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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Linking Human Genetic Variation to Mitochondrial Metabolism

Strittmatter, Laura Anne January 2014 (has links)
Genetic variation has a powerful impact on human metabolism and disease. Traditionally, this relationship has either been studied at a high level using top-down descriptive studies of patients with genetically defined inborn errors of metabolism, or else from the bottom up, with molecular biology and biochemical studies of single proteins. Recent advances in genetic sequencing, metabolic profiling technology, and structural biology are rapidly enabling the integration of these approaches towards a more complete description of human metabolism.
132

Women of childbearing age: dietary patterns and vitamin B12 status

Xin, Liping January 2008 (has links)
From conception the dynamic balance between nutritional and activity factors play a role in the accumulation of risk for future disease. Maternal nutrient balance and the subsequent dietary pattern of the family set the path for the growth and development of the individual and therefore also for their offspring. There is strong evidence from studies in India that mothers who have a low vitamin B12 status, but high folate, will have children with higher adiposity and more cardiovascular risk factors than those with adequate B12. The B12 status is closely linked to the dietary pattern particularly the consumption of red meat which has a high B12 content. In New Zealand there are an increasing number of Indian migrants. Vegetarianism is also practiced by an increasing number including young women. In addition, there is a high rate (up to 60%) of unplanned pregnancies in New Zealand. In the 1997 New Zealand National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) report, vitamin B12 intake appeared adequate for the New Zealand population and breakfast cereals were reported as one major dietary source of B12. Cereals in New Zealand however, were not fortified with B12 and there was an error in the FOODfile™ data entries for B12 in some cereals. The raw data of reported B12 intakes in the 24-hour diet recall (24HDR) of NNS97 was reanalysed at the individual level by subtracting the B12 derived from breakfast cereals and applying the 2005 revised estimated average requirement (EAR) value. The possible prevalence of B12 insufficiency was 2.4 times that originally reported by the NNS97, translating into a prevalence of up to 27% of the population sampled. This analysis was limited as it was not adjusted for day-to-day variance or to the New Zealand population. This apparently high prevalence of risk for inadequate B12 intake in the surveyed individuals required confirmation that the B12 intake from 24HDR and also a 7-day diet diary (7DDD) was a valid assessment of B12 status. The group of particular interest is women of childbearing age (18-50y) with a range of eating patterns. Thirty eight women aged 19-48y; 12 non-red-meat-eaters (5 Indians vs. 7 non-Indians) and 26 red-meat-eaters (1 Indian vs. 25 non-Indians) participated in this validation study. Anthropometry and hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (BIA) were measured on the same day as a 24HDR was recorded. Fasting serum lipids, glucose, haematological parameters, and serum B12, holotranscobalamin II (holo-TC II, a specific B12 biomarker), and folate concentrations were measured. Foods eaten and time spent in physical activity during the following 7 days were extracted from 7DDD and 7-day physical activity diary (7DPAD). There was no significant correlation between dietary intake (24HDR or 7DDD) and biomarkers for B12 status. Indians reported lower mean daily B12 intakes in 7DDD than non-Indians (1.6 vs. 4.5 μg/day, p<0.001) and this was confirmed by Indians’ significantly low serum B12 (203 vs. 383 pmol/L, p=0.04) and holo-TC II (35 vs. 72 pmol/L, p=0.02) concentrations compared to non-Indians. A similar pattern was found between non-red-meat-eaters and red-meat-eaters in daily B12 intake in 7DDD (2.3 vs. 4.8 μg/day, p<0.001) and in B12 biomarkers (serum B12, 263 vs. 397 pmol/L, p=0.01; holo-TC II, 43 vs. 77 pmol/L, p<0.005). Non-red-meat-eaters reported significantly higher daily folate intake in 7DDD (359 vs. 260 μg/day, p=0.01) than red-meat-eaters but no significant difference was found in serum folate concentration between these groups (29 vs. 24 pmol/L, p=0.10). Indians/non-red-meat-eaters also reported lower daily protein intake and higher percentage of total energy from carbohydrate in 7DDD compared to non-Indians/red-meat-eaters but total reported energy intake tended to be under-reported and physical activity over-reported when assessed against estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR). Body composition varied by dietary pattern. Indians/non-red-meat-eaters had higher body fat percentage (BF %) and weaker grip strength than non-Indians/red-meat-eaters. In addition, Indians had a significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) than non-Indians. Overall, the whole group reported that they were inactive. The median time spent in moderate, high and maximal intensity activities was only 19 minutes a day, which did not meet the NZ guideline for adults of 30 minutes a day. In this small study nutrient analysis of diet by 24HDR or 7DDD, was not a reliable or accurate way to assess B12 insufficiency. Questions about dietary patterns such as “do you eat red meat”, and taking ethnicity into account could more easily identify the at risk population. Supplementation and/or fortification of B12 should be considered before pregnancy.
133

