The purpose of this study was to further investigate the tripartite typology of batterers, proposed initially by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994). This study empirically examined the typologies of male batterers based on personality characteristics followed by an examination of the possible differences between batterer typologies based on attachment dimensions, severity of violence in current adult romantic relationships, witnessing or experiencing family of origin violence, and family of origin dynamics. Participants in this study include a sample of 93 court-mandated adult males who were on probation for some type of spousal abuse. Data was obtained by administering a demographic form, severity of abuse rating form, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory- III (Millon, Davis, Millon, 1997), Straus?? (1979) Conflict Tactics Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III)(Olson, Portner, & Labee, 1985), and the Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Reid, 1990). Four clusters of men were identified as Borderline/Dysphoric (B/D), Antisocial (A), Non-Pathological (N-P), and Depressive (D). Three of the groups resembled the predicted subtypes (B/D, A, and N-P). The results of this study indicated that the N-P subtype is most consistent with the proposed typology and with previous literature. Distinctions between the B/D and A subtypes were not as clear and differences were inconsistent with the manner predicted by the theoretical typology on several of the research questions. Scores on the attachment dimensions were consistent for the B/D and N-P groups, but not for the A group. Severity of violence for the N-P group was supported but results indicated that the B/D subtype reported greater severity of violence than the A subtype, contrary to the theoretical typology. Differences in violence frequencies outside the home were not found. Support was found for the hypothesis that the N-P subtype would report experiencing and witnessing the least amounts of family of origin violence but results indicated that the B/D and A subtypes differed in a manner inconsistent with the proposed typology. Lastly, support was not found for the hypothesized differences between the subtypes on family of origin measure. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

The engagement process in group therapy is a significant step in the treatment of clients in building feelings of safety and inclusion, which becomes challenging when the clientele is attending involuntarily. The following research project monitored the progress of a 20-week batterer intervention program, measuring the perceived effectiveness of the facilitator in engaging the clients, and the congruency of the facilitator’s and the participants perceived level of engagement. The observations of groups and the facilitator’s interview proved helpful in determining that group members and the facilitator did have likeminded perceptions of group engagement, but perception of the level at which the participants were presumably engaged in the therapeutic process was different. This study could impact social work practice by encouraging modification of the criteria for group members, and diversifying the therapeutic techniques used by facilitators.

This study examined the role that rigid sex-role stereotyping and male socialization played in differentiating the three typologies of male batterers. The first purpose was to utilize a cluster analysis to determine whether the three male batterer clusters (Family Only (FO), Borderline-Dysphoric (BD) and Generally Violent- Antisocial (GVA)) theorized by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) could be reproduced using the MMPI-2. 101 adult court referred males on probation for domestic violence were given the MMPI-2, and three distinct batterer typologies emerged. Once the clusters were established, this study attempted to determine if the theoretical model proposed by Jennings and Murphy (2000), which emphasized male socialization and its potential effect on male-female interactions within intimate relationships, is influential in creating differentiation among the cluster typologies. Specifically, an emphasis was placed on examining how the FO male batterer cluster differed from the BD and GVA clusters. Four variables were theorized to best represent Jennings and Murphy'™s (2000) model, including: the Masculine-Feminine (MF) clinical scale, Social Introversion (Si) clinical scale, Gender-Masculine (GM) supplementary scale and Low Self-Esteem (LSE) content scale. A MANOVA was utilized to see if the three batterer typologies differed on the variables (MF, Si, GM, and LSE) that encompass the male socialization construct. Results indicated that statistically significant differentiation did exist between the three clusters. Furthermore, there was indication that the FO men adhered more closely to rigid traditional male roles and displayed higher self-esteem. Discussion focused on the importance of matching treatment to batterer typology and the importance of incorporating discussion of male socialization into group therapy treatment.

This national survey reports the current state of batterer intervention programs (BIP) and the provision of batterer intervention services. BIP directors (N = 150) provide data regarding program structure, service characteristics, referral processes, client characteristics, evaluation activities, and recidivism. Results indicate that BIP have become more independent of parent agencies and two-thirds are completely selfsupporting from client fees. Current development of specific treatment tracks and the screening of clients for these tracks are judged to be inadequate. This survey is believed to be the largest to date and the first on a national scale in 20 years. Recommendation is made for national coordination of BIP efforts.

