The thesis investigates the efficiency of depository institutions in Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia and Turkey between 2003 and 2006. Four of these countries switched from a planned to a market economy in the early 1980ies. These are contrasted with Austria. High coverage ratios are ensured by using data published by the relevant regulatory authorities. Data envelopment analysis yields higher efficiency scores in all but one country when deposits are treated as output. This implies that banks see deposits as products they offer to their customers and which they do not attempt to minimize. While in some countries improvements in efficiency can be detected against an inter-temporal single-country efficiency frontier, no overall efficiency improvement against a common regional frontier can be identified. Results of a Malmquist Index analysis are also inconclusive for the region as a whole, although technological improvement can be shown for Austria between 2004 and 2005. When data is grouped by country, Austria and Croatia emerge as most and Serbia and Bulgaria as least efficient markets. An interesting pattern emerges when DMUs are grouped by category (savings, cooperative and universal banks) and country. It can then be seen that savings and cooperative banks show comparably low efficiency in Austria but comparably high scores in Serbia and Croatia. For universal banks, this pattern is reversed. (author's abstract)

This paper offers to measure efficiency of banks in Sub Saharan Africa and its determining input andout put factors on two fonts. At this purpose, we applied the first font; Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for assessing efficiency level. The actual and target level of inputs/outputs to foster efficiencyare shown in the results. Secondly, the banks ratio analysis measuring banks performance throughreturns volatility for each bank, asset utilization and provision for bad and doubtful debts over thestudy period are all used as tools for this analysis. Our results suggest that Sub Saharan AfricanBanks are about 98.35% efficient. We are aware that the level of efficiency could be subject to up anddown swing if environmental factors influencing banks efficiency where taken into consideration.Finally, our result (DEA) is more sensitive to loans, other liabilities, other non interest expense,securities and deposit.

Este estudo utilizou a técnica DEA-SBM para avaliar a eficiência dos bancos brasileiros no ano de 2014 sob a ótica das três abordagens mais recorrentes neste tipo de avaliação: a abordagem da intermediação, produção e rentabilidade. Os escores de eficiência foram avaliados por quintil e pelo teste de mediana Mann-Whitney conforme (1) a origem do capital; (2) público x privado; (3) porte dos bancos; (4) segmento de atuação dos bancos e (5) os ratings dessas instituições. Para desenvolver este estudo foram necessários realizar seis etapas metodológicas. A primeira etapa foi de levantamento das informações financeiras de cada banco, consolidadas e referentes ao ano de 2014. Na segunda etapa foram selecionadas as variáveis analisadas para cada abordagem, compondo cada um dos modelos. Na terceira etapa foram realizadas as exclusões das DMUs com variáveis negativas ou sem informações. A quarta etapa foi de classificação dos bancos. Para classificar os bancos por porte utilizou-se como critério o ativo total, dividindo-os em quartis. A quinta etapa foi de identificação dos escores de eficiência, via software PIM-DEA. Os dados foram avaliados conforme o método DEA-SBM. A sexta e última etapa foi a de análise dos resultados e ocorreu após a obtenção dos escores. Os resultados das amostram foram analisados mediante o emprego de duas técnicas. Inicialmente, aplicou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar se a distribuição dos escores para cada abordagem seguia uma distribuição normal. As análises permitiram extrair dez conclusões e sugerem que os bancos de capital público federal, de Micro Porte, do segmento de Varejo (com exceção para a abordagem de Intermediação) e com nota de rating AAA foram os mais eficientes. / This study has used the DEA-SBM technique to evaluate the efficiency of Brazilian banks in 2014 from the perspective of the three most frequent approaches in this type of evaluation: intermediation, production and profitability approaches. The efficiency scores were evaluated by quintile and the median Mann-Whitney test as (1) the origin of the capital; (2) public x private; (3) size of the banks; (4) of banks operating segment and (5) the ratings of these institutions. To develop this study took hold six methodological steps. The first step was to survey the financial information of each bank, and consolidated for the year 2014. In the second stage we selected the variables for each approach, making each model. In the third step were performed exclusions of DMUs with negative variables or without information. The fourth step was the classification of banks. To sort by size banks was used as a criterion the total assets, dividing them into quartiles. The fifth step was to identify the efficiency scores, DEA via PIM Software. The data were evaluated according to the DEA-SBM method. The sixth and final step was to analyze the results and occurred after obtaining scores. The results of amostram were analyzed by the use of both techniques. Initially, we applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the distribution of the median for each approach followed a normal distribution. The analysis allowed to draw conclusions and ten showed that banks federal public capital, Micro Porte, the Retail segment (except for the intermediation approach) and AAA-rated note were the most efficient.