Exercise, nutrition, and homocysteine

Joubert, Lanae Marie. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
134

Exercise, nutrition, and homocysteine

Joubert, Lanae Marie. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.
135

Vitamin B₁₂, folate and folate-binding proteins in dairy products : analysis, process retention and bioavailability /

Arkbåge, Karin, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
136

"Cyclopropanozucker" durch Vitamin B12-katalysierte Cyclisierung von Diiodiden - Carbonyldiimidazol als Reagenz für die Cyclisierung ungesättigter Aminoalkohole zu 3-Pyrrolinen

Šardzik, Róbert January 2007 (has links)
Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007
137

Extrazelluläre Metabolite phototropher Bakterien als mögliche Corrinvorstufen

Schaer, Wolfgang, January 1982 (has links)
Thesis (Doctoral)--Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, 1982.
138

Avaliação do estado metabólico e nutricional de indivíduos vegetarianos e onívoros / Nutritional and metabolic status assessment in vegetarian and omnivores subjects

Slywitch, Eric [UNIFESP] 31 March 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Objetivo: avaliar, comparativamente, o estado nutricional de indivíduos vegetarianos e onívoros, com relação ao estado nutricional de proteínas, vitamina B12, ácido fólico, homocisteína e metabólico pela avaliação da glicemia, insulinemia, perfil inflamatório e de lípides séricos. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, transversal com 59 indivíduos do sexo feminino fora de período de gestação ou amamentação, eutróficas, entre 20 e 50 anos de idade, com tempo de dieta superior a um ano, sem uso de suplementos nem consumo de cigarro ou bebidas alcoólicas e com prática equivalente de atividade física e função tireoideana e hepática normais. Os indivíduos foram divididos conforme o consumo de carne ou não, sendo o grupo vegetariano chamado de grupo “sem carne” (SC) e o onívoro de grupo “com carne” (CC). Foram avaliadas as medidas corporais pelo IMC e bioimpedância. Os seguintes parâmetros laboratoriais foram avaliados: hemograma, ferritina, transferrina, PCR-US, vitamina B12, ácido fólico, homocisteína, glicemia, insulinemia, perfil lipídico, uréia e creatinina, proteína total e frações. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 25 mulheres do grupo CC e 34 SC. O grupo foi homogêneo com relação à idade (p=0,731), IMC (p=0,80) e valor percentual de massa gorda e magra (p=0,693 e p= 0,83; respectivamente). O grupo SC apresentou menores níveis de HOMA-IR (p=0,0048) e HOMA-Beta (p=0,040), além de redução no nível de colesterol total de cerca de 10,4% (p=0,039), mas sem diferenças nos índices de Castelli 1 e 2 (p = 0,619 e p = 0,587; respectivamente). Não houve diferenças nos níveis de hemoglobina (p= 0,13), creatinina (p = 0,113), PCR-US (p =0,754), triglicérides (p = 0,592), ferritina (p=0,221), transferrina (p=0,342), albumina (p=0,137), linfócitos totais (p=0,127), vitamina B12 (p=0,971), ácido fólico (p=1) e homocisteína (p=0,062). Os níveis de uréia dosados foram normais, porém mais elevados no grupo CC (p=0,002). Ambos os grupos apresentaram, sem diferenças estatísticas, valores normal baixo de VCM, HCM, CHCH e ferritina, com RDW normal alto. Conclusões: indivíduos que não utilizam carne têm maior sensibilidade à insulina, níveis mais baixos de colesterol e não têm maior risco de deficiência protéica do que o grupo que a utiliza. Os níveis de uréia mais elevados demonstram maior ingestão protéica do grupo CC, mas sem repercussões clínicas aparentes. Não houve diferença na prevalência de deficiência de ferro, vitamina B12 e ácido fólico, mas os dados sugerem que ambos os grupos têm níveis de ferro e vitamina B12 em limites mínimos da normalidade, sendo indicada a correção medicamentosa. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
139

Indicadores de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, concentração sérica das vitaminas B12, ácido fólico e a cognição em idosos de Florianópolis

