The Weinsberg Composite Pluton, located in the southern part of the Moldanubian Batholith is a large intrusive body with complex internal fabrics, petrogenesis and emplacement processes. On the basis of geochemistry and zircon morphology classification the dominating lithology in the northeastern part of the pluton seems to be the second type of the Weinsberg granitoids (WbG II). Based on the integration of the structural, petrological and geochemical data set acquired from the investigated area, the interpretation of geodynamic evolution and emplacement of the eastern part of the Weinsberg Pluton could be proposed. This interpretation invokes: (a) indentation and underthrusting of a continental microplate (Brunia) in the east at around ~340-330 Ma, driving mantle delamination and subsequent heating and anatexis in the metapelitic lower crust as the heterogeneous source for Weinsberg- and Eisgarn-types of granitoids; (b) subsequent growth of a large metamorphic dome along the edge of the Brunia indentor followed by polyphase emplacement of entire eastern part of the Moldanubian Batholith around ~330-325 Ma including the Weinsberg Composite Pluton in the south; (c) increasing role of the N-S shortening and associated NW-SE dextral shearing along localized shear zones which caused the prevailing...

A-type granites form in anorogenic settings and typically have high REE concentrations, K2O, Na2O, SiO2, FeOtotal, but low contents of Al2O3, MgO, CaO compared to other granite types. They have been divided in two groups according to their geochemical characteristics: differentiates of mantle-derived magmas (A1), and granites that are the result of melting depleted, lower crust (A2). The two largest A-type granites of the Mesozoic White Mountain Batholith of New Hampshire are the Mount Osceola and Conway granites. Electron microprobe analyses of biotite and amphibole in both granites are similar to those in other A-type granites: Fe-rich, but low MgO, and Al2O3. Whole-rock major and trace elements compositions of the Mount Osceola and the Conway granites are similar; both have high contents of REE, Zr, Nb, high Nb/Y ratios, and low CaO, Eu, and Sr and other compatible elements. Based on their high Nb/Y ratios, both granites are classified as mantle-derived magmas (A1). Microanalyses of ẟ18O and ƐHf of zircon show significant crustal contamination in both granites. The ẟ18O values for zircons from the Mount Osceola are between 7.4-8.9‰, and for the Conway Granite are 7.0-8.1‰. These values are distinct from mantle zircon (ẟ18O 5.3±0.3‰), which indicates large degrees of crustal contamination in both granites. Additionally, ƐHf (188Ma) for the Mount Osceola zircon ranges from -1.1 to +3.4, and those from the Conway Granite range from -2.1 to +4.6, indicating magma derivation in depleted mantle (ƐHf > 0) along with a crustal component. Although both granites have A1 compositions suggesting a mantle-derivation, this simple process is not recorded by the zircons. These zircons crystallized after considerable crustal contamination of mantle-derived A1 magmas and missed capturing the signature of that mantle component.

No description available.

Travel times from a refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic survey across the Coast Plutonic Complex and Stikine terrane of British Columbia were inverted to derive two dimensional P and S-wave seismic velocity models of the crust and uppermost mantle. A felsic upper crust and a felsic to intermediate middle crust are observed in both the batholith complex and the accreted Stikine island arc terrane. The P and S wave models demonstrate a high-velocity (P 7.0 km/s, S 3.8 km/s) layer in the lower crust beneath the youngest (late Cretaceous to Eocene) portion of the continental arc complex. In contrast, the lower crust under the Stikine terrane has lower velocities consistent with amphibolite or other hydrated mafic rocks. The Moho is at ~35 km depth under the Stikine terrane, deepens to ~38 km beneath the youngest portion of the arc, then shallows towards the coast. The high velocity zone under the younger portion of the Coast Plutonic Complex has a 1.81 Vp/Vs ratio and is interpreted to have a bulk composition of mafic garnet granulite. This garnet granulite and large volumes of granodiorite-dominated melt were created by arc dehydration melting of amphibolite (or hydrated gabbro) in the pre-existing lower crust Reverse time migration method was applied to image aftershocks recorded by a dense array deployed after the 2011 Virginia earthquake. Events as tiny as magnitude -2 were successfully imaged as point sources. The propagation of energy release as a function of time and space was observed for events larger than magnitude 2.5. Spatial resolution of the images was ~200 m, which synthetic data tests show was primarily limited by the temporal sampling rate. Improved temporal and spatial sampling could produce images with sharper resolution. / Ph. D.

