Using traditional health capital model of Grossman (The human capital model of the demand for health. NBER, Working Paper 7078, 1972) and Wagstaff (Bull Econ Res 38(1):93–95,1986a) this paper attempts to fill in the theoretical missing link between mothers’ autonomy and household consumption behavior. We focus specifically on the consumption of child health inputs. In our paper it has been shown that working mothers’ children should be of better health. Further, independent of working status of the mother, higher autonomy always reallocates family budget to induce more consumption of child health inputs. The basic results of our model are further reinforced when autonomy is dependent on mothers’ income. In fact, the income effect derived from our extended model indicates that income-induced autonomy may result in redefining the composite consumption good for the family as an inferior one.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences and perceptions of behavioral factors that contribute to successful weight loss in male bariatric patients. By analyzing participant experiences and perceptions, this study contributes to a better understanding of which factors are most important in the postoperative phase of gastric bypass in males owing to successful weight loss. Although there is a tremendous amount of quantitative research within the bariatric population, there is a significant gap within the qualitative literature as it relates to male outcomes. As such, by conducting interviews with 10 postoperative male gastric bypass patients, this study was able to further understand how and why these participants obtained successful weight loss. Furthermore, by identifying relevant categories and thematic responses from the participants, this study may serve future researchers in designing other qualitative studies that target best practices in males for successful weight loss outcomes. The findings of this study indicate that participants found greater weight loss success by following proper eating behaviors and engaging in physical activity whereas support group attendance was not found to be an important factor in successful weight loss. This study also revealed that follow up with the bariatric nurse coordinator was greatly viewed as a positive step in adjusting to lifestyle postsurgery. As such, this supportive role by the nurse coordinator may provide further impetus for the ways in which bariatric personnel interact with patients who might not always be able to see their surgeon for follow-up.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caliani_kgms_me_botfm.pdf: 186347 bytes, checksum: c2dbdf526030ad8a050af11011a8beb6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A obesidade é considerada um grave problema da Saúde Pública mundial, apresentando prevalência crescente nas últimas décadas em diversas populações. Entretanto, a concentração da gordura corporal na região abdominal tem se mostrado mais fortemente associada com riscos metabólicos e cardiovasculares e com uma variedade de doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentais associados à adiposidade abdominal de adultos. Metodologia: foram aplicados: questionário para avaliar as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, Recordatório de 24 horas para obtenção do consumo alimentar, questionário de atividade física cotidiana (IPAQ, versão 8, forma longa) e realizada avaliação da composição corporal através de peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e impedância bioelétrica. Resultados: Foram avaliados 1455 indivíduos, sendo 74,0% do sexo feminino e 73,5% com idade inferior a 60 anos. A maioria referiu ser solteiro/viúvo/divorciado (62,2%), apresentar renda familiar de até seis salários-mínimos (62,0%) e ser analfabeto ou possuir Ensino Fundamental incompleto ou completo (62,2%). Apresentaram alta prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade (77,7%), circunferência abdominal aumentada (60,5%), e alimentação inadequada (93,4%). A hiperadiposidade abdominal apresentou associação com excesso de peso, renda e estado civil, sendo a baixa renda fator preditor e estado civil solteiro/viúvo/divorciado fator protetor. Conclusão: Na população estudada foi encontrada alta prevalência de excesso de peso, circunferência abdominal aumentada e alimentação de baixa qualidade. Portanto, é essencial a adoção de ações que visem a mudança do estilo de vida com o objetivo de prevenir o aparecimento ou agravamento de doenças crônicas nessa população. / The obesity is considered a serious problem in the Public Health sector world widely, and it has been increasing in several populations over the last decades. However, the adipose tissue concentration around the abdominal area has been strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks and a great number of chronic diseases. Objective: To identify the socioeconomic and behavioral factors related to the abdominal adiposity in adults. Method: a questionnaire was used to evaluate the socioeconomic and demographic conditions, a 24-hour recall was done to obtain information about their dietary habits, a questionnaire about the routine physical activity was applied (IPAQ 8, long form), and an evaluation of the weight, height, abdominal size, bioelectrical impedance was done to check the body composition. Results: a study was conducted among 1455 people, 74,0% females and 73,5% under 60 years old. Most of whom said they were single/widow/divorced (62,2%), with a familiar income up to six basic salary (62,0%), and were illiterate or had or hadn’t graduated from elementary school (62,2%). 