França, Vivian Francielle January 2016 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2016. / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T03:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 342283.pdf: 3903798 bytes, checksum: f56edc1ea375eda99929befdf0e3d9cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O envelhecimento está associado à redução das capacidades cognitivas. Os fatores ambientais de exposição como os hábitos alimentares não saudáveis e as concentrações séricas das vitaminas B12 e ácido fólico, podem, em parte, determinar as alterações cognitivas em idosos. Diante do exposto, a presente tese objetivou analisar a associação entre indicadores de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis e a cognição, assim como investigarse a combinação de diferentes concentrações séricas entre vitaminas B12 e do ácido fólico ésuperior ao usode indicadores bioquímicos separados,para o risco de provável déficit cognitivo em idosos. O estudo transversal avaliou dados da pesquisa epidemiológica de base populacional e domiciliar "Condições de saúde da população idosa do município de Florianópolis/SC: estudo de base populacional ? EpiFloripa Idoso" em sua segunda onda (2013-2014). A variável dependente foi à cognição investigada pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). As variáveis independentes foram os indicadores de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis: frutas e hortaliças (= 4 porções ao dia); peixe (< 1 porção ao dia); o hábito de consumir carnes gordurosas (sim/não) e as concentrações séricas das vitamina B12 e ácido fólico. Participaram da primeira etapa da pesquisa para aplicação da entrevista 1.197 idosos (778 mulheres), com idade superior a 60 anos. Para analisar as relações entre os indicadores de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis e a cognição foram realizadas análises de regressão linear simples e múltipla, considerando os pesos amostrais, estratificadas por sexo. O escore médio do MEEM dos homens foi de 25,15 ± 5,56 e das mulheres de 24,26 ± 5,68 (p=0,009). Para o sexo feminino, após ajustes, os resultados mostraram associação independente entre o consumo insuficiente de frutas e hortaliças (= 4 porções/dia) e os menores escores no MEEM. Não foram observadas associações para os homens.Para elas, também foram encontradas médias superiores no MEEM, segundo o aumento na frequência diária no consumo de frutas e hortaliças(p=0,001). Na segunda etapa da pesquisa foi coletada amostra de sangue de 590 idosos (386 mulheres) para identificar a concentração sérica das vitaminas B12 e ácido fólico. Para verificar a relação entre as variáveis bioquímicas e a função cognitiva foram realizadas análises de regressão logística, considerando os pesos amostrais. Foi verificado que o excesso de ácido fólico foi fator protetor contra o provável déficit cognitivo, após o ajuste final (OR: 0.038; IC95% 0.004; 0.374). Quando mantida como contínua, o aumento na concentração de ácido fólico diminuiu o risco para o provável déficit cognitivo (OR: 0.856; IC 95%0.760; 0.964). A combinação entre o excesso de ácido fólico e normal de vitamina B12 não conferiu proteção ou risco para o provável déficit cognitivo e não foi superior aos indicadores bioquímicos separados em predizer o provável déficit cognitivo. Neste estudo, as mulheres com padrão alimentar insuficiente em frutas e hortaliças em concordância às recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde apresentam menores escores para a cognição. O consumo regular de frutas, hortaliças e peixes em detrimento às carnes com gordura pode indicar uma estratégia viável a ser incentivada por políticas públicas para a preservação da cognição no envelhecimento. Sugere-se manter a concentração de ácido fólico em níveis suficientes e não direciona para o seu excesso, pois não foi possível esclarecer o impacto da combinação entre o excesso de ácido fólico e a concentração deficiente de vitamina B12 na função cognitiva desses idosos.<br> / Abstract : Ageing is associated with lower cognitive capacity. Environmental exposure factors, such as unhealthy food habits and serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid, can partly determine cognitive changes in older adults. Given the above, the present thesis aimed to analyze the association between indicators of unhealthy food habits and cognition, and whether any combination of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid is a better indicator of probable cognitive deficit in older adults than either vitamin alone. The cross-sectional study assessed data from the second wave (2013-2014) of the population- and household-based epidemiological survey called "Condições de saúde da população idosa do município de Florianópolis/SC: estudo de base populacional ? EpiFloripa Idoso" (Health condition of older adults from the municipality of Florianopolis/SC: population-based study ? EpiFloripa Older Adult). The dependent variable was cognition assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The independent variables were the following indicators of unhealthy food habits: fruit and vegetable intake (= 4 servings per day); fish intake (< 1 serving per day); regular intake of fatty meats (yes/no); and serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In the first stage of the study, 1,197 older adults (778 women) aged more than 60 years were interviewed. Sample-weighted simple and linear regression analyses stratified by gender were conducted to analyze the relationships between unhealthy food habit indicators and cognition. Men and women had mean MMSE scores of 25.15 ± 5.56 and 24.26 ± 5.68, respectively (p=0.009). After adjustments, an independent association between inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (= 4 servings per day) and lower MMSE scores was found in women. Also in women the mean MMSE scores increased with daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency (p=0.001).No associations were found in men. The second stage of the study involved collecting blood samples from 590 older adults (386 women) to identify their serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Sample-weighted logistic regression analyzed the relationship between the biochemical variables and cognitive function. High serum folic acid protected against probable cognitive deficit (OR: 0.038; 95%CI 0.004; 0.374). When folic acid was kept as a continuous variable, increases in folic acid level reduced the risk of probable cognitive deficit (OR: 0.856; 95%CI 0.760; 0.964). The combination of excess serum folic acid and normal serum vitamin B12 did not protect against or increase the risk of probable cognitive deficit. The combination of B12 and folic acid was not a better predictor ofprobable cognitive deficit than either one, and did not predict probable cognitive deficit. The study women with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake according to the World Health Organization had lower cognitive scores. Regular intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish in detriment of fatty meat intake can be a viable strategy to preserve cognition during ageing and should be encouraged by public policies. Serum folic acid should remain within the normal range, avoiding an excess, since it was not possible to clarify the impact of the combination of high folic acid and low vitamin B12 on the cognitive function of these older adults.
140