The Alisitos arc segment forms part of the western zone of Jura-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith of Baja California. It extends south from the ancestral Agua Blanca Fault to the state boundary between Baja Norte and Sur. The study area is located within a fold and thrust belt intruded by a number of plutons that were emplaced during and after the deformational event. The northern end of the Alisitos arc is characterized by subvertical tight to isoclinal folds and high-angle reverse faults that define a northwest trending, southwest vergent fold and thrust belt. The aABF defines the northern limit to the Alisitos arc segment. In this study we present the results of a petrographic study of igneous rocks in order to determine the relative timing and the distribution of deformation within the northern Alisitos arc segment. The study includes samples of the mylonitic shear zone of the aABF, and plutonic samples from intrusions proximal to the aABF emplaced later during regional deformation. These samples were investigated in order to characterize the distribution of the subsolidus strain in grain scale and the sense of shear during later phases of deformation in the northern Alisitos arc. The results are presented and discussed based on the mineralogical and textural observations from the Balbuena pluton, the Piedra Rodada pluton, and volcaniclastics that were deformed within the aABF. The Balbuena pluton, emplaced at ~ 108 Ma after the surrounding country rocks had already been folded, exhibits little if any evidence for subsolidus deformation. In contrast, the Piedra Rodada pluton, emplaced at ~ 105 Ma just to the southwest of the aABF, exhibits a strong magmatic fabric overprinted by a moderate subsolidus fabric to the southwest that grades into a strong subsolidus fabric with proximity to the fault. Kinematics observed from lineation parallel-foliation normal sections exhibit consistent top-to-the southwest sense of shear.

Submitted by Igor Matos (igoryure.rm@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T14:38:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Jennifer Cardoso Farias Almada.pdf: 5724861 bytes, checksum: 75d76d597050375391c29d0a04f80995 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T15:18:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Jennifer Cardoso Farias Almada.pdf: 5724861 bytes, checksum: 75d76d597050375391c29d0a04f80995 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T15:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Jennifer Cardoso Farias Almada.pdf: 5724861 bytes, checksum: 75d76d597050375391c29d0a04f80995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / CAPES / Os estágios do período pós-cosilisional do Ciclo Brasialiano/Panafricano na região de Cocalinho, porção leste do estado de Mato Grosso, divisa com o estado de Goiás, é marcado por corpos graníticos intrusivos associados a rochas máficas e ultramáficas. O Plutão Itacaiu é um corpo extenso e alongado segundo um trend regional, na direção NE/SW. É caracterizado por um magmatismo expressivo de natureza alcalina e composição que varia de monzo a álcali-feldspato-granitos. Este extenso corpo é definido por três fácies petrográficas denominadas de Fácies Biotita-Granito, Fácies RiebeckitaBiotita-Granito e Fácies Biotita-Granito Porfirítico. Os granitóides imprimem evidências de processos deformacionais decorrentes de duas fases de deformação, representada principalmente pelo desenvolvimento da foliação penetrativa marcada pela orientação preferencial dos minerais placóides, com direção NE e mergulho para SE, variando de baixo a alto ângulo, e foliação milonítica decorrente do cisalhamento de característica transcorrente. A composição química permitiu classificar essas rochas como granitos do tipo-A, gerados em ambiente de arco magmático e intra-placa pós-colisional. Dados geocronológicos U/Pb extraídas de cristais de zircão indicaram idade de cristalização variando de 806.6±4.0 a 582.9±6.3 Ma, consistentes com aquelas registradas para o Arco Magmático de Goiás. Idades modelo TDM= 0.97 a 1.08 Ga, mostram valores positivo εNd(T) = +4.39, +4.31,+3.69. Os valores positivos de εNd sugerem um empobrecimento do