Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Financial literacy has been recognized as an essential skill for individuals to act in the complex economic context. However, the evidence indicates that financial literacy is a complex phenomenon that it can be determinant of other behavioral factors, besides presenting itself differently in different socioeconomic and demographic variables. Thus, the present research seeks to innovate and advance in this theme, aiming to develop a model capable of encompassing the direct and indirect relations of financial literacy with the behavioral factors: materialism, compulsive buying and propensity to debt. In addition to identifying the invariance of the proposed model according to the socioeconomic and demographic variables, when verifying if a single model is adequate to measure the financial literacy of different groups of individuals and to point out the differences of averages existing between them. For that, this research was carried out with 2,487 individuals, using confirmatory factorial analysis, structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis, with eight propositions and six research hypotheses that integrate the proposed model. The main results showed that the majority had a low level of financial literacy, and the model for their measurement was invariant only for the variables gender, schooling and own income, and confirming three research propositions. In addition, five research hypotheses were confirmed, showing that the impact of financial literacy on compulsory buying was the largest among the proposed direct relationships. The total effects that financial literacy has on behavioral factors, we can see that the greatest impact was on compulsive buying behavior, followed by the impact on the propensity to debt and, finally, on materialism. These results are important for the development of public policies and other actors interested in the theme, since financial literacy goes beyond the fact of impacting the financial health of those who have it, but it can also help in a broader way those who suffer of other psychosocial behaviors, such as compulsive buying behavior. Models of this theme become fundamental to understand the importance and possible impacts of adopting national financial literacy strategies, and it can help in the development of treatments. The results showed that the impact imagined when studying only the financial literacy in the propensity to debt of the individuals becomes even more expressive when other behavioral factors are involved in this relation. / A alfabetização financeira vem sendo reconhecida como uma habilidade essencial para os indivíduos atuarem no complexo contexto econômico que estão inseridos. No entanto, as evidências indicam que a alfabetização financeira é um fenômeno complexo e que pode ser determinante de outros fatores comportamentais, além de apresentar-se de maneira distinta em diferentes variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Assim, o presente trabalho busca inovar e avançar neste tema, tendo como objetivo desenvolver um modelo capaz de abarcar as relações diretas e indiretas da alfabetização financeira com os fatores comportamentais: materialismo, compras compulsivas e propensão ao endividamento. Buscando ainda identificar a invariância do modelo proposto segundo as variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, ao verificar se um único modelo é adequado para mensurar a alfabetização financeira de diferentes grupos de indivíduos e nestes, apontar as diferenças de médias existentes entre eles. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa com 2.487 indivíduos, utilizando análise fatorial confirmatória, modelagem de equações estruturais e análise multigrupo, com oito proposições e seis hipóteses de pesquisa que integram o modelo proposto. Os principais resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos pesquisados possui um baixo nível de alfabetização financeira e o modelo para mensuração da mesma apresentou-se invariante apenas para as variáveis gênero, escolaridade e renda própria, confirmando três proposições de pesquisa. Além disso, cinco hipóteses de pesquisa foram confirmadas, constatando-se que o impacto da alfabetização financeira nas compras compulsivas foi o maior entre as relações diretas propostas. Já no que tange aos efeitos totais que a alfabetização financeira possui nos fatores comportamentais, percebe-se que o maior impacto da mesma foi sobre o comportamento de compra compulsiva, seguido do impacto na propensão ao endividamento e, por fim, sobre o materialismo. Tais resultados tornam-se importantes para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e de outros agentes interessados no tema, uma vez que a alfabetização financeira vai além do fato de impactar na saúde financeira daqueles que a possuem, mas também pode auxiliar de uma forma mais ampla naqueles que sofrem de outros comportamentos psicossociais, como o comportamento de compras compulsivas. Modelos dessa natureza tornam-se fundamentais para que se entenda a importância e os possíveis impactos da adoção de estratégias nacionais de alfabetização financeira, podendo auxiliar na construção de tratamentos. Demonstrando que o impacto que se imaginava ao estudar apenas a alfabetização financeira na propensão ao endividamento dos indivíduos, se torna ainda mais expressivo quando outros fatores comportamentais estão envolvidos nesta relação.

