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Patterns of relational communication in conjoint behavioral consultation and their relationships with outcomesMartel, Chantal A. January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Strengthening the normative component of the theory of planned behavior through normative judgments.Carvajal, Franklin 01 January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Development and Validation of Measures of Generalization of a Behavior Management PackageSpeckin, Lauren Marie 08 1900 (has links)
In order for the benefits of a behavior management skills training program to reach clients, caregivers must use the behavior management skills in the natural environment. The current study took place at a large residential facility for adults with disabilities, in which caregivers had received prior training in which they demonstrated behavior management skills and maintained those skills in contrived role plays. The current study represents a preliminary analysis of generalization of these skills in the natural environment; thus, a measurement system for when caregivers should demonstrate the tools was developed. The specific purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a program to establish stimulus control over observers' measurement of appropriate behaviors. Researchers systematically developed and validated a measurement system of "good behaviors" that could be used across clients. The process of development and refinement of the measurement system is described. When the system was finalized, three observers' accuracy in using the system was assessed by comparing measured values to that of the code writer. Following feedback on individual instances of behavior, all observers scored the three target behaviors accurately. Ecological validity was assessed by surveying professionals at the facility and ecological validity results suggested a valid measurement system was developed.
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An analysis of the communication behaviors, understanding, self-disclosure, sex roles, and marital satisfaction of elderly couples and couples in earlier life stages /Zietlow, Paul H. January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
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A Study of Behavior Analysis in a Secondary SchoolGeer, Blanche Newby 08 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this investigation is to study a given secondary school with which the investigator is familiar in order to determine as objectively as possible what conditions, relationships, and experiences are exercising unwholesome influences on the youngster's actions, and to determine how the school can provide opportunities for developing social behavior that will make an integrated personality.
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Identifying autism in infants and young childrenGray, Kylie M. (Kylie Megan), 1971- January 2002 (has links)
Abstract not available
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Analysis of a quantitative behavioral assessment program to identify and treat abnormal behaviors in captive primatesMartin, Allison L. 27 May 2016 (has links)
Facilities housing non-human primates are required to make provisions for their psychological wellbeing, which may include monitoring animals for signs of decreased wellbeing such as the presence of abnormal behaviors or alopecia. By analyzing archival behavioral data collected by the Behavior Management Unit at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), I aimed to identify behavioral predictors of self-wounding and alopecia and to evaluate the effectiveness of current treatments in reducing abnormal behavior and alopecia in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The behaviors of self-biting and hair plucking (conditional logistic regression, p < .05) as well as floating limb and self-oral behaviors (Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests, p < .05) were identified as behavioral predictors of self-wounding. Fear behaviors were associated with an increased risk of developing alopecia (Mantel-Haenszel chi square, p < .05). An inverse relationship was found between alopecia and stereotypic locomotor behaviors such as pacing, with animals who displayed these behaviors being less likely to develop significant hair loss (conditional logistic regression, p < .05). Overall, the type of treatment provided (e.g., additional foraging opportunities, the provision of toys, or the provision of visual barriers) did not predict improvement in levels of abnormal behavior or alopecia (logistic regression, p > .05). The results of these analyses add to the literature on self-wounding and alopecia and will allow refinement of the quantitative behavioral monitoring system at YNPRC such that more at-risk animals can be identified and treated prior to the development of abnormal or harmful behaviors.
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Towards the extension of the knowledgebase to further the understanding and modelling of driver behaviourPoolman, Pieter 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The problem of how the mind relates to the brain stands as one of the greatest challenges today.
The materialistic worldview and pragmatic approach to social problems are both being transformed
by discoveries of how human experience and culture arise in cerebral activity. Even so, this effort,
spearheaded by neuroscience, has seen the important and contentious issue of driver behaviour
somehow been left behind.
From an extensive literature study, it can be concluded that gross disregard of the neural
underpinnings of such behaviour tied to a behaviouristic approach is endemic to the field.