A análise de eficiência bancária é um tema relevante para a maioria das economias, dada a importância deste setor na intermediação de recursos financeiros. Este trabalho lança luz a questão de como são realizadas as análises de eficiência bancaria utilizando técnicas de fronteira. Desta forma traz a aplicação da metodologia de meta-analise em 47 estudos anteriores que aplicam técnicas de fronteira na mensuração de eficiência em bancos. Encontrou-se como principais técnicas de fronteira utilizadas a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) em suas formulações CCR, BCC e SBM e a Fronteira Estocástica. A compreensão da utilização das técnicas, expostas neste trabalho, permeia a revisão bibliográfica das explicações teóricas destas e uma análise estatística da relação com as variáveis: os anos de publicação, as abordagens em bancos, e a orientação para medição da eficiência utilizada, ou seja, se o estudo considerou a técnica de fronteira com orientação a input ou output. Os resultados indicam uma maior tendência de utilização das técnicas DEA BCC, primordialmente orientados à input e nos anos mais recentes DEA SBM sem orientação. / The bank efficiency analysis is an important issue for most economies, given the importance of this sector in the intermediation of financial resources. This work sheds light the question of how are carried out bank efficiency analysis using frontier techniques. Thus provides the application of meta-analysis methodology in 47 previous studies applying frontier techniques in measuring efficiency in banks. It was found as major frontier techniques: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) in their formulations CCR, BCC and SBM and the Stochastic Frontier. To understanding the use of the techniques presented in, this paper go through the literature review of theoretical explanations and a statistical analysis of the relationship with the variables: year of publication, the approaches in banks, and the orientation for measuring the efficiency used, in other words if the study considered the frontier techniques with orientation to input or output. The results indicate a greater tendency to use the techniques DEA BCC primarily oriented input and in recent years DEA SBM without orientation.

Yes / We assess, for the first time in the literature, the impact of green credit on bank efficiency. We find that green credit has a negative impact on bank efficiency. However, the effect is heterogeneous among different types of banks. While small and low capitalized banks are more affected, the impact is lower in banks with higher levels of risk. On the other hand, we find that highly capitalized banks can offset the negative effects of green credit, while large banks and those highly involved in green credit, benefit from this activity.

This dissertation analyzes the development of the Chinese financial system from different perspectives. It has shed light on the recent advancements of the last decade. Overall, the findings reveal a contrasted picture of the progress achieved towards an efficient system. Chapter 1 has shown that the corporate bond market is still impeded by government influence. Based on this evidence, it is thus very unlikely to expect the banking system to decrease its dominance on the financial system. Chapter 2 also stressed that internal governance mechanisms remain imperfect. By analyzing the market price fluctuations at the time of the announcement of a CEO turnover, we find that ownership type plays a major influence on the expected consequences of such a decision. Chapter 3 revealed that little progress has been made in terms of banking competition despite the increasing number of new entrants in the market. However, banks behaved more efficiently over the decade. No trade-off seems to exist for policy-makers between the benefits of lower banking prices and efficiency of the system. Chapter 4 finally showed the beneficial effects of the capital requirement regulation on bank efficiency in China. Capital requirements, in supplement to provide higher capital buffers, appear to lower moral between banks' shareholders and debtholders.

Cette thèse est construite autour de trois essais empiriques examinant les niveaux d’efficience et les effets de la gouvernance d’entreprise et de la diversification sur l’efficience des banques de l’ASEAN. Avec le premier essai, le modèle AFS de Kumbhakar et al. (2014) est utilisé pour mesurer les niveaux d’efficience des banques commerciales de l’ASEAN. Les résultats font apparaître que les banques de l’ASEAN sont très économiques mais peu rentables. Les banques malaisiennes sont les plus rentables mais les moins économiques, alors que les banques indonésiennes sont les moins rentables mais les plus économiques. Aucune tendance générale à la progression ou au recul du niveau d’efficience ne se dégage sur l’ensemble del’échantillon. Le second essai utilise le modèle Dynamic System GMM pour estimer les effets de différents aspects de la gouvernance d’entreprise sur l’efficience des banques, afin de vérifier toutes les formes d’endogénéité. Il en ressort que les banques ayant les plus fortes participations de l’État et la plus faible indépendance de l’organe de direction ont un meilleur rapport coût-efficience. En outre, on ne trouve pas d’élément de preuve déterminant quant aux effets de la structure de proprieté et des caractéristiques du conseil sur l’efficience profits. Le dernier essai estime l’influence de la diversification sur l’efficience des banques. Les résultats généraux font apparaître une relation positive entre diversification et rapport coût-efficience, mais une relation négative entre diversification et rentabilité. D’autre part, les banques ayant un financement diversifié et une participation de l’État ont un meilleur rapport coût-efficiencemais une rentabilité inférieure à celle des autres banques. De plus, la diversification des financements et des actifs pourrait rendre les banques étrangères moins rentables. / This thesis consists of three empirical essays examining the efficiency levels and the effects of corporate governance and diversification on efficiency of ASEAN banks. Chapter 1 uses Kumbhakar et al.’s (2014) SFA to measure the efficiency levels of ASEAN commercial banks. The results show that ASEAN banks are highly cost efficient but very low profit efficient. Malaysian banks are found to be the most profit efficient but the least cost efficient, while Indonesian banks are the least profit efficient but the most cost efficient. No general trend of increasing or decreasing in efficiency levels is found for the whole sample. In chapter2, to estimate the impacts of various aspects of corporate governance on bank efficiency, the Dynamic System GMM is used with the purpose of control for all forms of endogeneity. The results suggest that banks with higher degrees of government ownership and lower levels of board independence exhibit higher levels of cost efficiency. In addition, no significant evidence is found for the effects of ownership structure and board characteristics on profit efficiency. Chapter 3 estimates the influence of diversification on bank efficiency. The general findings suggest a positive relationship between diversification and cost efficiency buta negative relationship between diversification and profit efficiency. On the other hand, funding-diversified banks associated with government ownership demonstrate higher cost efficiency but lower profit efficiency compared to other banks. While, funding and asset diversification could make foreign banks less profit efficient.

Yes / The purpose of this study is to determine whether Indian banks were able to weather the COVID-19 storm. We estimate banks’ deposits-generating and operating efficiencies using a two-stage directional distance function-based network data envelopment analysis (DDF- NDEA) approach and seek to capture the immediate impact of COVID-19 on these efficiency measures by comparing their magnitudes in the pre-pandemic (2014/15-2019/20), just 1-year prior to the pandemic (2019/20), and during the pandemic year (2020/21) periods. The study looks at whether the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was uniform across ownership types and size classes. The empirical findings suggest that the Indian banking system was resilient and withstood the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the study period, however, the large and medium-sized banks experienced some effi ciency losses. By and large, regardless of bank group, banks have shown resilience to the shock of the global health pandemic and improvements in efficiency. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 28 Dec 2024.

Cette thèse étudie le développement du système financier chinois. Elle dévoile des aspects nouveaux du développement du système financier sur la dernière décennie. Globalement, les résultats montrent que les progrès réalisés vers un système efficient demeurent contrastés. Le premier chapitre montre que le marché obligataire des entreprises non financières est toujours sous influence du gouvernement. Sur la base de cet élément, il est peu probable d’espérer une baisse de la domination du secteur bancaire sur le système financier. Le second chapitre montre que la gouvernance d’entreprise interne reste imparfaite. En analysant les fluctuations des prix des actions au moment de l’annonce d’un changement de P-DG, nous trouvons que le type de propriété de l’entreprise joue une influence majeure sur les conséquences d’une telle décision. Le troisième chapitre révèle que peu de progrès ont été faits en termes de concurrence au sein du secteur bancaire malgré le nombre de nouveaux entrants sur le marché. Cependant, les banques se comportent de façon plus efficiente sur la décennie. Il ne semble pas exister d’arbitrage entre les bénéfices d’une plus grande concurrence et l’efficience du système bancaire en Chine. Le quatrième chapitre montre les effets bénéfiques de la nouvelle réglementation sur les exigences en capital des banques chinoises en termes d’efficience bancaire. Les exigences en capital, en plus de fournir des coussins en capital supplémentaires, apparaissent réduire l’aléa moral entre les actionnaires des banques et leurs créanciers. / This dissertation analyzes the development of the Chinese financial system from different perspectives. It has shed light on the recent advancements of the last decade. Overall, the findings reveal a contrasted picture of the progress achieved towards an efficient system. Chapter 1 has shown that the corporate bond market is still impeded by government influence. Based on this evidence, it is thus very unlikely to expect the banking system to decrease its dominance on the financial system. Chapter 2 also stressed that internal governance mechanisms remain imperfect. By analyzing the market price fluctuations at the time of the announcement of a CEO turnover, we find that ownership type plays a major influence on the expected consequences of such a decision. Chapter 3 revealed that little progress has been made in terms of banking competition despite the increasing number of new entrants in the market. However, banks behaved more efficiently over the decade. No trade-off seems to exist for policy-makers between the benefits of lower banking prices and efficiency of the system. Chapter 4 finally showed the beneficial effects of the capital requirement regulation on bank efficiency in China. Capital requirements, in supplement to provide higher capital buffers, appear to lower moral between banks’ shareholders and debtholders.

本文利用可以同時捕捉到銀行增加意欲產出、減少投入與減少非意欲產出的方向距離函數，評估台灣銀行業與個別銀行在民國93年至97年的無效率值與生產力變化。設定逾期放款為銀行生產放款時的非意欲產出，以考量銀行的放款品質，也考慮到銀行都會付出成本來提供服務給存戶，因此以交易性存款作為銀行提供服務的替代變數，使銀行的服務包含在效率評估內，並以固定的方向向量作為無效率值加總的基礎，來衡量台灣整體銀行業的無效率。實證結果是台灣銀行業的無效率值隨著雙卡風暴的遠去，有逐年遞減的趨勢，生產力的變化則是退步的情況較多。 / In this paper we estimate Taiwanese banks’ efficiency and productivity change during 2004-2008. The estimates are derived from the directional distance function. We treat non-performing loans as an undesirable output arising from the production of loans to measure the quality of loans. Considering every bank would make costs to serve customers, we choose transaction deposits as an alternative variable to capture the service provided by banks. The way we set the directional vector allows the aggregation of individual bank inefficiency and productivity change to the industry level. Our findings indicate that inefficiencies of Taiwanese banking industry were decreasing after the over of credit and cash card debts. And Taiwanese banking industry experienced productivity regress during this period.