magma que deu origem aos granitóides em ETR leves. O valor negativo de εNd indica origem a partir de fusão parcial de crosta continental Paleoproterozóica. As rochas máficas-ultramáficas ocorrem alinhadas aproximadamente a leste-oeste, com variáveis níveis de alteração. Definem um magmatismo toleítico a cálcio-alcalino, metaluminoso, de caráter intermediário a ultrabásico. Os estudos isotópicos sugerem caráter juvenil do magma parental, devido aos valores positivos de εNd(T). As idades modelo variam de TDM = 0,71 a 1,44Ga e estão relacionadas a outras unidades de rochas juvenis do Arco Magmático de Goiás / Post-collisional stages of the Brasiliano/Pan-African Cycle in the region of Cocalinho on eastern Mato Grosso, bordering the State of Goiás, are represented by granitic intrusive bodies associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks. The Itacaiu Pluto is an NE-SWelongated body conform to the regional trend. It is characterized by a expressive magmatism of alkaline nature and composition ranging from monzo the alkali-feldspargranites. This extensive body is defined by three petrographic facies termed biotitegranite Facies, riebeckite-biotite-granite Facies and biotite-granite porphyry Facies. The granitoids show evidence of deformational processes resulting two-phase of deformation, represented mainly by development of penetrative foliation marked by the preferred orientation of minerals placoid, with direction NE and dip to SE, ranging from low to high angle, and mylonitic foliation resultant by strike-slip shear. The chemical composition allowed to classify the rocks as granite type-A, generated in magmatic arc environment and intra-plate post-collisional. Geochronological data U / Pb extracted in zircon crystals indicated crystallization age ranging from 806.6 ± 4.0 to 582.9 ± 6.3 Ma, consistent with those recorded for the Goiás Magmatic Arc. model ages TDM= 0.97 to 1.8 Ga, show positive values of εNd(T) = +4.39, +4.31,+3.69. Positive values of εNd suggest impoverishment of the magma that gave rise to the granitoids in LREE. The negative value of εNd indicates origin from partial melting of continental crust Paleoproterozoic. The rocks mafic-ultramafic occur aligned approximately east-west, with varying degrees of alteration. Define a tholeiitic to calcium-alkaline magmatism, metaluminous, of character intermediate to ultrabasic. The Isotopic studies suggest juvenile character of the parental, magma due to positive values εNd(T). The model ages ranging from TDM = 0.71 to 1,44 Ga and are related to other units of juvenile rocks of the Goiás Magmatic Arc.

There are four distinguishable groundwater systems in the Boise area, Idaho, U.S.A., identified as modern batholith, thermal batholith, Boise frontal fault, and Nampa-Caldwell systems (Figure 1). Modern batholith and thermal batholith groundwaters are located in Tertiary to Cretaceous aged granites and granodiorites of the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho Batholith. The frontal fault system near Boise, ID defines the southeastern edge of the Idaho Batholith, and divides the batholith from the western Snake River Plain. The Nampa-Caldwell system is in the volcanic, fluvial and pluvial sediments of the western Snake River Plain. Groundwater ages for these systems are modern, 5-15 ka, 10-20 ka, and 20-40 ka respectively. Local meteoric water lines (LMWL) using the delta 2H and delta 18O composition of the groundwater were defined for each system using linear regression techniques. LMWL had variable and defined single slopes of 6.94 and 8. Deuterium excess values (d) were found for each system for each linear regression method. Relative differences of the deuterium excess value assuming the two single slope methods were similar. Changes in moisture source humidity and temperature, and Boise area recharge temperatures calculated from stable isotopic data and the deuterium excess factor agree with other published data. At the moisture source there was a 9% humidity increase and a 7-6 °C decrease of sea surface temperature between the present and the last glacial maximum (LGM). The local temperature decreased 4-5 °C from the present to the LGM for the Boise area.