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos dos fatores comportamentais e organizacionais sobre as decisões relacionadas à inserção de critérios de sustentabilidade nas compras públicas do setor público brasileiro. Com base nas lentes teóricas da estratégia comportamental e das compras públicas sustentáveis, foram relacionados dados do levantamento (Survey) e das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Assim, foram identificadas as variáveis extraídas da literatura e selecionadas, por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória. Em seguida, foram utilizadas Análise de Cluster e as técnicas MANOVA e ANOVA, o que permitiu constatar que os órgãos do Poder Executivo tendem a considerar o Controle como fator organizacional menos importante e a Capacitação como o mais importante em relação aos outros fatores da categoria – comportamento observado na maioria dos órgãos estaduais e municipais. Por outro lado, percebeu-se que há uma tendência nas instituições federais de considerarem o Controle como o fator organizacional que mais impacta as decisões sobre inclusão de critérios de sustentabilidade nas contratações públicas, enquanto, para este grupo, as variáveis Custo, Capacitação e Normas são as que menos impactam. No que diz respeito aos fatores comportamentais, nota-se uma maior tendência das instituições do Executivo e de grande parte das instituições estaduais e municipais em considerarem as variáveis Viés Disponibilidade, Comportamento Tendencioso e Viés Status Quo como mais impactantes nas decisões de sustentabilidade nas contratações públicas em comparação com as instituições do Judiciário, dos Ministérios Públicos e das Cortes de Contas. Por fim, pôde-se observar ainda que as instituições do Executivo e de grande parte das instituições estaduais e municipais tendem a enfatizar mais os fatores organizacionais e comportamentais que as instituições de outros poderes e de outros entes federativos. / [en] The present study aims to evaluate the impacts of behavioral and organizational factors on decisions related to the inclusion of sustainability criteria in public procurement in the Brazilian public sector. Based on the theoretical lens of behavioral strategy and sustainable public procurement, data from the survey (Survey) and bibliographic and documentary research were related. Thus, the variables extracted from the literature and selected through Exploratory Factor Analysis were identified. Then, Cluster Analysis and the MANOVA and ANOVA techniques were used, which made it possible to verify that the Executive Power bodies tend to consider Control as the least important organizational factor and Training as the most important in relation to the other factors of the category - behavior observed in most state and municipal agencies. On the other hand, it was noticed that there is a tendency in federal institutions to consider Control as the organizational factor that most impacts decisions on the inclusion of sustainability criteria in public procurement, while, for this group, the variables Cost, Training and Standards are the ones with the least impact. With regard to behavioral factors, there is a greater tendency of Executive institutions and a large part of state and municipal institutions to consider the variables Availability Bias, Biased Behavior and Status Quo Bias as the most impacting on sustainability decisions in public procurement compared to the institutions of the Judiciary, Public Prosecutors Offices and Courts of Accounts. Finally, it was also possible to observe that the institutions of the Executive and most of the state and municipal institutions tend to emphasize organizational and behavioral factors more than the institutions of other powers and other federative entities.

Introduktion: Trots att det finns evidens för de hygienrutiner som praktiseras på svenska sjukhus brister det i följsamhet till dessa rutiner. Detta leder bland annat till höga kostnader, lidande hos patienter och är en bidragande orsak till utveckling och utbredning av mikroorganismer med antibiotikaresistens. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka faktorer som sjuksköterskor upplevde bidrog till att det förekom brister i följsamheten till basal hygien. Metod: Åtta sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom slutenvård på ett medelstort svenskt sjukhus deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet analyserades utifrån en interpretativ fenomenologisk analys (IPA, eng: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis), vilket sedan kompletterades med ytterligare kategorisering utifrån Theory of Planned Behaviour. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer nio faktorer som skapade bristande följsamhet till basal hygien, vilka delades in i fyra övergripande teman: arbetsmiljö, förhållningssätt, kompetens och ledning. Det framkom att personalens beteende kring basal hygien påverkades i lika stor utsträckning av subjektiva som objektiva faktorer. Slutsats: Övergripande rutiner och regler finns men följsamheten till basal hygien behöver främjas. För att lyckas med detta krävs interventioner med större fokus på beteendeförändringar hos personal. Mer forskning krävs för att kartlägga hur olika faktorer påverkar beteenden kring basal hygien. / Introduction: Although there is evidence for the hygiene routines that exist in Swedish hospitals, these routines are also failing. This leads, among other things, to high costs, suffering for patients and is a contributing factor to the development and spread of microorganisms with antibiotic resistance. Aim: The aim was to investigate which factors that nurses experienced contributed to the fact that there were deficiencies in adherence to basic hygiene. Method: Eight nurses who worked in inpatient care at a medium-sized Swedish hospital participated in semi-structured interviews. The empirical material was analyzed based on an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which was then supplemented with further categorization based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results: The results revealed nine factors that create a lack of compliance with basic hygiene, which were divided into four overarching themes: work environment, approach, competence and management. It emerged that the staff’s behavior regarding basic hygiene is influenced to the same extent by subjective as objective factors. Conclusion: Comprehensive routines and rules exist, but adherence to basic hygiene needs to be promoted. To succeed with this, interventions with greater focus on behavioral changes in staff are required. More research is needed to map how different factors influence behaviors around basic hygiene.