The objective of the thesis is to fabrication an optical demultiplexer using Thin-film filter(TFF) based on Si-bench technology. The advantage over conventional bulk-optics technology in fact that the active alignment is performed in only 1-dimension. There fore the cost of package of the demultiplexer can be reduced significantly. Lights at multiple wavelengths were launched into the demultiplexer through a Dual-core single mode fiber(SMF). Due to the wavelength selection of the TFF, only the designate wavelength can pass through the filter and is refocused by the C-lens to the output Single-core single mode fiber(SMF). The other wavelengths will be reflected by the TFF, pass through the Grin-lens again and return to the Dual-core single mode fiber(SMF). The measured reflection(1470nm¡B1490nm¡B1510nm¡B1530nm¡B1550nm) and transmission (1470nm¡B1490nm¡B1510nm¡B1530nm)lasers of the lights are around 0.5dB.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-237).

Five exterior hot benches have been installed in Gävle, in Kyrkogatan street by the company Gävle Energi with the aim of achieving the wellnes of people that sit on them. This system uses the residual heat from the district heating, representing consequently a non-polluting system. However, the temperature desired on the surface, 35°C is not always achieved before different exterior conditions. For this reason, Gävle Energi is interested in carrying out a study about enhancements that could be made in the system in order to take them into account for future projects of this kind of technology.   The aim of this project is analysing if it would be possible to achieve the requirements established by Gävle Energi, changing with this objective all the necessary system parameters of the current system such as diameter of the pipes, materials, number of turns... These requirements consist of working with a supply temperature of 40, 45 and 50°C when the exterior conditions are 0, -5 and -10°C respectively, accomplishing always 35°C on the surface. Moreover, in case that it was not possible, providing the company with the characteristics of the system that would make the system as efficient as possible, specifying for different exterior temperatures the mass flow, pressure drop, velocity and needed power.   The study has been developed by different simulations with the software COMSOL, whose use requires a high knowledge on heat transfer. After several simulations, it has been checked that it is not possible to accomplish the requirements established by the company. However, a new more efficient design has been designed because the supply temperatures of the system to accomplish an average temperature of around 35°C on the surface have been minimised. For that, several changes have been carried out. The number of pipes turns have been increased from 12 to 17, their total diameter from 20mm to 30mm and the distance between the centres of the pipes from 5.5cm to 4cm. The 2mm of outer plastic thickness of the pipes has been replaced by copper and the height of the pipes has been moved 2cm upwards.   With all these changes, the final length of the pipes inner the stones has a value of 40.6m and the supply temperatures reach 46, 47 and 49°C for the 0,-5 and -10°C exterior conditions respectively. Apart from the supply temperatures for the study cases, the ones necessary to accomplish always the temperature desired on the surface for other exterior temperatures have been provided together with the amount of power necessary, velocity flow, volumetric flow and pressure drop for all the different cases. These values would allow the company to work always at the optimum point as well as to design the heat pump for the system.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

No description available.

Dans le cadre du projet ECOMEF visant à éco-concevoir un outil de bûcheronnage pour la mécanisation des peuplements feuillus, les travaux de thèse présentés ici concernent la modélisation du système bois court, et plus particulièrement des opérations d’abattage et de façonnage (ébranchage et billonnage). Des modèles ont été développés afin d’étudier la transmission de l’effort d’entraînement au tronc par les rouleaux ainsi que l’opération d’ébranchage par choc. Parallèlement, différents démonstrateurs ont été réalisés afin de mener un certain nombre d’essais expérimentaux, qui ont permis, d’une part, une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes étudiés, et d’autre part le recalage des modèles théoriques. Enfin, une simulation dynamique multicorps a été mise en place, afin d’étudier plus précisément l’adaptation de différentes architectures cinématiques de châssis articulés aux flexuosités du tronc rencontrées dans les essences feuillues. Celle-ci intègre l’ensemble des modèles analytiques développés et permet une approche globale à travers l’interaction des modèles les uns avec les autres. / The research work presented here and realized within the framework of the ECOMEF project - which aims to develop a harvester head more specifically designed to process and fell broad-leaved trees – focuses on the modeling of the cut-to-length logging process, and particularly on the felling and processing (delimbing and bucking) operations. Several models have been developed in order to study the transmission of the feed force to the trunk or the delimbing process. In the same time, different benches have been designed in order to carry out experimental tests that allow a better understanding of the considered phenomenons as well as the experimental characterization of the models’ parameters. Finally, a multi-body dynamic simulation has been developed, in order to study the adaptation of different kinematic architectures of articulated frames to the crooked trunks specific to broad-leaved trees. This simulation contains each analytic model and allow a global study of the phenomenon by considering the interaction between each model.

