DUTRA, Márcia Maria de Medeiros. Fome de Cidadania e o Direito à Alimentação: a percepção dos usuáios do Restaurante Popular Mesa do Povo em Fortaleza-CE. 2007. 128f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2007. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-10T14:43:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-MMMDUTRA.pdf: 763181 bytes, checksum: 0765d86567595ff84f0e3c3411b240ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-10T15:56:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-MMMDUTRA.pdf: 763181 bytes, checksum: 0765d86567595ff84f0e3c3411b240ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-10T15:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-MMMDUTRA.pdf: 763181 bytes, checksum: 0765d86567595ff84f0e3c3411b240ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The eradication of hunger and the promotion of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) are central themes from national policy agenda at present time and in order to achieve this level of priority is a result of a long errand. The Brazilian experience has advanced by strides and has been consolidating on a perspective of building from SAN’s public intersectorial policy and from insertion of Human rights’ approach to an adequate food (DHAA) on the other sectorial policies. Many enterprises are been implemented with different focuses, including the Popular Restaurants’ plan, which its objective is to amplify the access from the vulnerable populations to an adequate food. In spite of the improvements, the population is far from getting their right to food accomplished. The rights’ approach can help with the improvement of the State’s performance, since its introduction until SAN’s actions improvement. Therefore, this investigation proposes to understand the perceptions of “Mesa do Povo” popular restaurant users, located in Fortaleza, in relation to their rights, on a general perspective about citizenship and food as a right. In that clipping, it pretends to understand what measurement the contents from the discussions about SAN’s issues and the food rights, broken out over the last decades, are being appropriated by the public from an act of food security. In that trajectory it was configured the users’ profile and recovered the social-historical process of citizenship and the SAN’s construction. The adopted methodology included bibliographic, documentary and field research, using a qualitative approach through the discussion in focal groups. The findings from this research let clear the magnitude of the gap between the real and the legal situation. It shows the emergency of promoting an education for citizenship and brings up conditions for the population’s empowerment about SAN and DHAA’s issues and, consequently, for the development of an active citizenship in which the community can mobilize itself and claim to have the right to an adequate food. / A erradicação da fome e a promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN são temas centrais da agenda política nacional na atualidade e alcançar esse nível de prioridade é resultado de uma longa caminhada. A experiência brasileira vem avançando a passos largos e se consolidando na perspectiva de construção de uma política pública intersetorial de SAN e da inserção da abordagem de Direitos Humanos a uma Alimentação Adequada - DHAA nas demais políticas setoriais. Iniciativas, com diferentes características, vêm sendo implementadas, dentre elas o Programa Restaurantes Populares, cujo objetivo é ampliar o acesso das populações vulneráveis a uma alimentação adequada. Apesar dos avanços, a população ainda está longe de ver cumprido o seu direito à alimentação e neste sentido a abordagem dos direitos pode colaborar na melhoria do desempenho do Estado, tanto na implantação como no aperfeiçoamento das ações de SAN. Nessa linha de raciocínio, esta investigação se propõe a compreender as percepções dos usuários do Restaurante Popular Mesa do Povo em Fortaleza, sobre o próprio restaurante, sobre direitos sociais, cidadania e alimentação como direito. Nesse recorte, pretende-se entender em que medida os conteúdos dos debates sobre SAN e o direito humano à alimentação adequada, deflagrados ao longo das últimas décadas, estão sendo apropriados pelo público de uma ação de segurança alimentar. Nessa trajetória, foi configurado o perfil dos usuários e recuperados os processos sóciohistóricos de construção da cidadania e da SAN. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizandose nessa ultima, a discussão em grupo focal. Os achados da pesquisa deixam claro a magnitude do fosso entre a situação real e a legal e sinalizam para a necessidade de promover uma educação para a cidadania e criar condições para o empoderamento da população sobre as questões de SAN e sobre o DHAA e conseqüentemente, para o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania ativa em que a sociedade se mobilize e possa cobrar o cumprimento do direito à alimentação adequada.

