Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-12T12:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Barbosa, 2015 (Biblioteca).pdf: 1702941 bytes, checksum: 656dcfc0d79bf790cef3055ca31e3579 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T12:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Barbosa, 2015 (Biblioteca).pdf: 1702941 bytes, checksum: 656dcfc0d79bf790cef3055ca31e3579 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / FACEPE / Estudos sobre dípteros necrófagos no Brasil têm revelado uma elevada riqueza de espécies associadas à decomposição de carcaças e cadáveres. Entretanto, apesar da extensão região litorânea do Brasil, inventários faunísticos nesses ambientes são negligenciados, bem como a avaliação do potencial de moscas necrófagas como indicadoras de local de morte – uma importante faceta da Entomologia. Este estudo objetivou analisar a diversidade e o potencial forense dos dípteros das famílias Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em ambientes litorâneos do estado de Pernambuco sob diferentes graus de influência antrópica. As coletas foram realizadas entre julho de 2012 a agosto de 2013 em seis praias, sendo duas expostas a cada nível de impacto humano. As praias selecionadas foram: Pau Amarelo, Piedade (alta antropização), Itamaracá, Serrambi (média antropização), Carne de Vaca e Tamandaré (baixa antropização). Armadilhas suspensas iscadas com 150 g de fígado de frango ou sardinha foram mantidas em campo por 48 horas em cada expedição de coleta. Foram capturados 6.521 adultos pertencentes a 41 espécies. Sarcophagidae foi a família mais abundante com 53,5% dos indivíduos, seguida por Muscidae (36,0%) e Fanniidae 13,6%. Atherigona orientalis, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma e Fannia pusio foram as espécies mais abundantes de cada família no litoral de Pernambuco. Houve ainda o registro de espécies com potencial forense e sanitário, por causar danos à saúde de animais e de humanos ou auxiliar em questões legais, por exemplo, Musca domestica, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Sarcodexia lambens e Fannia canicularis. Destaca-se a alta riqueza de sarcofagídeos, com 26 espécies, das quais cinco constituem novos registros para o Nordeste, além do primeiro registro de Peckia (Peckia) villegasi para o Brasil. Em relação ao nível de antropização, praias com menores níveis de ação antrópica concentraram 42,6% dos espécimes. Observou-se um alto número de espécies consideradas sinantrópicas, por exemplo, M. domestica, P. chrysostoma, Ophyra chalcogaster, O. aenescens e F. pusio. As contribuições do estudo fortalecem o conhecimento sobre a riqueza e distribuição de dípteros necrófagos na Região Neotropical e fornecem perspectivas para utilização desse grupo como bioindicadoras da qualidade ambiental. / Studies on necrophagous dipterans in Brazil have revealed a high richness of species associated with decomposing carcasses and cadavers. However, despite the extension of the coastal region in Brazil, faunistic surveys in those environments are neglected, as well as the assessment of the potential of necrophagous flies as indicators of site of death – an important aspect of Forensic Entomology. This study aimed at analyzing the diversity and the forensic potential of dipterans from the families Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae in coastal environments in the State of Pernambuco under different degrees of anthropogenic influence. Samplings were performed between July 2012 and August 2013 in six beaches, two of each exposed to a different human impact. The beaches selected were Pau Amarelo, Piedade (high impact), Itamaracá, Serrambi (intermediate impact), Carne de Vaca and Tamandaré (low impact). Suspended traps baited with 150 g of chicken liver and or sardine were kept in the field for 48 h in each sampling expedition. 6,521 adults from 41 species were collected. Sarcophagidae was the most abundant Family with 53.5% specimens, followed by Muscidae (36.0%) and Fanniidae 13.6%. Atherigona orientalis, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma and Fannia pusio were the most abundant species of each family in the littoral of Pernambuco. Also, species of forensic and sanitary relevance were registered, as they cause damage to the health of humans and other animals or for their use in legal procedures, such as Musca domestica, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Sarcodexia lambens and Fannia canicularis. Of particular importance is the high richness of flesh flies, with 26 species, of which five are new registers for the Northeastern Region and Peckia (Peckia) villegasi is first reported in Brazil. Regarding the level of anthropogenic influence, beaches with lower impact comprised 42.6% of all individuals. A high number of synanthropic species was related, as it is the case of M. domestica, P. chrysostoma, Ophyra chalcogaster, O. aenescens and F. pusio. The contribution from this study strengthens the knowledge on the richness and distribution of necrophagous dipterans in the Neotropical Region and offers some perspective on the use of those insects as bioindicators of environmental quality.

The way humans currently interact with the atmosphere and oceans around us is unsustainable, with pollution entering our waters faster than we are collecting it, and the sea level rising faster than we are building coastal barriers to protect our current infrastructure. This thesis explores the common methodology for communicating climate change and its future effects, and highlights an opportunity for using infrastructure to facilitate interaction with the urban-aquatic interface. By promoting experiential contact with the natural spaces that are most at risk to climate change’s impacts, a sense of stewardship for those spaces will spur behavioral change and activism. On a local level, this thesis explores the history of public access to San Onofre State Beach, and the possibility for the restriction of that access in 2021. Using a 3D topographic and bathymetric model of San Onofre State Beach, I attempt to highlight the beauty of the undeveloped California coastline, and the benefits of keeping this 6.5-mile coastline within the State Parks system.