A presente tese tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados alcançados por meio de pesquisas sistemáticas de campo, laboratório e gabinete, que interligadas coligiram dados responsáveis uma compreensão mais assertiva sobre o modo de vida e dinâmica cultural dos grupos pré-históricos que ocuparam a Área Arqueológica de Xingó durante quase oito milênios. A pesquisa baseou-se em diferentes posicionamentos teóricos, tendo como foco as indústrias líticas evidenciadas e coletadas em dezesseis sítios arqueológicos, todos da área 03 de Xingó. Essa característica foi fundamental e nos permitiram inferir com maior segurança sobre as diferentes escolhas/estratégias envolvidas para concepção e manufatura dos conjuntos artefatuais (similaridades e diferenças), porém sempre cerceando a possibilidade de compreensão de como as populações pré-históricas que ocuparam a região estabeleceram seu sistema regional de assentamentos em terraço, tendo como hipótese norteadora que todos os sítios contemporâneos estariam conectados entre si no chamado complexo situacional de sítios. Metodologicamente, nossos dados foram sistematizados por meio da análise dos atributos formais e tecnológicos das indústrias líticas e de técnicas estatístico-comparativas, de forma que nos possibilitou reconstruir, mesmo que parcialmente, as seqüências operacionais dessa cultura material, inclusive partindo do pressuposto de variabilidade isocréstica. Em relação ao referencial teórico, foram utilizados múltiplos conceitos e abordagens que convergiram para a compreensão da paisagem enquanto construção social que, dotada de valores e significados, foi ser compreendida como o loci de ocupação continuada, ou lugares persistentes. / This thesis presents the final results of a long-term study after systematic research in field, in laboratory and in office that interconnected unify data which give us an assertive understanding of the life and cultural dynamic of prehistoric societies who occupied the Archaeological Zone of Xingo during eight thousand years. The research is based in different theoretical approaches, but focusing the lithic assemblage revealed and collected in sixteen archaeological sites, all of them into the included in the Area 3 of Xingo. These different approaches were essential in this research, giving me the opportunity to infer with security the differences on the co-participating strategies related to the conception and manufacture of the artefactual assemblages (similarities and differences), hence delimitating the possibility to understand how the Xingo an prehistoric populations established their regional settlement system on the fluvial benches. I used as a guide hypothesis the fact that all contemporaneous sites were connected among them in a situational complex of sites. Methodologically, my data was systematized through of formal analysis of the morphological and technological attributes of the lithic assemblages and through statistical-comparative techniques, which helped me to reconstruct partially the operational sequences of the material culture manufacture, including the isocrestic variability. In relation to my theoretical frames, I used multiples concepts and approaches that worked together to understand the landscape while a social construction immersed in social means and values which have been understood as a loci of continuous occupation or persistent places

A presente tese tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados alcançados por meio de pesquisas sistemáticas de campo, laboratório e gabinete, que interligadas coligiram dados responsáveis uma compreensão mais assertiva sobre o modo de vida e dinâmica cultural dos grupos pré-históricos que ocuparam a Área Arqueológica de Xingó durante quase oito milênios. A pesquisa baseou-se em diferentes posicionamentos teóricos, tendo como foco as indústrias líticas evidenciadas e coletadas em dezesseis sítios arqueológicos, todos da área 03 de Xingó. Essa característica foi fundamental e nos permitiram inferir com maior segurança sobre as diferentes escolhas/estratégias envolvidas para concepção e manufatura dos conjuntos artefatuais (similaridades e diferenças), porém sempre cerceando a possibilidade de compreensão de como as populações pré-históricas que ocuparam a região estabeleceram seu sistema regional de assentamentos em terraço, tendo como hipótese norteadora que todos os sítios contemporâneos estariam conectados entre si no chamado complexo situacional de sítios. Metodologicamente, nossos dados foram sistematizados por meio da análise dos atributos formais e tecnológicos das indústrias líticas e de técnicas estatístico-comparativas, de forma que nos possibilitou reconstruir, mesmo que parcialmente, as seqüências operacionais dessa cultura material, inclusive partindo do pressuposto de variabilidade isocréstica. Em relação ao referencial teórico, foram utilizados múltiplos conceitos e abordagens que convergiram para a compreensão da paisagem enquanto construção social que, dotada de valores e significados, foi ser compreendida como o loci de ocupação continuada, ou lugares persistentes. / This thesis presents the final results of a long-term study after systematic research in field, in laboratory and in office that interconnected unify data which give us an assertive understanding of the life and cultural dynamic of prehistoric societies who occupied the Archaeological Zone of Xingo during eight thousand years. The research is based in different theoretical approaches, but focusing the lithic assemblage revealed and collected in sixteen archaeological sites, all of them into the included in the Area 3 of Xingo. These different approaches were essential in this research, giving me the opportunity to infer with security the differences on the co-participating strategies related to the conception and manufacture of the artefactual assemblages (similarities and differences), hence delimitating the possibility to understand how the Xingo an prehistoric populations established their regional settlement system on the fluvial benches. I used as a guide hypothesis the fact that all contemporaneous sites were connected among them in a situational complex of sites. Methodologically, my data was systematized through of formal analysis of the morphological and technological attributes of the lithic assemblages and through statistical-comparative techniques, which helped me to reconstruct partially the operational sequences of the material culture manufacture, including the isocrestic variability. In relation to my theoretical frames, I used multiples concepts and approaches that worked together to understand the landscape while a social construction immersed in social means and values which have been understood as a loci of continuous occupation or persistent places