nÃo hà / A erradicaÃÃo da fome e a promoÃÃo da SeguranÃa Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN sÃo temas centrais da agenda polÃtica nacional na atualidade e alcanÃar esse nÃvel de prioridade à resultado de uma longa caminhada. A experiÃncia brasileira vem avanÃando a passos largos e se consolidando na perspectiva de construÃÃo de uma polÃtica pÃblica intersetorial de SAN e da inserÃÃo da abordagem de Direitos Humanos a uma AlimentaÃÃo Adequada - DHAA nas demais polÃticas setoriais. Iniciativas, com diferentes caracterÃsticas, vÃm sendo implementadas, dentre elas o Programa Restaurantes Populares, cujo objetivo à ampliar o acesso das populaÃÃes vulnerÃveis a uma alimentaÃÃo adequada. Apesar dos avanÃos, a populaÃÃo ainda està longe de ver cumprido o seu direito à alimentaÃÃo e neste sentido a abordagem dos direitos pode colaborar na melhoria do desempenho do Estado, tanto na implantaÃÃo como no aperfeiÃoamento das aÃÃes de SAN. Nessa linha de raciocÃnio, esta investigaÃÃo se propÃe a compreender as percepÃÃes dos usuÃrios do Restaurante Popular Mesa do Povo em Fortaleza, sobre o prÃprio restaurante, sobre direitos sociais, cidadania e alimentaÃÃo como direito. Nesse recorte, pretende-se entender em que medida os conteÃdos dos debates sobre SAN e o direito humano à alimentaÃÃo adequada, deflagrados ao longo das Ãltimas dÃcadas, estÃo sendo apropriados pelo pÃblico de uma aÃÃo de seguranÃa alimentar. Nessa trajetÃria, foi configurado o perfil dos usuÃrios e recuperados os processos sÃciohistÃricos de construÃÃo da cidadania e da SAN. Os procedimentos metodolÃgicos adotados incluÃram pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, documental e de campo, numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizandose nessa ultima, a discussÃo em grupo focal. Os achados da pesquisa deixam claro a magnitude do fosso entre a situaÃÃo real e a legal e sinalizam para a necessidade de promover uma educaÃÃo para a cidadania e criar condiÃÃes para o empoderamento da populaÃÃo sobre as questÃes de SAN e sobre o DHAA e conseqÃentemente, para o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania ativa em que a sociedade se mobilize e possa cobrar o cumprimento do direito à alimentaÃÃo adequada. / The eradication of hunger and the promotion of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) are central themes from national policy agenda at present time and in order to achieve this level of priority is a result of a long errand. The Brazilian experience has advanced by strides and has been consolidating on a perspective of building from SANâs public intersectorial policy and from insertion of Human rightsâ approach to an adequate food (DHAA) on the other sectorial policies. Many enterprises are been implemented with different focuses, including the Popular Restaurantsâ plan, which its objective is to amplify the access from the vulnerable populations to an adequate food. In spite of the improvements, the population is far from getting their right to food accomplished. The rightsâ approach can help with the improvement of the Stateâs performance, since its introduction until SANâs actions improvement. Therefore, this investigation proposes to understand the perceptions of âMesa do Povoâ popular restaurant users, located in Fortaleza, in relation to their rights, on a general perspective about citizenship and food as a right. In that clipping, it pretends to understand what measurement the contents from the discussions about SANâs issues and the food rights, broken out over the last decades, are being appropriated by the public from an act of food security. In that trajectory it was configured the usersâ profile and recovered the social-historical process of citizenship and the SANâs construction. The adopted methodology included bibliographic, documentary and field research, using a qualitative approach through the discussion in focal groups. The findings from this research let clear the magnitude of the gap between the real and the legal situation. It shows the emergency of promoting an education for citizenship and brings up conditions for the populationâs empowerment about SAN and DHAAâs issues and, consequently, for the development of an active citizenship in which the community can mobilize itself and claim to have the right to an adequate food.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A erradicaÃÃo da fome e a promoÃÃo da SeguranÃa Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN sÃo temas centrais da agenda polÃtica nacional na atualidade e alcanÃar esse nÃvel de prioridade à resultado de uma longa caminhada. A experiÃncia brasileira vem avanÃando a passos largos e se consolidando na perspectiva de construÃÃo de uma polÃtica pÃblica intersetorial de SAN e da inserÃÃo da abordagem de Direitos Humanos a uma AlimentaÃÃo Adequada - DHAA nas demais polÃticas setoriais. Iniciativas, com diferentes caracterÃsticas, vÃm sendo implementadas, dentre elas o Programa Restaurantes Populares, cujo objetivo à ampliar o acesso das populaÃÃes vulnerÃveis a uma alimentaÃÃo adequada. Apesar dos avanÃos, a populaÃÃo ainda està longe de ver cumprido o seu direito à alimentaÃÃo e neste sentido a abordagem dos direitos pode colaborar na melhoria do desempenho do Estado, tanto na implantaÃÃo como no aperfeiÃoamento das aÃÃes de SAN. Nessa linha de raciocÃnio, esta investigaÃÃo se propÃe a compreender as