The thermal springs along the Middle Fork of the Boise River (MFBR) within the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho batholith discharge in discrete locations that appear to be part of self-organizing flow systems. Infiltrating water flows through Basin and Range fractures to depth where it is heated and ultimately discharged at the intersection of trans-Challis oriented faults along the MFBR. Isotopic compositions of the thermal waters have a linear trend with elevation suggesting that the recharge locations are near each thermal spring and the hydrothermal system is not one large interconnected system, but rather multiple individual hydrothermal systems. Water chemically evolves along the hydrothermal flow paths dissolving feldspars and precipitating secondary minerals. PHREEQC inverse modeling of the chemical evolution based on identified minerals within the system predicts positive volume changes in the pore space within the hydrothermal flow systems can occur. Precipitation of secondary minerals is likely to occur in the cooler, subsidiary, less-efficient fractures of the hydrothermal system. Flow areas calculated using heat flow, exponential decay, and a combination of the two, show that the topographic watershed is inadequate to accommodate the water supporting the thermal springs indicating that water is being captured from outside the watershed. The positive volume changes coupled with the water capture is evidence of positive feedback loops are active within the hydrothermal system providing a mechanism for self-organization to occur in the hydrothermal systems of granite.

The geological history of the Early Palaeozoic in eastern Australia is not known precisely. The eastern margin of the outcropping Precambrian Craton 'Tasman Line' is poorly understood. The Thomson Orogen, which underlies much of eastern Queensland, lies to the east of the Tasman Line. Basement to the Tasman Orogenic Zone is poorly understood, but knowledge of this basement is critical to our understanding to the processes that formed the eastern margin of the Precambrian craton. The Lolworth-Ravenswood Province lies to the east of the Tasman Line in northeast Queensland. A study of basement terranes in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province will therefore provide some insights as to the nature of crust beneath this area, and therefore to the basement to the Thomson Orogen. The Fat Hen Creek Complex comprises para-authchthonous bodies of granitoid within middle to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. Data contained herein demonstrate that the composition and geochemistry of the granitoid are compatible with the generation of the granitoid by partial anatexis of the metamorphic rocks that are part of the Cape River Metamorphics. Temperature and pressure of anatexis is determined to be between 800-850OC and 5-9kb. Under these conditions, experimental data indicate that meta-pelite and meta-greywacke will produce between 5-10% melt coexisting with biotite, cordierite, garnet and plagioclase. The mineralogy of the granitoid bodies in the Fat Hen Creek Complex is consistent with partial anatexis of meta-greywacke at these temperatures and pressures. 5-10% melt is generally insufficient to allow efficient separation of melt and restite. The granitoids of the Fat Hen Creek Complex are interpreted as being a closed system with melt generated during high-grade metamorphism not separating from the residium. U/Pb dating of zircon from the Fat Hen Creek Complex indicate two distinct periods of zircon growth. The older episode occurred during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. A second episode is dated as Middle Ordovician. This younger age coincides with the onset of regional compression, and may be related to exhumation of a mid-crustal layer during thrusting. The Lolworth Batholith is one of three granite batholiths in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. It comprises mainly muscovite-biotite granite, with smaller areas of hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite. Sills and dykes of muscovite and garnet-muscovite leucogranite extensively intrude both of these types. The hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite is metaluminous, with petrographic and geochemical characteristics similar to the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. U-Pb SHRIMP ages also overlap with those from the Ravenswood Batholith. ENd(tc) values of ~-3 suggest a significant crustal contribution in the magma. Zircon populations determined using the SHRIMP suggest some inheritance from a Neoproterozoic source. The two-mica granites make up over 80% of the batholith and show little variation throughout. Aluminium Saturation indices range dominantly from 1-1.1, in keeping with the muscovite-bearing nature of the granites. U-Pb ages are significantly younger than the hornblende-biotite granitoids. ENd(tc) is ~-10, suggesting a greater role for crustal material in these granites than in the hornblende-bearing