77,7% presented a great predominance of overweight and obesity, 60,5% had an increased abdominal circumference and 93,4% had an inadequate dietary. The abdominal hyper adiposity presented to be associated with overweight, income and marital status, since the low income was the predictor and the marital status (single/widow/divorced) was the protector factor. Conclusion: Among the studied population, a high predominance of overweight, increased abdominal circumference and low quality dietary was found. Therefore, it is essential to adopt actions which can change these people’s life style as a way to prevent chronic diseases.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of undiagnosed and diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) posed a major challenge for public health and thus screening for T2D becomes essentially important. The social-demographical factors associated with the use of T2D screening have been widely studied, however, little is known about the impact of behavioral factors, mental health and chronic diseases on prevalence of screening, especially by gender and age groups. METHODS: We investigated the impact of behavioral factors, mental health and chronic diseases across gender and age groups on the usage rate of T2D screening. To analyze the likelihood of the use of T2D screening, we performed weighted binomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Obesity, physical activity and smoking increased the use of T2D screening for females more than for males, and alcohol use increased screenings only for females. Serious psychological distress (SPD) was found to have a positive association with the use of T2D screening for females rather than for males; whereas hypertension and diabetes increased the use of T2D screening for males more than for females. Physical activity was an effective predictor of screening for T2D in the groups of 45-64 years and 65 years or older. Former drinking was positively associated with T2D screening for people aged 65 or older, and smoking was found to increase the odds of screening for T2D for people aged less than 65. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral factors, mental health, and chronic diseases were significantly associated with the use of T2D screening and further demonstrated that gender differences exist in the role of above factors.

Although finance has been studied for thousands years, behavioral finance which considers the human behaviors in finance is a quite new area. Behavioral finance theories, which are based on the psychology, attempt to understand how emotions and cognitive errors influence individual investors’ behaviors (investors mentioned in this study are refered to individual investors). The main objective of this study is exploring the behavioral factors influencing individual investors’ decisions at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the relations between these factors and investment performance are also examined. As there are limited studies about behavioral finance in Vietnam, this study is  expected to contribute significantly to the development of this field in Vietnam.  The study begins with the existing theories in behavioral  finance, based on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, these hypotheses are tested  through the questionnaires distributed to individual investors at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. The collected data are analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS soft wares. Semi-structured interviews with some managers of the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange are conducted to have deeper understanding of these behaviors. The result shows that there are five behavioral factors affecting the investment decisions of individual investors at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange: Herding, Market, Prospect, Overconfidence-gamble’s fallacy, and Anchoring-ability bias. Most of these factors have moderate impacts whereas Market factor has high influence.  This study also tries to find out the correlation between these behavioral factors and investment performance. Among the behavioral factors mentioned above, only three factors are found to influence the Investment Performance: Herding (including buying and selling; choice of trading stocks; volume of trading stocks; speed of herding), Prospect (including loss aversion, regret aversion, and mental accounting), and Heuristic (including overconfidence and gamble’s fallacy). The heuristic behaviors are found to have the highest positive impact on the investment performance while the herding behaviors are reported to influence positively the investment performance at the lower level. In contrast, the prospect behaviors give the negative impact on the investment performance.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Bolsa Familia Program (PBF) was developed to minimize the vulnerabilities of families without full survival conditions. However, even with this support, they are imposed to wide budgetary constraints, which praises the importance of efficient financial practices. Thus, this study aims to identify how the families from the Central Western Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Sul, which are benefited by the Bolsa Familia Program, manage their financial resources and how they perceive the attitude to indebtedness, financial literacy, financial well-being and global life satisfaction. To this, we applied 595 questionnaires, which were analyzed through descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The main results show the predominance of women, with low educational levels, employment and wage seasonality and wide budget constraints, that causes difficulties in the payment of monthly expenses and saving impossibility. As for behavioral factors, we verified average financial attitude, attitude to debt and financial well-being, positive financial behavior and high global life satisfaction. In the analysis of the first cluster, we realize groups of people with low financial knowledge levels, intermediary attitude and behavior and high attitude to debt, which are in a critical financial situation. In the second cluster, the most representative group has a high global life satisfaction and low financial well-being, which are facing many financial problems. As conclusions, the study highlights the need for greater educational contribution to beneficiaries with higher difficulties in managing their finances. In addition, it is clear that one of the purposes of the Federal Government with the PBF is being serviced, at least in the investigated region, where families are expanding their well-being. On the other hand, the benefit amount is still not enough for families to attend their financial needs, implying in low financial well-being level. / O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) foi desenvolvido para minimizar as vulnerabilidades de famílias sem condições plenas de sobrevivência. Todavia, mesmo com esses auxílios, elas são impostas a uma ampla restrição orçamentária, o que enaltece a importância de práticas financeiras eficientes. Desse modo, o objetivo do estudo é identificar como as famílias da Mesorregião Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense beneficiadas pelo Programa Bolsa Família gerem seus recursos financeiros e como percebem a atitude ao endividamento, alfabetização financeira, bem-estar financeiro e satisfação global de vida. Para isso, aplicou-se 595 questionários, os quais foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial confirmatória e análise de cluster. Os principais resultados revelam a predominância de mulheres, com baixo nível educacional, sazonalidade empregatícia e salarial e ampla restrição orçamentária que acarreta dificuldades no pagamento das despesas mensais e impossibilidade de poupança. Quanto aos fatores comportamentais, verifica-se atitude financeira, atitude ao endividamento e bem-estar financeiro medianos, comportamento financeiro favorável, baixo nível de conhecimento financeiro e satisfação global de vida elevada. Na análise do primeiro clusters percebe-se grupos de pessoas com baixo nível de Conhecimento Financeiro, Atitude e Comportamento intermediário e elevada Atitude a dívida, os quais encontram-se em uma situação financeira críticas. No segundo cluster, o grupo de maior representatividade possui alta Satisfação Global de Vida e baixo Bem-estar Financeiro, os quais se encontram com muitas dificuldades financeiras. Como conclusões, evidencia-se a necessidade de um maior aporte educacional para os beneficiários com maiores dificuldades na gestão de suas finanças. Além disso, fica claro que um dos propósitos do Governo Federal com o PBF está sendo atendido, pelo menos na região investigada, as famílias estão ampliando seu bem-estar. Por outro lado, o valor do benefício ainda não é suficiente para que as famílias atendam as suas necessidades financeiras o que implica em baixo nível de Bem-estar Financeiro.

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Luis Carlos Giarola / Banca: Nailza Maestá / Resumo: A obesidade é considerada um grave problema da Saúde Pública mundial, apresentando prevalência crescente nas últimas décadas em diversas populações. Entretanto, a concentração da gordura corporal na região abdominal tem se mostrado mais fortemente associada com riscos metabólicos e cardiovasculares e com uma variedade de doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentais associados à adiposidade abdominal de adultos. Metodologia: foram aplicados: questionário para avaliar as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, Recordatório de 24 horas para obtenção do consumo alimentar, questionário de atividade física cotidiana (IPAQ, versão 8, forma longa) e realizada avaliação da composição corporal através de peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e impedância bioelétrica. Resultados: Foram avaliados 1455 indivíduos, sendo 74,0% do sexo feminino e 73,5% com idade inferior a 60 anos. A maioria referiu ser solteiro/viúvo/divorciado (62,2%), apresentar renda familiar de até seis salários-mínimos (62,0%) e ser analfabeto ou possuir Ensino Fundamental incompleto ou completo (62,2%). Apresentaram alta prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade (77,7%), circunferência abdominal aumentada (60,5%), e alimentação inadequada (93,4%). A hiperadiposidade abdominal apresentou associação com excesso de peso, renda e estado civil, sendo a baixa renda fator preditor e estado civil solteiro/viúvo/divorciado fator protetor. Conclusão: Na população estudada foi encontrada alta prevalência de excesso de peso, circunferência abdominal aumentada e alimentação de baixa qualidade. Portanto, é essencial a adoção de ações que visem a mudança do estilo de vida com o objetivo de prevenir o aparecimento ou agravamento de doenças crônicas nessa população. / Abstract: The obesity is considered a serious problem in the Public Health sector world widely, and it has been increasing in several populations over the last decades. However, the adipose tissue concentration around the abdominal area has been strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks and a great number of chronic diseases. Objective: To identify the socioeconomic and behavioral factors related to the abdominal adiposity in adults. Method: a questionnaire was used to evaluate the socioeconomic and demographic conditions, a 24-hour recall was done to obtain information about their dietary habits, a questionnaire about the routine physical activity was applied (IPAQ 8, long form), and an evaluation of the weight, height, abdominal size, bioelectrical impedance was done to check the body composition. Results: a study was conducted among 1455 people, 74,0% females and 73,5% under 60 years old. Most of whom said they were single/widow/divorced (62,2%), with a familiar income up to six basic salary (62,0%), and were illiterate or had or hadn't graduated from elementary school (62,2%). 77,7% presented a great predominance of overweight and obesity, 60,5% had an increased abdominal circumference and 93,4% had an inadequate dietary. The abdominal hyper adiposity presented to be associated with overweight, income and marital status, since the low income was the predictor and the marital status (single/widow/divorced) was the protector factor. Conclusion: Among the studied population, a high predominance of overweight, increased abdominal circumference and low quality dietary was found. Therefore, it is essential to adopt actions which can change these people's life style as a way to prevent chronic diseases. / Mestre

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and a major contributor to preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Literature suggests that several modifiable psychosocial and health behavioral factors may play significant roles in the development of PIH. However, interrelationships among these factors and their collective impact on PIH are not well understood. Objectives: This study aims to: 1) Examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy physical activity and risk of PIH, 2) Determine the association between prepregnancy depression and PIH and the role of race/ethnicity in this association, 3) Evaluate the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) in women before and/or during pregnancy and PIH, and the role of utilization of prenatal care (PNC) as a mediator in this association. Methods: This study utilized the national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey data (years 2009-2015). The outcome variable PIH was defined as a dichotomized variable (Yes; No) utilizing a birth certificate variable data. Domain-adjusted multiple logistic regression, multiple logistic regression with stratification, and structural equation modeling analyses were used to investigate the study aims. Results: No significant reduced risk of PIH was observed in women who were physically active prior to pregnancy compared to sedentary women. However, women with prepregnancy depression were more likely to have PIH compared to women without prepregnancy depression and this association was significant for non-Hispanic White women when stratified by race/ethnicity. Further, PNC utilization was a significant mediator in the association between IPV before and/or during pregnancy and PIH. However, IPV had no direct or total effect on PIH in this study. Conclusions: Public health professionals and health care providers should be aware of the relationships between prepregnancy depression, race/ethnicity, IPV, and prenatal care utilization, and PIH, and utilize the information in risk profiling, screening, early detection and intervention in women at risk of PIH.

Osteoporosis is considered to be the most adverse public health disease associated with substantial mortality among postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy, surgically induced menopause, contributes to the early onset of menopause. However, there was no evidence of an association between early menopause following hysterectomy and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among hysterectomized postmenopausal women. The integrated theory of health behavior change theoretical framework guided study. Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among the study population. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of osteoporosis was inversely associated with age, education, and annual family income. Non-Hispanic Whites with age of hysterectomy 36-45 were significantly associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis. Moderate recreational activity and calcium/vitamin D intake were associated with decreased prevalence of osteoporosis. Demographic and behavioral factors play substantial roles in the prevalence of osteoporosis. The study results may be used to facilitate risk-prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis. This study may drive positive social change by facilitating public health to promote and implement effective behavioral interventions to prevent osteoporosis in the potential hysterectomized postmenopausal women.