percepÃÃes dos usuÃrios do Restaurante Popular Mesa do Povo em Fortaleza, sobre o prÃprio restaurante, sobre direitos sociais, cidadania e alimentaÃÃo como direito. Nesse recorte, pretende-se entender em que medida os conteÃdos dos debates sobre SAN e o direito humano à alimentaÃÃo adequada, deflagrados ao longo das Ãltimas dÃcadas, estÃo sendo apropriados pelo pÃblico de uma aÃÃo de seguranÃa alimentar. Nessa trajetÃria, foi configurado o perfil dos usuÃrios e recuperados os processos sÃciohistÃricos de construÃÃo da cidadania e da SAN. Os procedimentos metodolÃgicos adotados incluÃram pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, documental e de campo, numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizandose nessa ultima, a discussÃo em grupo focal. Os achados da pesquisa deixam claro a magnitude do fosso entre a situaÃÃo real e a legal e sinalizam para a necessidade de promover uma educaÃÃo para a cidadania e criar condiÃÃes para o empoderamento da populaÃÃo sobre as questÃes de SAN e sobre o DHAA e conseqÃentemente, para o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania ativa em que a sociedade se mobilize e possa cobrar o cumprimento do direito à alimentaÃÃo adequada. / The eradication of hunger and the promotion of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) are central themes from national policy agenda at present time and in order to achieve this level of priority is a result of a long errand. The Brazilian experience has advanced by strides and has been consolidating on a perspective of building from SANâs public intersectorial policy and from insertion of Human rightsâ approach to an adequate food (DHAA) on the other sectorial policies. Many enterprises are been implemented with different focuses, including the Popular Restaurantsâ plan, which its objective is to amplify the access from the vulnerable populations to an adequate food. In spite of the improvements, the population is far from getting their right to food accomplished. The rightsâ approach can help with the improvement of the Stateâs performance, since its introduction until SANâs actions improvement. Therefore, this investigation proposes to understand the perceptions of âMesa do Povoâ popular restaurant users, located in Fortaleza, in relation to their rights, on a general perspective about citizenship and food as a right. In that clipping, it pretends to understand what measurement the contents from the discussions about SANâs issues and the food rights, broken out over the last decades, are being appropriated by the public from an act of food security. In that trajectory it was configured the usersâ profile and recovered the social-historical process of citizenship and the SANâs construction. The adopted methodology included bibliographic, documentary and field research, using a qualitative approach through the discussion in focal groups. The findings from this research let clear the magnitude of the gap between the real and the legal situation. It shows the emergency of promoting an education for citizenship and brings up conditions for the populationâs empowerment about SAN and DHAAâs issues and, consequently, for the development of an active citizenship in which the community can mobilize itself and claim to have the right to an adequate food

Thesis (DPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation I explore people’s perceptions of the causes of poverty. Literature reveals that there are three broad theoretical explanations of perceptions of the causes of poverty: individualistic explanations, where blame is placed squarely on the poor themselves; structural explanations, where poverty is blamed on external social and economic forces; and fatalistic explanations, which attribute poverty to factors such as bad luck or illness. Furthermore, the findings of studies reviewed showed that these explanations interact with socio-economic and demographic variables such as race, geographical location, education, lived poverty index (LPI), living standard measure (LSM) and employment. I therefore critically examine explanations of poverty among South Africans as measured by individualistic, structural and fatalistic dimensions and how it interacts with the socio-economic and demographic variables. Employing a national representative survey of 3510 adults aged 18 and older conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council between 18 April and 30 May 2006 the findings of the present study confirmed most of the theoretical arguments cited in the literature. For instance, South Africans, in general, perceive the causes of poverty in structural terms, but a large proportion of respondents also perceive the causes of poverty in individualistic terms. Access to basic necessities influenced perceptions of the causes of poverty since the poor mostly perceived poverty in structural rather than individualistic terms. White South Africans in contrast to black Africans perceive the causes of poverty mostly in individualistic terms. Coloured respondents are the most fatalistic in their perceptions of the causes of poverty. Further analysis show that respondents living in traditional areas compared to those in urban formal areas are less likely to have structural perceptions of the causes of poverty. This is a very interesting finding because my examination on the extent of lived poverty in showed that the