Numerous qualitative psychological models (each associated with debates about their validity) and
Artificial Intelligence models, which effectively only imitate robots 'impaired' to display some
humanlike characteristics, were come across. Although neural networks are derived from current
knowledge of computation within the brain and deployed in industry, human driver behaviour
modelling is not benefiting from this revolution in humanlike information processing.
To date, very little has been done to determine what makes road users speed, drive while drunk,
overtake, or yield at crossroads. As the central nervous system is the human measuring device in
and of the world and thus key affector of human behaviour, it is ofutrnost importance to invest
resources in 'inoculating' the field of driver behaviour modelling onto a robust basis provided by
neuroscience. Being a human driver incorporates a broad complement of interrelated brain systems
to perform driving tasks (psychological functions) at hand, such as lane keeping, speed choice, risk
perception, and obstacle avoidance. The proper level of analysis of such a psychological function
is the level at which that function is represented in the brain. Providing a theoretical model of
human behaviour, based on biological facts of the brain as a whole, is surely a challenge for
decades to come, but the field of driver behaviour should be part of such an effort.
Collaboration is needed among investigators from the fields of neuroscience, psychology,
mathematics, computer science, and engineering to further driver behaviour modelling. It is
uncommon that professionals from these fields have a thorough understanding of the other fields
involved, but the author, not pretending to be an expert, argues that such a union of fields will be of
significant value not only to transportation, but all behavioural sciences. The wealth of to-date
knowledge amassed in neuroscience lies ready to be tapped by researchers interested in explaining human driver behaviour. To this end, the use of modem brain-imaging techniques will be
invaluable in pinning down the neural correlates of particular driving subtasks, bearing in mind the
extent of structural impacts on the brain of each individual, brought about by a lifetime of
interaction with the environment.
Thus, based on the findings of this literature study, the author proposes that supplementary work be
conducted by a multi-disciplinary team to roll-out an experiment to study the nature of
environmental stimuli as instigators of aggression and road rage, by drawing on knowledge about
brain imaging and (amygdala) activation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vraagstuk hoe die verstand [denke] met die brein in verband staan, is een van die grootste
uitdagings tans. Die materialistiese wêreldbeskouing sowel as die pragmatiese benadering van
maatskaplike probleme word verander deur ontdekkings aangaande die wyse waarop menslike
ervaring en kultuur hul in serebrale aktiwiteit voordoen. Desondanks is in hierdie poging, met die
neurowetenskap aan die spits, die belangrike en omstrede kwessie van bestuurdersgedrag om een of
ander rede agterweë gelaat.
Uit 'n uitgebreide literatuurstudie kan afgelei word dat grootskaalse verontagsaming van die neurale
basis van sodanige gedrag gekoppel aan 'n behavioristiese benadering endemies is aan die gebied.
Talle kwalitatiewe sielkundige modelle en kunsmatige intelligensiemodelle is teëgekom, elk
gepaard met debatte oor die geldigheid daarvan. Hoewel neurale netwerkmodelle gebaseer word
op huidige kennis van verwerking binne die brein en ontplooi word in die industrie, trek menslike
bestuurdersgedragmodellering nie voordeel uit hierdie revolusie in neurale inligtingsverwerking nie.
Tot op hede is baie min gedoen om vas te stel waarom padgebruikers jaag, dronkbestuur,
verbysteek of by kruispaaie toegee. Aangesien die sentrale senuweestelsel die menslike
meettoestel in en van die wêreld is en dus die sleutelbeïnvloeder van menslike gedrag is, is dit van
die uiterste belang om middele te investeer in die fundering van die gebied van
bestuurdersgedragmodellering op 'n stewige basis daargestel deur die neurowetenskappe. Om'n
menslike bestuurder te wees behels 'n omvattende komplement van verbandhoudende breinstelsels
om bestuurstake (sielkundige funksies) te verrig, soos spoedkeuse, risikowaarneming en die
vermyding van obstruksies. Die gepaste ontledingsvlak van so 'n sielkundige funksie is die vlak
waarop daardie funksie in die brein verteenwoordig word. Die daarstelling van 'n teoretiese model
van menslike gedrag, gebaseer op biologiese feite van die brein in die geheel, is gewis nog vir
komende dekades 'n uitdaging, maar die gebied van bestuurdersgedrag moet deel uitmaak van so 'n
pogmg.
Samewerking is nodig tussen navorsers uit die neurowetenskappe, sielkunde, wiskunde,
rekenaarwetenskap en ingenieurswese om bestuurdersgedragmodellering te bevorder. Dit is
ongewoon dat vakkundiges uit hierdie velde 'n deeglike begrip het van die ander gebiede wat
betrokke is, maar die outeur, sonder om voor te gee dat hy 'n deskundige is, betoog dat so 'n samesnoering van vakgebiede van betekenisvolle waarde sal wees, nie net vir die vervoerwese nie,
maar ook vir al die gedragwetenskappe. Die omvang van die jongste kennis wat in die
neurowetenskappe vergaar is, lê gereed om deur navorsers benut te word wat belang stel in die
verklaring van menslike bestuurdersgedrag. Met dié doel sal die gebruik van moderne
breinskanderingstegnieke van onskatbare waarde wees om die neurale korrelate van bepaalde
bestuursubtake vas te pen, gedagtig aan die omvang van strukturele impakte op die brein van elke
indiwidu teweeggebring deur 'n leeftyd van interaksie met die omgewing. Daarom, gebaseer op die bevindinge van hierdie literatuurstudie, stel die outeur voor dat
addisionele werk gedoen word deur 'n multi-dissiplinêre span ten einde 'n eksperiment uit te voer,
waarin die aard van stimuli uit die omgewing, wat lei tot padwoede, bestudeer kan word, met
inagneming van die beskikbare kennis oor breinskandering en (amygdala) -aktiveringpatrone.
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An examination of the development of delinquency in middle childhood.Scaramella, Laura Virginia. January 1994 (has links)
This investigation was designed to specify the developmental course of adolescent delinquency by examining precursors of delinquency evident in childhood. Two theoretical perspectives were used to examine the influences of childhood behaviors and experiences on the incidence of adolescent delinquency and childhood deviance. Social control theory and social interactional theory were tested on two separate samples. The goal of Study 1 was to determine whether the variables associated with each theory were more predictive of adolescent delinquency rather than concurrent deviance. The sample used in Study 1 was comprised of 206 boys who participated in the Oregon Youth Study. The results of Study 1 indicated that the variables associated with social interactional theory significantly predicted concurrent deviance. After controlling for the influence of fourth and fifth grade deviance, neither theory was predictive of adolescence. Only child deviance significantly predicted police reported delinquency. The goal of Study 2 was to determine whether the variables associated with social control and social interactional theories were predictive of young children's deviance. One hundred and one children were assessed in first, second, fourth, or fifth grade. Results indicated that the variables did not vary in predictability based on the age of the child. Regarding social control theory, children's self control was somewhat associated with deviance after controlling for the influence of children's temperament. Regarding social interactional theory, children who were rated as antisocial were significantly more likely to be rated as deviant. The results of the two studies are discussed in terms of the stability of deviance. That is, in Study 2, children's temperament and antisocial behavior were most strongly associated with concurrent childhood deviance and in Study 1, child deviance was most predictive of delinquency. Thus, deviance may actually be present early in a child's life and may not change with children's development. Instead, society's reactions to deviance may change as children mature such that deviance is more tolerated among children rather than among adolescents.
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Developing a Function-based Treatment for Problem Behavior Using a Structured Descriptive Assessment.Harris, Curtis Joe 08 1900 (has links)
This study evaluated the utility of structured descriptive assessment (SDA) to generate a hypothesis regarding the operant function of problem behavior when the analogue functional analysis (FA) failed to evoke problem behavior for an adult with developmental disabilities. The effectiveness of interventions based on that hypothesis was evaluated in the natural environment. The SDA succeeded in producing a relatively controlled baseline of problem behavior where the FA and direct observation could not. However, the extent to which treatment procedures affected problem behavior could not be determined due to confounding variables outside the control of the experimenter. The results provide cautionary evidence highlighting both the potential utility of SDA and challenges that may be encountered when conducting SDA and evaluating treatments in natural environments.
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