Infecção de aves por mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos gallinarum, pullorum e enteritidis com deleção nos genes cobS E cbiA

Paiva, Jacqueline Boldrin de [UNESP] 23 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_jb_me_jabo.pdf: 902974 bytes, checksum: d01d6993a37d78f84e978b7b9def9ecd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Salmonella enterica sorotipo Typhimurium sintetiza cobalamina (Vitamina B12) apenas sobre condições anaeróbicas. Dois porcento do genoma da S. Typhimurium é dedicado a reações dependentes de vitamina B12 como cofator, sua síntese e absorção. Neste estudo nós preparamos mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos Enteritidis, Gallinarum e Pullorum duplo defectivos na biossintese de cobalamina, cepas ΔcobSΔcbiA. A virulência destes mutantes foi comparada com as respectivas cepas selvagens e, nenhuma deficiência na capacidade de causar doença foi observada para as cepas de S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA e S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA por sua vez, mostrou atenuação total. Posteriormente nós testamos a produção de B12 pelas cepas mutantes e selvagens já descritas, e incluímos neste estudo a cepa de S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, e sua respectiva cepa selvagem. Todas as cepas mutantes não tiveram produção de B12 detectada. As cepas selvagens mostraram produção de vitamina B12 em ambos os ensaios utilizados, com exceção da S. Gallinarum que não apresentou produção de cobalamina in vitro. Como conclusão, a produção de vitamina B12 in vitro diferiu entre os sorotipos de Salmonella testados, a deleção dos genes cbiA e cobS produziu alteração na relação parasita hospedeiro em diferentes níveis entre os sorotipos de Salmonella estudados, sendo que esta foi muito maior entre o sorotipo Gallinarum e as aves. / Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium only synthesizes cobalamin (Vitamin B12) during anaerobiosis. Two-percent of the S. Typhimurium genome is devoted to the synthesis and uptake of Vitamin B12 and to B12-dependent reactions. In order to understand the requirement from cobalamin synthesis better, we constructed Salmonella serovar Gallinarum, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella serovar Pullorum mutants that are double-defective in cobalamin biosynthesis (ΔcobSΔcbiA). We compared the virulence of these mutants to that of their respective wild type strains and found no impairment in S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA and S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA ability to cause disease in chickens. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA mutant showed attenuated for chickens. We then assessed B12 production by these mutants and their respective wild type strains, as well as S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, and their respective wild type strain. All mutants were unable to produce detectable B12. B12 was detectable in wild type strains, but, S. Gallinarum demonstrated no in vitro cobalamin production. In conclusion, the production of vitamin B12 in vitro differed across the Salmonella serotypes that were tested. Furthermore, the deletion of the cbiA and cobS genes resulted in an alteration in the relationship between the serotype Gallinarum and the birds more stronger than did to the others serotypes.

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