urban formal areas have the smallest proportion of respondents that have gone without basic necessities over the past year if contrasted to the traditional, rural formal and urban informal areas. I found that education had no significant impact on structural perceptions of the causes of poverty. In spite of my assessment of the extent of access to basic necessities which revealed that a large proportion of respondents with primary education compared to those with tertiary education go without these basic necessities. In addition, the study found that the relationship between the socio-economic and demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty is considerably more complex and that it is possible for the race group, level of education, employment status and geographical location of the respondent all to interact in a multidimensional manner and have an impact on how the causes of poverty is perceived. However, the three linear regressions examining the relationship between the socio-economic and demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty should be interpreted with caution because the explanatory power of the three regression models is quite weak (as indicated by Adjusted R²). In sum, the present study is extremely relevant in many ways and makes a unique contribution at both a methodological and policy level. Methodologically, the findings showed that the LPI may contribute to the proposed poverty line suggested for South Africa. As such, the findings offer a valuable message for the country’s decision makers about South Africans’ perceptions of the causes of poverty. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die persepsies van die publiek met verwysing na die oorsake van armoede. Die literatuur dui op drie breë teoretiese verklarings aangaande persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede: individualistiese verklarings wat die blaam vierkantig op die armes self plaas, strukturele verklarings wat armoede toeskryf aan eksterne sosiale en ekonomiese magte en dan fatalistiese verklarings wat armoede toeskryf aan faktore soos die noodlot of siekte. Navorsing toon dat hierdie verklarings in interaksie met sosio-demografies, ekonomiese veranderlikes soos ras, geografiese ligging, opvoeding, indiensneming; die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ en geslag verkeer. Die huidige verhandeling ondersoek dus krities die verklarings, in terme van armoede onder Suid-Afrikaners, soos gemeet deur die individualistiese, strukturele en fatalistiese dimensies en hul interaksie met sosio-demografiese en ekonomiese veranderlikes. ‘n Nasionale verteenwoordingende opname van 3,510 volwassenes, 18 jaar en ouer wat tussen 18 April en 30 Mei 2009 deur die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing uitgevoer het die meeste van die teoretiese argumente waarna in die literatuur verwys word bevestig. Byvoorbeeld, Suid-Afrikaners het oor die algemeen armoede vanuit strukturele perspektief waargeneem. Groot proporsie van respondente het armoede egter aan individualistiese faktore toegeskryf. Toegang tot basiese noodsaaklikhede het die persepsies van armoede beïnvloed aangesien die armes armoede meestal toegeskryf het aan strukturele eerder as individualistiese dimensies. Blankes, in vergelyking met Swart Suid-Afrikaners, het individualistiese eerder as strukturele persepties getoon. Kleurling repondente was die mees fatalisties aangaande hul persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede. Respondente wat in tradisionele landelike areas woon het armoede in mindere mate toegeskryf aan strukturele persepsies in vergelyking met repondente woonagtig in formele stedelike areas. Dit was baie interesante resultaat omdat daar verwag is dat respondente wat in tradisionele landelike areas woon armoede eerder sou toeskryf aan strukturele persepsies, terwyl repondente woonagtig in formele stedelike areas meer individualistiese persepsies sou openbaar. Die studie het ook bevind dat opvoeding en indiensneming geen merkwaardige invloed het op persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede nie. ‘n Verdere bevinding van die studie was dat die verhouding tussen die sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en fatalistiese persepsies van armoede aansienlik meer ingewikkeld en kompleks is. Dit is dus moontlik dat die rassegroep, vlak van opvoeding, indiensnemingstatus en geografiese ligging van respondent saam op multi-dimensionele manier in interaksie kan verkeer en dus impak kan hê op hoe armoede deur die respondent gesien word. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat die drie regressie analises wat die verhouding tussen die sosioekonomiese en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en fatalistiese persepsies van armoede ondersoek baie versigtig geinterpreteer moet word aangesien die verklaringsterkte van die drie regressies baie swak is. Ter opsomming was die studie onder bespreking uiters relevant ten opsigte van verskeie areas en het dit dus unieke bydrae gemaak tot beide metodologiese en beleidskwessies. Metodologies het die bevindinge getoon dat die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ kan bydra tot die voorgestelde armoede-lyn vir Suid-Afrika. Die bevindinge bied waardevolle inligting vir die land se besluitnemers aangaande Suid-Afrikaners se persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede.