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In this thesis we have made an analysis of the Swedish domestic market, and concluded different limiting and enabling factors that are important to examine when creating an aircraft specification for an aircraft suitable for use on this market. The authors focus on three different parts that are considered important to be included in the specification; aircraft size, aircraft dimensions and aircraft performance. Aircraft size has been established through the use of a model and by a literature study, while aircraft performance and dimensions have been established primarily through market studies. The Swedish domestic market is today primarily built up by regional airlines and the large actor Scandinavian airlines; this has also been the situation historically. The regional airlines operates on a point-to-point basis while Scandinavian airlines operates on a hub-and-spoke-network. The aircraft size has been found to depend on a number of different factors. Passenger demand and competition are the most important while type of operations and environmental impact also plays a large role. To create stronger competition towards other airlines and other forms of transportation, the flight frequency has been deemed a key factor. Studies show that airlines rather face rising demands by increasing the frequency than by increasing the aircraft size. Aircraft dimensions and aircraft performance are mainly restricted by airport constraints such as runway length, airport fire-fighting category and pavement strength. An aircraft specification has been developed, and the importance of flight frequency and airport constraints found on the Swedish market have been taken into consideration. The large variations in demand, and also the variations in type of operations in the Swedish domestic market have made it impossible to create a single aircraft type, however, by creating three different size versions of the aircraft it will be adapted to the different demands that have been found on the market.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe aptariamos bendros aviacijos avarijų ir incidentų tyrimo metodikos, jų pritaikymo būdai, privalumai ir trūkumai. Taip pat išnagrinėjamas avarijų ir incidentų ryšys, bendrosios aviacijos įtaka aviacijos rinkoje bei jai būdingi bruožai. Plačiau aptariamas žmogiškasis faktorius bei su juo susiję naujausi tyrimo metodai. Pristatoma Lietuvos bendroji aviacija, jos aktyvumo ir avaringumo lygis nuo 2000–2010 metų. Detaliau išnagrinėjamos su ja susijusios avarijos ir pavojingi incidentai. Pateikiama išsami jų analizė, taikant įvairius tyrimo metodus. Taip pat gauti duomenys lyginami su Lietuvos komercine aviacija bei JAV, Europos, Vokietijos ir Australijos duomenimis. Galiausiai apibendrinami gauti rezultatai ir atsižvelgiant į juos pateikiamos rekomendacijos Lietuvos avaringumui mažinti. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, teorinė dalis, metodologinė dalis, tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas bei priedai. Darbo apimtis – 81 p. teksto be priedų, 45 iliustr., 4 lent., 38 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / This final paper of master studies discusses the methodologies of analyzing aviation accidents and incidents, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the ways of applying these methodologies. Additionally, the link between aviation accidents and incidents is discussed as well as the general aviation, its characteristics and influence on entire aviation industry. Furthermore, the human factor and the most current methodologies of analyzing it are introduced. This paper also presents Lithuania general aviation, its activity and safety level from 2000 to 2010. By applying various methodology and approaches, the more detailed analysis is given to the accidents and incidents, which are related to aforementioned safety level. The attained data is compared with the statistics of Lithuania commercial aviation, USA, Europe, Germany and Australia. Finally, the obtained results are summarized, and taking them into consideration, recommendations of the ways to reduce the number of accidents and incidents in Lithuania are formulated. The paper consists of 7 pieces: introduction, theoretical piece, methodological piece, practical piece, summary and recommendations, references and annexes. The paper size – 81 p. of text without docket, 45 figures, 4 tables, 38 references. Docket are included separately.

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti skrydžių saugumą Tarptautiniame Kauno oro uoste. Darbo objektas: Skrydžių saugumas. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti logistikos, keleivių vežimų, skrydžių saugumo teorinę esmę. 2. Pristatyti Tarptautinį Kauno oro uostą ir skrydžių saugumo vykdymą. 3. Ištirti skrydžių saugumo sukeliamą poveikį keliautojui. Išvados: 1. Logistika – sistema, kurią sudaro tarpusavyje susiję elementai – logistikos grandys. Transporto logistika yra viena svarbiausių logistikos sistemos grandžių. Nuo transporto pasirinkimo rūšies priklauso galutinė produkto kaina. Transportavimo rūšys: sausumos, oro, vandens, geležinkelių ir vamzdynų. Oro transportui yra būdinga: greitis dideliais atstumais; nedidelė krovinių apimtis; aukštos kainos; dažnis. Aviacijos saugumas yra priemonių ir žmogiškųjų bei materialinių išteklių visuma, skirta apsaugoti civilinę aviaciją nuo neteisėtų veikų. 2. Tarptautinis Kauno oro uostas, 2010 m. sparčiausiai augęs Europoje, 9 metus iš eilės nuosekliai didinęs aptarnaujamų keleivių skaičių, geografiškai patrauklus kaimyninėms šalims, perspektyvus investicijoms ne tik Lietuvos ekonomikos rinkos dalyviams, bet ir užsienio kapitalo įmonėms. Finansinių poreikių pasikeitimai skrydžių saugume įtakoja poreikį oro uostui didinti pajamas, kas lemia būtinybę didinti pajamas ir aviakompanijoms, kurios tai pasiekia didindamos bilietų kainas. Taip pat tinkamas saugumo užtikrinimas yra būtinas, kadangi incidentai aviacijos srityje sulaukia pasaulinio atgarsio ir tam... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Goal: To evaluate flight security at International Kaunas Airport Object: Flight security Main objectives: 1. To disclose logistics, passenger transportation and flight security theoretical essence. 2. To present International Kaunas airport and flight security prosecution. 3. To investigate flight security influence to passenger. Findings: 1. Logistics – system, which is consisted of interrelated elements – logistic chains. Transport logistics is one of the most important chains in the logistics. The choice of transportation influences final product cost. Transport types: land, air, water, rail and pipeline. Air transport is a characterized by speed, small volume, high prices. The choice of air transport: speed, security, frequency. Aviation security – tools, human and material resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. 2. International Kaunas airport – airport with highest growing rate in 2010, 9 years in a row increasing passenger flows, with geographical attractiveness for neighbor countries, with perspective for native and foreign investitures. Change of financial needs in flight security affects need to increase airport revenues, which will result in the need to increase revenue to airlines, which is achieved by increasing ticket prices. Assurance of security is necessary, because incidents in the field of aviation attracts eyes of the world and at the certain period of time determines choice of travel transport and have a... [to full text]

For decades, elite athletes have used mental skills training to enhance their performance. The effectiveness of these skills and strategies have been measured, documented and supported in research (e.g., Feltz & Landers, 1983; Vealey, 1994). As the remarkable benefits of mental skills continue to reach an ever-growing community of performers, it is surprising that many military organizations, known for their high standards for performance and little tolerance for error, have yet to take full advantage of this type of training. Canada’s Air Force (CAF), home to a world-renowned pilot training program, now finds itself seeking additional tools to empower pilots to achieve consistent, high quality performance under demanding, high stress conditions. The purpose of this research was to explore the psychological skills used by elite Canadian military pilots to perform successfully in this highly demanding occupation. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with elite Canadian pilots at a CAF base in Saskatchewan. Results indicated that pilots utilized all seven elements of Orlick’s (2008) Wheel of Excellence over three phases of flight: pre-flight preparation, mission execution, and post-flight debriefs. Pilots also drew on elements of the Wheel of Excellence during deployments to combat zones. Effective stress management played an especially important role in this context. Recommendations for future research include mental skills usage and preparation specific to deployment contexts as well as the implementation of a specific, relevant mental skills training program within the existing CAF pilot training program

Human Systems Integration Capstone / Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Current ejection seat certified aircrew weight ranges (136 to 213 lbs.), such as for the F/A-18, prohibited over one third (38%) of women and (8%) of men from accessing the naval aviation strike pipeline (carrierbased aviation) between 2008 and 2013. This is deleterious to the Naval Aviation Enterprise to restrict access of otherwise qualified and talented applicants to the strike aviation pipeline due to an outdated anthropometric survey based specification. The acceptable level of risk that was utilized by the Naval Aviation Systems Command was overly conservative and needs to be updated to align with current operational risk management principles, actual ejection seat performance mishap data and the naval aviation anthropometric population. This research is a deep exploration of all aspects of this issue and makes recommendations that can be used by Commander of Naval Air Forces in establishing an operational weight limit for all ejection seat aircraft.