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los factores conductuales que afectan la propensión al endeudamiento de los millennials Chiclayanos, 2022. Para lograr dicho objetivo, se aplicó una encuesta desarrollada en la ciudad de Chiclayo. La aplicación de instrumento y análisis y discusión de los resultados fueron en base a las encuestas ejecutadas, calculando el impacto de los factores conductuales en la propensión al endeudamiento. En los resultados se encontró que existe relación entre la propensión al endeudamiento con los factores conductuales, excepto en la dimensión emoción que la relación fue negativa. Adicionalmente se desarrolló la técnica de conversión logística binaria, lo cual reflejó un efecto positivo significativo de los factores conductuales con la propensión al endeudamiento. / The present research aims to determine the behavioral factors that affect the propensity to indebtedness of Chiclayanos millennials, 2022. To achieve this objective, a survey developed in the city of Chiclayo was applied. The application of the instrument and analysis and discussion of the results were based on the surveys carried out, calculating the impact of behavioral factors on the propensity to indebtedness. The results found that there is a relationship between the propensity to indebtedness with behavioral factors, except in the emotion dimension that the relationship was negative. Additionally, the binary logistic conversion technique was developed, which reflected a significant positive effect of behavioral factors with the propensity to indebtedness.

La planificación financiera ha tomado mayor énfasis dentro de la gestión financiera empresarial debido a que en ella desempeña un rol fundamental dentro de las organizaciones para proyectar resultados deseados en relación con proyecciones de venta, ingresos, activos, financiamiento, entre otros, que sean evaluados para su decisión en base a la rentabilidad que espera tener la empresa en su totalidad. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar la planificación financiera de las micro y pequeñas empresas comerciales del mercado Moshoqueque de José Leonardo Ortiz. Así mismo esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa, de nivel descriptiva, con un diseño no experimental y de corte transversal; se empleó un guía de entrevista a 10 Mypes del mercado Moshoqueque y alrededores. Obteniendo como resultado que las empresas enfocan sus actividades a la parte operativa conllevando a planificar en un corto plazo, lo cual expone a las empresas a no anticiparse a situaciones que puedan afectar su sostenibilidad y rentabilidad, al evidenciar la poca utilización de herramientas y sistemas de información para una mejor gestión de sus operaciones. / Financial planning has taken greater emphasis within business financial management because it plays a fundamental role within organizations to project desired results about projections of sales, income, assets, and financing, among others, that are evaluated for decision-based on the profitability that he expects to have the company. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the financial planning of micro and small commercial companies in the Moshoqueque de José Leonardo Ortiz market. Likewise, this research is of a qualitative type, descriptive level, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design; An interview guide was used for 10 Mypes from the Moshoqueque market and surroundings. Obtaining as a result that companies focus their activities on the operational part, leading to planning in the short term, which exposes companies to not anticipate situations that may affect their sustainability and profitability, by evidencing the low use of tools and management systems. information for better management of its operations.

This research examined 50 financial education programs within the state of Florida. The purpose of the research was to survey financial education program providers to see how they are evolving to meet the sociological, psychological and behavioral factors that affect individual’s financial decision making. In constructing the survey I referenced articles, journals and publications regarding how certain factors can affect an individual and their ability to apply financial education to their daily life. This review of previous research showed that tailored education, to determine a participant’s means, ability and goals, is the best way to help participants achieve financial independence. In this literature review no specific details were found on how programs are evolving or how existing program offerings are filling the need for tailored financial education. This topic is important because financial decisions that people make will not only affect current generations but also future generations. I contacted 50 agencies with a 27 question survey regarding their basic organizational structure, funding, program details, success determinants, primary program goals and focus, and marketing strategies. 36% of those contacted, or 18 organizations, responded. All responses were compiled and compared to determine relationships among program structures, offerings, and goals. The primary findings were that most organizations opened after 2000, have budgets under $100,000 funded primarily by two main sources, and their main goals are to provide basic knowledge and education to help participants improve financial decisions. In addition, most programs conduct a pre-post survey or get participant feedback to evaluate programs and use the number of participants at meetings as their main success factor. The majority of programs do not collect financial information, however they provide one-on-one counseling to focus on tailoring education to 501+ participants per year. Recommendations for future research are to increase the number of respondents, look deeper into funding requirements, the program lifecycle, marketing strategies employed and their effectiveness, and what specific financial education topics programs are addressing. This will add to existing research by providing a broader view of the financial education landscape and help programs to evolve to meet the need for tailored education.