varieties. Previously, these granites were interpreted as S-types, mainly on the basis of the presence of muscovite. Low Na/Ca and Na greater than K are both considered as indicators of source compositions and both are characteristic of a mafic igneous rather than a meta-sedimentary source. Anatexis of mafic igneous rocks at temperatures less than~1000OC are found experimentally to produce peraluminous melts similar to those which produced the two-mica granites. The third major rock-type in the Lolworth Batholith is muscovite leucogranite, which occurs as sills and dykes intruding older granites and basement. The age of the leucogranite was not determined, but it has sharp contacts with the two-mica granite suggesting that the latter had cooled prior to intrusion of the former. The leucogranite is strongly peraluminous and is deemed to have been derived from anatexis of a supra-crustal (meta-sedimentary) source. The batholith is therefore deemed to comprise three different elements. The hornblende-biotite granitoids are the western extension of the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. The two-mica granite and muscovite leucogranite are derived from different sources, but may be part of the same crustal anatexis event. During the Early Palaeozoic, the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province saw the intrusion of three granite batholiths into a basement of Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian meta-sedimentary rocks. Also, Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician and Middle Ordovician high-grade metamorphism accompanied by partial anatexis is recorded at several sites across northeast Queensland. Although this metamorphism is restricted to these sites, they are widespread across the area suggestive of a widespread metamorphic event at these times. Similar metamorphism is recorded in the Arunta Inlier in Central Australia increasing the possible extent of this event. The geochemistry, isotopic characteristics and zircon populations of granites in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province are used to characterise their source rocks; and thus the basement to the Province. Precambrian basement is indicated to underlie the entire province. However, the source rocks for the eastern part of the Province (Ravenswood and into the Lolworth Batholiths) are different to source rocks for the western part of the Province. Georgetown-type crust extends eastwards from the outcropping area, extending under the western Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. Late Mesoproterozoic rocks are recorded from the Cape River area adjacent to the Lolworth Batholith. They are also indicated as source-rocks for granites in the Ravenswood Batholith. Rocks of this age are characteristic of Grenvillian-age mobile belts in the United States. Their presence in north Qeensland has implications for the breakup of Rodinia, the Mesoproterozoic-age super continent that broke up during the Neoproterozoic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Marcio_Ramos_Botelho.pdf: 7363575 bytes, checksum: 7093095943e8e185a759d62d75529be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-02 / Dark subsurface horizons with morphological characteristics similar to sombric horizonts have been found in southern Brazil, particularly in the higher areas of the Pelotas Batholith, located in the eastern portion of the Escudo Sul-rio-grandense. The sombric horizon, initially identified by soil scientists who worked in the Belgian Congo, constitutes a diagnostic horizon in soil classification systems of FAO and Soil Taxonomy, but not in the Brazilian system. The conception of sombric horizon in these classification systems is of a free draining subsurface horizon, containing iluvial humus not associated with aluminum or dispersible by sodium, with value and/or lower chroma than the overlying horizon. In the field it can be differentiated from the buried A horizon by monitoring lateral variations and in the laboratory by analyzing thin sections. The mechanisms responsible for the genesis of the sombric horizon are still poorly understood, although most authors agree on the illuvial humus origin and that it constitutes a diagnostic horizon. Considering the need to characterize the occurrence of such horizons in the region and the possible reasons for its genesis this work aimed to describe the occurrence of soil profiles exhibiting dark subsurface horizons with similar morphology to the sombric horizon in the region of Pelotas Batholith and to investigate the organic matter involved in the process. To achieve this goal physical, chemical, morphological, mineralogical and isotopic studies were performed in ten soil profiles with dark subsurface horizons, two of them without the sombric morphological characteristics and another one with morphological evidence of buried A horizon, and two degraded areas. The results showed that: a) the position of the dark subsurface horizons coincide with the A2, AB, BA horizons, top of B horizon or AC/CR; b) the