Fecal contamination of Iowa recreational water bodies poses a threat to water quality as well as human health. Concern regarding the health effects of waterborne pathogens resulted in 149 beach advisories across 39 state-owned beaches during the 2015 beach season alone. While the presence of pollution is often clear, its cause and source may be difficult to identify. Furthermore, the current practice in Iowa of sampling once per week leads to high uncertainty and inadequately protects swimmers from exposure. The objective of this study was to determine the influential environmental factors and sources causing spikes in fecal contamination at F.W. Kent Park Lake in Oxford, IA, and to develop a predictive model of beach E. coli concentrations. Water samples were collected at the swimming beach as well as throughout the watershed from May to October, 2015. All samples were analyzed for Escherichia Coli using the IDEXX Colilert enumeration method. Together with weekly data from 2012 through 2014, two predictive models of E. coli based upon influential environmental and water quality variables were developed using EPA Virtual Beach software. These models proved to be more accurate than the current method used to assess risks to swimmers that assumes bacterial concentrations remain constant between samples. In addition, through statistical analysis and modeling, this study found evidence that the main source of fecal contamination were wild geese that frequent the beach.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22415号 / 工博第4676号 / 新制||工||1730(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 平石 哲也, 准教授 馬場 康之, 教授 森 信人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

How can architects design for coastal inundation caused by climate change, what are the methods and strategies currently being implemented as a response to coastal inundation, and how can these strategies influence the design approach for a self-sustaining community that can survive and thrive in a low-lying coastal area? Climate change is caused by an expenditure of planet-harming resources being improperly or inefficiently utilized and consumed. This can lead to a rise of global sea level and an increased severity of storm surges. Resilience is defined as the ability to overcome challenges and difficulties. Coastal resilience is the ability for a coastal community to independently withstand shocks caused by hazardous storms and coastal flooding, adapt to future occurrences, and rebuild when necessary. Incorporating resilient and adaptable design elements into architecture could help to create a more sustainable built environment that reacts more efficiently to challenges and difficulties that occur in the natural world. The intent of this thesis is to design a coastal community-living development that serves as a case study for how communities in low-lying areas can be elevated in order to sustain fluctuating coastal conditions. An ideal setting for the implementation of this thesis is Pleasure Beach Park, a low-lying barrier beach located on the coastline of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Through research and analysis of this location, this design responds to and includes essential programmatic elements deemed necessary for a community to exist in the area, as well as vital attributes that collectively form a resilient coastal community.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23149号 / 工博第4793号 / 新制||工||1750(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 平石 哲也, 准教授 馬場 康之, 教授 森 信人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

‘...and one of time.' is a reinterpretation of a small musical moment from Philip Glass' opera, Einstein on the Beach, centered around the phrase "Berne, Switzerland 1905." This reinterpretation is realized through the use of several different compositional techniques including spectral composition, micropolyphony and dodecaphony, as well as the application of extra-musical models developed by Alan Lightman, John Gardner, Italo Calvino and Albert Einstein.

As climate change threatens with sea-level rise and more storms, increased erosion could increase the need for beach nourishment. Alterations to sand characteristics may result in changes to the sea turtle nest microenvironment, impacting the temperature and oxygen levels which may affect hatchling performance. In this study, leatherback, loggerhead, and green nests were sampled from two sites with different sand characteristics in Juno Beach, Florida, USA. Gas exchange was higher in green turtle nests with a greater mixture of sediment. Darker sediment elevated nest temperatures. Finer sediment and a greater mixture of sediment in leatherback nests elevated the nest temperatures; conversely finer sediment, and a greater mixture of sediment decreased loggerhead and green nest temperatures. Elevated nest temperatures reduced leatherback, loggerhead, and green turtle hatchling performance. Understanding the relationships between beach composition, nest environment, and hatchling performance will aid management decisions essential to sea turtle conservation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Studies on trematodes of marine organisms of the Pacific Coast have been of a scattered and fragmentary nature. J. Stafford (1904) collected and described a number of trematodes from fishes of the north Pacific, but, in his historical survey, Manter (1926) fails to mention specifically any studies covering the waters south of Canada. More recently, in the United States, several contributions to the field have been made by Dr. John E. Guberlet at the University of Washington and at the College of the Pacific by Dr. Alden Noble, under whose guidance this study was made. James Park (1937) revised the genus Podocotyle and added eight new species .from Dillon Beach, California. Descriptions of individual trematodes have been made by various other investigators. The investigation covered by this paper was begun during the summer or 1946 at the Pacific Marine Station.

Hypothetical bias continues to be a challenge for practitioners of the contingent valuation method (CVM). This study compared the effect of three hypothetical bias mitigation techniques in a CVM survey focused on estimating maximum willingness to pay for a beach conditions monitoring service among U.S. Gulf Coast beachgoers. Beach conditions information is known to affect beach patronage but no valuation study has yet estimated its value. The two techniques tested are: budget and substitutes cheap talk treatments and certainty follow-up. We presented a theoretically consistent model of budget-constrained utility maximization which accounts for the respondents’ subjective probability of a good beach trip with and without the beach conditions information. Interval regression was used to estimate respondents WTP for beach conditions monitoring service. Both mitigation treatments were unable to mitigate HB. The mean WTP was $3.39 and the net benefit for the program was between $188,531,063 and $391,474,452.