abstract: The question of how to reduce the recidivism rates among IPV offenders is one that plagues criminologists to this day. Though a difficult issue to address, educational treatment programs have started to gain popularity as one idea to achieve this reduction. By examining the dataset from the “Domestic Violence Experiment in King's County (Brooklyn), New York, 1995-1997,” conducted by Robert C. Davis et al. (2000), it was found that the results of the educational program showed a great promise in reducing recidivism rates. Though it is important to focus on and analyze the results from this study, it is also important to extrapolate from them by running and examining specific models and variables with the dataset. Focusing on specific variables within the dataset allows researchers to find different themes and results in smaller ideologies of research, versus trying to find one overall answer on how to reduce recidivism. By examining specific variables such as length of relationship, I wonder how length of relationship between an IPV offender and victim impact recidivism rates? This thesis will discuss IPV history and theoretical perspectives, history of educational programs, length of relationship, and the dataset conducted by Davis et al. (2000). This thesis examines how the likelihood of IPV recidivism is effected by length of relationship, the different length of treatment programs (overall, eight-week, or twenty-six-weeks), and the interaction between length of relationship and the different treatment programs. The results show overall that length of relationship slightly decreases the rate of recidivism for IPV. When length of relationship is ran in the models with the separate treatment programs, it is found that the overall treatment and twenty-six-week programs have drastic and significant reduction results on recidivism, but that the eight-week program actually increases recidivism rates slightly. The results also indicate that when examining the interaction between length of relationship and the different treatment programs, length of relationship slightly moderates the reduction of the recidivism rates for the individuals enrolled in the overall treatment and eight-week programs, but slightly increases the rates for those in the twenty-six-week program. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

The Aim of this study is to examine violence in close relationship and to explore the different explanation on men's violence as well as the factors that contribute to their violent behavior. Violence in close relationships can occur in different forms and anyone can fall as a victim of both physical and mental abuse. Violence and discrimination against women violates the principles of equal rights and respect for human dignity. In Sweden, men's violence against women and violence in close relationships is still a major problem that requires great work and attention. It is one of Sweden's responsibility to meet all people's equal values and rights and to fight violence in close relationship.

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In this paper, we try to understand the high prevalence rates of domestic violence in the United States. Using the history behind domestic violence, the psychology behind male batterers and batterer intervention programs we discover solutions to help reduce battery recidivism rates. An analysis of the criminal justice system regarding police intervention and Family Court result in future policy implications. In addition, the proposed solutions are creating lasting impact in either batterer intervention programs or policies. Lastly, policy and future implications are discussed without reducing batterer responsibility.

Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) were developed to address high recidivism rates and low treatment completion rates in domestic violence offenders. Segregation between these offenders and their victims has been traditional in BIPs, but there has been no research exploring if this separation is related to treatment outcome. This research explored the relation between offender contact with their children or victims and outcomes including recidivism and treatment completion. Most domestic violence interventions are psychoeducational in nature and are based on the cognitive behavioral theory premise that if an individual'€™s thinking process can be changed, a change in actions can result. This was a quasi-experimental study using archived data including 213 individuals who participated in a BIP in Oregon between 2010 and 2012. Nonparametric analyses were used to investigate the relations between categorical variables. There were no significant associations between victim-partner contact and/or child contact and treatment outcomes. There was also no statistically significant association between victim-partner and/or child contact and the treatment outcomes of general recidivism, person-on-person recidivism, or treatment completion. The null hypothesis was retained for all of the research questions, as there was no apparent relation between victim family contact and any of the dependent variables. The findings may be used to guide social change in that they may help inspire future research on the topic and may also be used to help BIPs re-examine policies of segregating domestic violence perpetrators from their victim families.

Domestic violence, specifically intimate partner violence (IPV), is a major social problem in the United States despite legislative efforts aimed at reducing it. The Duluth model, which is the preeminent domestic violence intervention model used in the United States, is a male-only group intervention based on feministic views that domestic violence stems from men's behaviors to assert power and control in relationships. While the model is widely emulated, its policies and practices are under scrutiny from researchers who question the program efficiency, pointing to high recidivism rates. Guided by feminist theory, the purpose of this generic qualitative study was to examine perceptions of 7 male and female program facilitators with various educational backgrounds, specifically toward the effectiveness of the anger management component of the Duluth model. Individual in-depth interviews were collected and inductively analyzed, revealing a lack of diversity related to various cultures and client base, limited scope of the model in addressing causes or contributors of battering, lack of coordinated community response, and limited use as an orientation tool at the beginning of counseling to discuss violent behaviors and behavior modification. These findings provide insight for positive social change by addressing facilitators' concerns and developing solutions to create positive social change at the individual and family level.