Fuel cell powered aircraft have been of long term interest to the aviation community because of their potential for improved performance and environmental compatibility. Only recently have improvements in the technological readiness of fuel cell powerplants enabled the first aviation applications of fuel cell technology. Based on the results of conceptual design studies and a few technology demonstration projects, there has emerged a widespread understanding of the importance of fuel cell powerplants for near-term and future aviation applications. Despite this, many aspects of the performance, design and construction of robust and optimized fuel cell powered aircraft have not been fully explored. This goal of this research then is to develop an improved understanding of the performance, design characteristics, design tradeoffs and viability of fuel cell powerplants for aviation applications. To accomplish these goals, new modeling, design, and experimental tools are developed, validated and applied to the design of fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicles. First, a general sub-system model of fuel cell powerplant performance, mass and geometry is derived from experimental and theoretical investigations of a fuel cell powerplant that is developed in hardware. These validated fuel cell subsystem models are then incorporated into a computer-based, application-integrated, parametric, and optimizeable design environment that allows for the concurrent design of the aircraft and fuel cell powerplant. These tools and methods are then applied to the analysis and design of fuel cell powered aircraft in a series of case studies and design experiments. Based on the results of the integrated fuel cell system and aircraft analyses, we gain a new understanding of the interaction between powerplant and application for fuel cell aircraft. Specifically, the system-level design criteria of fuel cell powerplants for aircraft can be derived. Optimal sub-system configurations of the fuel cell powerplant specific to the aircraft application are determined. Finally, optimal energy management strategies and flight paths for fuel cell and battery hybridized fuel cell aircraft are derived. The results of a series of design studies are validated using hardware in the loop testing of fuel cell propulsion systems and field testing of a series of fuel cell powered demonstrator aircraft.

Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??

Thai Airways International Public Company Limited (THAI) is a very large organization compared to Thai standards. It generates huge incomes to a number of families, directly and indirectly. Like many airlines, the main concern with THAI and the regulatory authorities is safety because THAI is in a mass transportation business. THAI have had two accidents within a span of some six years, killing a total of 214 people. The accidents affected THAI in four key areas, namely political, economical, social and technological. This phenomenon prompted the study of aviation safety in THAI. The question that requires an answer is: “How should THAI build its protocols to enhance aviation safety?” This then became the research question. The objective of the study is to build a model suitable for THAI to enhance aviation safety, thus answering the question. Through a review of the literature within the parent disciplines, the product, process, and customers of flying activities were identified. The four processes, the MP, the HRD, the PM and the RS are recognized through rigorous search of the literature. The developments of the required seven elements of skills needed for pilot performance measurement were made.A review of study within the immediate discipline concerning Aviation Safety in THAI was carried out and the current status in THAI was defined. All of these led to the identification of research question, research objective, and research propositions. The research propositions were:• Research Proposition 1: that the management practice (MP) process receives inputs from the reporting system (RS) process. Outputs from the management practice (MP) process form inputs for the human resource development (HRD) process.• Research Proposition 2: that the human resource development (HRD) process receives inputs from the management practice (MP) process. Outputs from the human resource development (HRD) process form inputs for the performance measurement (PM) process.• Research Proposition 3: that the performance measurement (PM) process receives inputs from the human resource development (HRD) process. Outputs from the human resource development (HRD) process form inputs for the reporting system (RS) process.• Research Proposition 4: that the reporting system (RS) process receives inputs from the performance measurement (PM) process. Outputs from the reporting system (RS) process form inputs for the management practice (MP) process. • Research Proposition 5: that the individual process components identified in Research Propositions 1, 2, 3 and 4, can be consolidated into an overall, comprehensive Continual Improvement (CI) loop.Once the research propositions were established, the research design was conceived. Due to the fact that THAI is a unique airline influenced by its history of inception and by particular sets of cultures, an embedded, single case-study research method was used. Many techniques within the case-study method were employed starting from a secondary data search, direct observations, focus group interviews, elite interviews, pilot study, participant observations and in-depth interviews. Issues such as validity, reliability, sensitivity, generalizability and ethics were referred to. Issues on data processing, coding, editing, and interpreting were made and discussed.As a result of the various methods of study and the fieldwork previously mentioned, findings were derived. These were then edited, categorized, coded, tabulated and interpreted into meaningful information. Findings from the study and fieldwork supported all the propositions derived from secondary data search and literature review. Consequently the gap identified in the literature was now filled and the principal model was drawn. A slight modification was introduced in keeping with the interpretation of the findings. A recommendation was made that THAI implement policy measures and professional practices derived from the implication of the study to minimize risks in flight operations system and thus maximize safety.Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that future studies be conducted employing a deductive, quantitative, statistical method to evaluate the model and test its theoretical implications.

Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??