horizons with morphology similar to sombric are not buried horizons, as indicated by particle size analysis, mineralogy, morphology and lateral variations of these horizons in the field, c) the fractionation of humic substances indicated a process of illuviation of organic matter, especially humic acids, for all soil samples, showing that the illuviation of organic material occurs not only in profiles with sombric horizons; d) the absence of the E horizon, associated with the Al + ½ Feo criteria, optical density of oxalate extract, chemical fractionation and significant presence of illuvial subsurface cutans indicate that the podzolization process is only incipient in the soil profiles; d) the C isotopic composition indicate that a part of the dark subsurface horizons have organic matter from C4-type plants (grasslands), differing from to the present. In other profiles, there is a mixture of C3 plants (forests) and C4 plants with little or no variation from the current vegetation, suggesting that the genesis of these horizons is not related only to changes in vegetation; f) a significant part of the soils located on the Pelotas Batholith present are not adequately classified in the Brazilian soil classification system, g) the adoption of the horizon or sombric character and changes in the Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados suborder in future editions of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification would fit better a significant part of the soil profiles of the study area. / Horizontes subsuperficiais escuros com características morfológicas similares ao sômbrico têm sido encontrados na região Sul do Brasil, particularmente nas áreas mais elevadas do Batólito Pelotas, situado na porção leste do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense. O sômbrico, inicialmente identificado por pedólogos belgas que trabalharam no Congo, constitui um horizonte diagnóstico nos sistemas de classificação de solos da FAO e da Soil Taxonomy, mas não no sistema brasileiro. A concepção de horizonte sômbrico nestes sistemas de classificação é a de um horizonte subsuperficial de drenagem livre, contendo húmus iluvial não associado ao alumínio, nem dispersável pelo sódio, com valor e/ou croma menores do que o horizonte sobrejacente. No campo pode ser diferenciado do horizonte A enterrado pelo acompanhamento das variações laterais ou no laboratório por análise em secções delgadas. Os mecanismos responsáveis pela gênese do horizonte sômbrico são ainda pouco compreendidos, apesar da maioria dos autores concordarem com a origem do húmus iluvial e de constituir horizonte diagnóstico. Diante da necessidade de caracterizar a ocorrência desse tipo de horizonte na região e do entendimento da gênese destes objetivou-se neste trabalho descrever a ocorrência de solos com horizontes de morfologia similar à do sômbrico na região do Batólito Pelotas e investigar o tipo de matéria orgânica envolvido no processo. Para atingir este objetivo foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas, morfológicas, mineralógicas e isotópicas em dez perfis de solos da região com horizontes subsuperficiais escuros, sendo dois deles sem as características morfológicas de sômbrico e outro com indícios morfológicos de horizonte A enterrado, além de duas áreas degradadas. A análise dos resultados permitiu verificar que: a) a posição destes horizontes coincide com os horizontes A2, AB, BA, topo do horizonte B ou ainda AC/CR; (b) os horizontes com morfologia similar a do sômbrico não constituem horizontes enterrados, conforme indicado pela análise granulométrica, mineralogia, morfologia e variações laterais destes horizontes no campo; c) o fracionamento das substâncias húmicas indicou haver um processo de iluviação de matéria orgânica, principalmente de ácidos húmicos, para todos os perfis estudados, mostrando que a iluviação de material orgânico não ocorre somente nos perfis com horizontes ―sômbricos‖; d) a ausência do horizonte E, associado aos critérios de Al + ½ Feo, densidade ótica do extrato de oxalato, fracionamento químico e presença significativa de cutans de iluviação em subsuperfície indicam que o processo de podzolização é apenas incipiente nos perfis; e) a composição isotópica do carbono indica que uma parte dos horizontes subsuperficiais escuros possui matéria orgânica oriunda de plantas do tipo C4 (gramíneas), com variação isotópica em relação à vegetação atual. Em outros, há mistura de plantas C3 (florestas) e C4 com pouca ou nenhuma variação em relação à vegetação atual, sugerindo que a gênese destes horizontes não esteja relacionada somente a mudanças na vegetação; f) parte significativa dos solos do Batólito Pelotas apresenta problemas de enquadramento na atual classificação brasileira de solos; g) a adoção do horizonte ou caráter sômbrico e mudanças na subordem dos Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados em edições futuras do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos enquadraria melhor uma significativa parte dos perfis da área de estudo.