<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions regarding confirmation: In what ways do children seek confirmation in preschool? What are children confirmed for and how do they react to the confirmation? How is confirmation used by teachers? What do children want to receive confirmation for?</p><p>The starting point for this study is based on the unique theories of Skinner, Maslow and Bronfenbrenner. The main focus with regard to Skinner’s theory (in this study) lies in reinforcement. In Maslow’s theory, the concentration is on hierarchy of needs while in Bronfenbrenner’s theory, the study centers upon interaction. In addition to these theories, observations and interviews were conducted.</p><p>By analyzing the results of the observations and interviews, the questions listed above were answered. It became clear during these experiments that children confirm each other on their own. While observing the children during free play, it was apparent that they were actually more interested in receiving confirmation from their friends than from the teachers.</p><p>Keywords: confirmation, behavior, reinforcement, hierarchy of needs, interaction</p>

Abstract The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions regarding confirmation: In what ways do children seek confirmation in preschool? What are children confirmed for and how do they react to the confirmation? How is confirmation used by teachers? What do children want to receive confirmation for? The starting point for this study is based on the unique theories of Skinner, Maslow and Bronfenbrenner. The main focus with regard to Skinner’s theory (in this study) lies in reinforcement. In Maslow’s theory, the concentration is on hierarchy of needs while in Bronfenbrenner’s theory, the study centers upon interaction. In addition to these theories, observations and interviews were conducted. By analyzing the results of the observations and interviews, the questions listed above were answered. It became clear during these experiments that children confirm each other on their own. While observing the children during free play, it was apparent that they were actually more interested in receiving confirmation from their friends than from the teachers. Keywords: confirmation, behavior, reinforcement, hierarchy of needs, interaction

Problembakgrund och problemdiskussion: Mellan åren 2006 och 2010 genomförde länderna i den Europeiska Unionen ett omfattande förenklingsarbete gällande de mindre aktiebolagen. Detta medförde vissa regeländringar. Syftet med förenklingsarbetet var att företagen skulle bli mer konkurrenskraftiga och detta skulle leda till fler växande företag som i sin tur skulle anställa fler. Den 1 november 2010 tog riksdagen beslutet att avskaffa revisionsplikten för mindre aktiebolag i Sverige i enlighet med förenklingsarbetet. Beslutet medförde att de aktiebolag som inte överskrider fler än ett av de fastställda gränsvärdena inte längre omfattas av revisionsplikten. Gränsvärdena är individuella för medlemsländerna men får inte överstiga de värden som Europeiska Unionen fastställt. Revisionspliktens avskaffande påverkade, år 2010 mer än 70 % av alla aktiebolag i Sverige. Vi har hittat studier som är genomförda i Storbritannien, Danmark och Finland men inte Sverige angående vad ägarna har för åsikt om avskaffandet. Därför vill vi undersöka ägarnas inställning till revisorn. Utifrån resultatet kan ägarna få en överblick över hur andra ägare resonerar. Syfte: Uppsatsen syfte är att identifiera och förklara vilka motiv ägare av mindre aktiebolag har till att anlita en revisor eller ej. Detta för att skapa en förståelse för ägarnas inställning till revisorn. Metod: Undersökningen har baserats på en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats. Där intervjuer utgjorde insamlingsmetoden av empirin som sedan analyserades med hjälp av en egenframtagen analysmodell. Det genomfördes sex intervjuer med ägare av mindre aktiebolag i Skövde och närliggande orter. Dessa ägare är verksamma i tre olika branscher; jordbruk, klädbutiker samt hälsa och sjukvård. Slutsats: Ägarna har olika synsätt på revisorn. Det vill säga att det finns ägare som anser att det är värdefullt att anlita en revisor trots att lagkravet togs bort men det finns också ägare som tycker motsatsen. Dock är den generella meningen bland de intervjuade att vid valet skall ägaren ta hänsyn till sina egna behov, företagets ekonomi och kostnaden för revisorn. Samtliga ägare utgår också från sig själva när de genomför valet och funderar inte över hur likartade organisationer gör. Det stämmer inte överens med den nyinstitutionella teorin som menar att organisationer strävar efter att bli mer lika varandra. / Background: Between 2006 and 2010, the countries of the European Union underwent massive simplification work regarding small businesses which resulted in some law changes. The main purpose with these rule changes was to make the companies more competitive and growing. This expects to lead the companies hiring more people. November 1st 2010 the Swedish government abolished the audit obligation for small businesses. The outcome of these changes was that companies that do not exceed more than one of the defined values do not need to hire an auditor. These values are different in each member state but are not allowed to exceed the values set by the European Union. The exception from the audit obligation affected more than 70 % of all companies in year 2010 in Sweden. Research has been made from owners’ perspective in other countries, like United Kingdom, Denmark and Finland, but not in Sweden. Therefore we wanted to analyze the subject from an owner’s perspective. The result can give the owners an overview of how other owners choose. Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to explore and explain what motives owner of small business’ have for hiring an auditor or not. This will create an understanding of the owners' views on the auditing. Method: The study has been based on a abductive approach applying qualitative methods. The data have been collected by interviews which have been analyzed by using our own model. Six interviews were made with owners of small companies in Skövde and nearby towns. These owners are active in three different industries: agriculture, clothing stores and health and medical care. Conclusion: The owners have different views on the auditor. That is, there are owners who consider it useful to hire an auditor even though the legal requirement was removed but there are also owners who think the opposite. However, the general opinion among the interviewees is that when the choice is made, the owner must take into account his or her own needs, the company's finances and the cost. It is also clear that the choice is based on themselves and not from other similar organizations, which is in contrast to the new institutional theory. Since the theory focuses on the organizations aim to be more alike each other, which this studies informants do not agree with.