Zugl.: Luxemburg, Univ., Diss., 2009

Zugl.: Bonn, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

Mannheim, Univ., Diss., 2006.

Die Hueftdysplasie ist die in unseren Breiten am haeufigsten auftretende, meist angeborene Entwicklungsstoerung des passiven Bewegungsapparates. Immerhin werden ca. 10-20 % aller Neugeborenen mit einer meist erblich erworbenen Abnormitaet eines oder beider Hueftgelenke geboren. Das Erscheinungsbild der Hueftdysplasie und -luxation ist der Medizin schon seit ueber 2000 Jahren bekannt und galt ueber viele Jahrhunderte als unheilbar. Dank des zunehmenden Einsatzes moderner Diagnostikverfahren und erfolgreicher Behandlungsmethoden bei Neugeborenen haben sich die Ausheilungschancen dieser Entwicklungsstoerung wesentlich verbessert. Dennoch bleibt die Wahrscheinlichkeit sehr hoch, dass Sportlehrer mit Kindern und Jugendlichen konfrontiert werden, die durch eine praearthrotische Deformitaet der Hueftgelenke in ihrer sportlichen Belastbarkeit eingeschraenkt sind. Die Fragen nach der sportlichen Belastbarkeit und der Belastungs- gestaltung solcher Kinder und Jugendlichen im Schul- und Freizeitsport werden in der Literatur meist nur verschwommen und allgemein diskutiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit macht einen ersten Versuch, das komplexe Phaenomen der Hueftdysplasie aus der Sicht des Sportlehrers fuer Sportlehrer aufzuarbeiten. Nach der Bearbeitung notwendiger theoretischer Grundlagen wird ein Modell vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe die Einschaetzung sport- licher Belastbarkeit und die daraus resultierende Belastungsgestaltung relativ normiert werden koennte. Der oft existierende bedauerliche Informationsverlust zwischen Facharzt und Sportlehrer wuerde unter Anwendung des Modells verringert werden. Die oft tabellarische Zusammen- fassung der Evaluation der Schul- und Freizeitsportanforderungen sowie der Empfehlungen fuer eine entsprechende Belastungsgestaltung sollen die Uebersichtlichkeit fuer den Leser verbessern. Gutachter der Dissertationsschrift: Prof.Dr.med. K.Koinzer TU Chemnitz Philosophische Fakultaet Fachgebiet Sport PD Dr. L.Rausch TU Chemnitz Philosophische Fakultaet Fachgebiet Sport Prof.Dr. J.Innenmoser Universitaet Leipzig Fakultaet Sportwissenschaft Promotionskolloquium: 28.05.1998 Gesamtbewertung: magna cum laude

Thesis (doctoral)--Giessen, 1982.

Einleitung: Bei Langzeitüberlebenden nach OLT findet sich eine Reduktion der Diffusionskapazität ohne Veränderungen des Lungeninterstitiums (nachweisbar in der high resolution Computertomographie HR-CT) und eine Reduktion der Muskelmasse. Wir untersuchten daher den Pathomechanismus der Diffusionsstörung, den zeitlichen Verlauf der Diffusionskapazität und die Auswirkungen der Lungen- und Atemfunktion auf die kardiopulmonale Belastbarkeit. Methoden: Bei 38 Lebertransplantierten (67.7 Mon. nach OLT) wurden Diffusionskapazität, Membranfaktor, Kapillarvolumen, Atemantrieb, maximaler inspiratorischer Druck (PImax), die maximale O2-Aufnahme (VO2max) und Atemeffizienz bestimmt und ein HR-CT der Lunge sowie eine Echokardiographie durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Diffusionsstörungen bestanden bei 21% der Patienten. Der Diffusionskoeffizient war gegenüber der Voruntersuchung um 4% angestiegen 4% (p / Introduction: In long-term survivors after OLT, a reduction of the diffusion capacity (TLCO) may be noticed in absence of interstitial pulmonary changes (as observed in high resolution computertomography HR-CT). Also a diminution of the body muscle mass may be seen together with an increase in body fat mass. We tried to identify the origin of the pulmonary diffusion impairment as an alteration of the membrane factor or the capillary volume. We analysed the progression of the impairment in the course time and the effects of cardiac and respiratory function on VO2max. Methods: In 38 patients (67.7 month after OLT) we determined TLCO, membrane factor, capillary volume, ventilatory drive, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximal O2-uptake on exercise and breathing efficiency. Also HR-CT and echocardiography have been performed. Results: Diffusion impairment has been found in 21% of the patients. In the course of 3 years the diffusion coefficient has increased by 4% (p

Background: Recalled parental rearing behavior is one of the factors influencing the strength of resilience. However, it is unclear whether resilience is a relatively stable personality trait or has a relational character whose protective strength changes over the course of life. Therefore, the association between recalled parental rearing and resilience as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression was investigated in respect to age and gender. Methods: N = 4,782 healthy subjects aged 14-92 (M = 48.1 years) were selected by the random-route sampling method. In this sample, an ultra-short form of the Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior Questionnaire, the German short version of the resilience scale, and two screening instruments for depression and anxiety (PHQ-2, GAD-2) were filled out. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data estimated with the maximum likelihood method approach. Results: The data revealed that rejection and punishment were clearly associated with lower resilience. Moreover, resilience had a strong connection to the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Resilience had the same quality of association in both men and women with respect to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the effect of resilience did not vary across several age groups even though challenges may differ over a lifetime. Conclusion: Recalled parental rearing behavior such as rejection and punishment as well as control and overprotection exert a significant association on the strength of resilience. Resilience has an effect independent of gender and does not affect people of different age groups differently.

Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss.--Berlin.

Background. Resilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain’s largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents. Method. Three groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography. Results. Higher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups. Conclusion. High FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.

Background: Recalled parental rearing behavior is one of the factors influencing the strength of resilience. However, it is unclear whether resilience is a relatively stable personality trait or has a relational character whose protective strength changes over the course of life. Therefore, the association between recalled parental rearing and resilience as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression was investigated in respect to age and gender. Methods: N = 4,782 healthy subjects aged 14-92 (M = 48.1 years) were selected by the random-route sampling method. In this sample, an ultra-short form of the Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior Questionnaire, the German short version of the resilience scale, and two screening instruments for depression and anxiety (PHQ-2, GAD-2) were filled out. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data estimated with the maximum likelihood method approach. Results: The data revealed that rejection and punishment were clearly associated with lower resilience. Moreover, resilience had a strong connection to the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Resilience had the same quality of association in both men and women with respect to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the effect of resilience did not vary across several age groups even though challenges may differ over a lifetime. Conclusion: Recalled parental rearing behavior such as rejection and punishment as well as control and overprotection exert a significant association on the strength of resilience. Resilience has an effect independent of gender and does not affect people of different age groups differently.