both reaction and purification as was shown in the literature [4]. For synthesis of [11C]choline we used two modules Tracerlab FXC for preparation of methylation reagent [11C]CH3I and GPF-101 for [11C]choline synthesis. Material and Methods TracerlabFXC GE, GPF-101 Veenstra Instrument, 2-(dimethylamino)-ethanol (DMAE) ABX, Sep-Pak Light Accell Plus CM cation-exchange cartridges Waters used without conditioning, precursor 50 µL of DMAE dissolved in 25 µL of ethanol and loaded on a CM Sep-Pak. Schematic diagram of the automated system for the production of [11C]choline is given below. [11C]CH4 was produced in two standard Nitra target IBA irradiation of mixture 90 % N2/10 % H2 with 15 MeV protons using dual beam. Results and Conclusion [11C]CH4 was prepared in the targets and connected with Tracerlab FXC. [11C]CH3I was pre-pared in a loop in which allowed to react of elemental iodine at a temperature 720 oC. Con-version to [11C]CH3I usually is around 50% uncorrected activity. Activity is within the range 15–18 GBq of [11C]CH3I and time of production 10 min. Synthesis of [11C]choline is based on the reaction DMAE with [11C]CH3I on a Accell Plus CM cation-exchange column which serves both as a support for reaction and for separation of choline from DMAE by ethanol washing. The basic parameters are shown in TABLE 1. Beam current 2X 20 µA Irradiation time 30 min DMAE 50 µl Synthesis time from EOB 25 min Absolute yield without correction 6.6 GBq Radiochemical purity > 99 % Residual DMAE in product < 5 ppm Ethanol < 1000 mg/L pH 4.5–8.5 TABLE 1. Reaction parameters and result of production of [11C]choline syntheses Conclusion We have applied a simple synthesis method for [11C]choline preparation using automated commercial equipments with one column used both for reaction and separation purpose. The main advantage of using one column is lower contamination of the product [11C]choline with DMAE. When for synthesis of [11C]choline two columns C18 for synthesis and CM for separation is used, higher contamination of DMAE can be found in the product due to a release of DMAE from C18 column.

No description available.

The free online encyclopedia Wikipedia is one of the most successful collaborative web projects. It is based on an open editing model, which allows everyone to edit the articles directly in the web browser. As a result of the open concept undesirable contributions like vandalism cannot be ruled out. These contributions reduce the article quality temporarily, consume system resources and cause effort for correcting. To address these problems, this paper introduces an approach for automatic editing rights management in Wikipedia that assigns editing rights according to the reputation of the author and the quality of the article to be edited. This analysis shows that this approach reduces undesirable contributions significantly while valuable contributions are nearly unaffected.

No description available.

Auf der Basis eines modellbasierten Entwurfs mit MATLAB/Simulink® wird der Entwurf für einen Mischprozess einer Mischstation vorgenommen. Durch den Einsatz der Toolbox PLC Coder™ von Mathworks® kann dieser Entwurf ohne jegliche Änderungen für aktuell 12 Automatisierungssysteme verschiedener Hersteller verwendet werden, so dass dies als ein zielsystemunabhängiger Entwurf angesehen werden kann. Der Vorteil besteht darin, dass nicht wie bisher ein klassischer Entwurf des Systems entsprechend IEC 61131 Teil 3 mit einer entsprechenden hersteller- bzw. systemspezifischen Entwicklungsumgebung durchgeführt wird, sondern ein hersteller- und systemunabhängiger Entwurf mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Werkzeugen von Simulink vorgenommen werden kann. Mit der verwendeten Toolbox PLC Coder™ für MATLAB/ Simulink® wird strukturierter Text nach IEC 61131 Teil 3 für das jeweilige Automatisierungssystem automatisch generiert. Im vorliegenden Fall wird als Automatisierungssystem eine SIMATIC ET 200SP Open Controller mit entsprechenden Erweiterungsmodulen (digitale und analoge Ein- und Ausgänge usw.) und das TIA Portal in der Version 15.1 der Fa. Siemens eingesetzt. / Für den Mischprozess, eine Mischstation, werden Flüssigkeiten aus drei verschiedenen Behältern in verschiedenen vorgegebenen Mischverhältnissen und Mengen dosiert und in einen Mischbehälter ge-leitet. Hierfür wird der modellbasierte Entwurf primär mittels endlicher Zustandsautomaten mit einer unterlagerten Durchflussmengenregelung in insgesamt neun Subsystemen vorgenommen. Um eine möglichst hohe Genauigkeit des Mischproduktes zu erzielen, wird hierbei die Dosierung der verschie-denen Flüssigkeiten volumengesteuert vorgenommen. Für den vollständigen modellbasierten Entwurf der Automatisierung der Mischstation, dessen Visua-lisierung sowie der Modellierung des HMI mittels Apps des App Designers von MATLAB/ Simulink® wird ein vollständiger Model in the Loop (MIL)-Test in Realzeit zur Verifikation des Gesamtsystems durchgeführt, der hier den Schwerpunkt darstellt. Durch den auf einem deutlich höheren Abstraktionsniveau durchgeführten modellbasierten Entwurf und den MIL-Test werden die Implementierungs- und Inbetriebnahmephase minimal. Abschließend werden die wesentlichen Vorteile des modellbasierten Entwurfs behandelt und ein Aus-blick gegeben.

Discourse about the real-world effects of automated vehicles has intensified over the last decade, but few observational studies have been made examining their integration in real traffic. This research is based on the dataset prepared by Beauchamp et al. in [1] where video footage from two pilot projects involving automated shuttles in Montreal and Candiac in 2019 was analyzed to compute safety indicators from road user trajectories. The study showed that automated shuttles have safer interactions with other road users compared to human drivers following the same trajectories. Yet, this may not be the only characteristic of automated shuttles. These vehicles are notoriously slow, 10 to 15 km/h slower than human-driven cars in city traffic [1], which on city streets is bound to influence other road users, in particular following cars. lt is therefore hypothesized that automated shuttles may have a traflic calming effect, slowing other motorized vehicles [2]. Slower speed and the predictability of automated shuttles, obeying the rules of the road and yielding more willingly to vulnerable road users (pedestrians and cyclists) may also have an impact on these users' behavior [3]: for example, cyclists may pass the shuttle, pedestrians may cross outside of crosswalks. The present study aims to explore the potential effects of automated shuttles, with their slower spceds and more predictable behavior, on the behavior of other road users. [from Introduction]

More than 900 bicyclists died in motor vehicle crashes in the United States in 2020, which represents a 50% increase from 2010 and the highest number of bicyclist deaths in nearly 35 years [1]. Reversing this trend will require efforts on multiple fronts, including reducing vehicle speeds and improving roadways and vehicles to be more hospitable to cyclists. Automatic emergency braking (ABB) with cyclist detection is a vehicle countermeasure with potential to prevent bicycle-motor vehicle crashes. AEB systems, which typically warn drivers of an impending collision and brake if drivers do not respond, have been shown to reduce vehicle-to-vehicle rear-end crash rates by 50% [2] and pedestrian crash rates by 27% [3]. Little is known about the real-world effects of ABB with cyclist detection on bicycle crashes. Subaru's EyeSight system, which includes ABB, has been capable of detecting cyclists in parallel configurations beginning in model year (MY) 2013 in the United States. The ability to detect cyclists in perpendicular configurations was added to some models beginning in MY 2022. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of the early version of EyeSight on U.S. bicycle crashes. [from Introduction]