Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1986. / Bibliography: leaves 146-149.

Thesis (D. Mus. Arts)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Chapters on each composer include a catalogue and discography of their works. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 333-335).

B.A. Etcheverry (4) in his book, Land Drainage and Flood Protection, states that inadequate drainage causes: (1) a public health menace, (2) an animal health menace, (3) lower grade plant life, (4) inadequate soil saturation, (5) lower soil temperatures, (6) shallow root penetration and, therefore, plant suffering in late summer months from effects of drought, (7) poor soil texture and workability, (8) increased surface washing and erosion of land surface, and (9) alkali and saline conditions. Other factors such as poorer roads and highways, decreased tax revenues, etc., might be added to this list. The advantages of adequate drainage are absence of these disadvantages. Many public as well as private benefits are realized from land drainage. The present world situation has brought about a great need for increased food production. Jones, in the July 1952 issue of Agricultural Engineering (13), writes: There is greater need for food and fiber production on United States farms today than ever before. U.S. population has increased 20 million in ten years...an appreciable part of our food supplies must go to feed men in the military service...our present exports require the production ofrom approximately 50 million acres...as a result of these heavy demands, the agricultural surpluses we heard so much about a few years ago are now a myth. It appears that over the U.S. some 30-40 million acres of land are now under cultivation on which crop yields could be increased 50 per cent or more by farm drainage work, an increase which can be obtained without increased demands for machinery, labor, seed, or fertilizer. All that would be required would be a limited amount of construction equipment such as small draglines, bulldozers, and graders. In view of the urgent need for increasing our food supply, it would seem that every effort should be made to provide the necessary critical materials to furnish and maintain the small amount of equipment necessary to carry on an expanded program of farm drainage. Conditions are more favorable economically for drainage than ever before. Land values and food values have both increased considerably.

The problem is to examine the contributions of George S. Benson to Christian education. The study presents data obtained by personal interviews with George Benson and people who have been close to him, excerpts from letters written by former students, teachers, and board members, minutes of the Board of Trustees of Harding College, books, articles, speeches and newspapers.

La phosphoribulokinase (PRK) et la glycéraldéhyde 3-phosphate déshydrogénase (GAPDH) sont deux enzymes-clés du cycle de Calvin-Benson. Leurs activités sont régulées par l’intermédiaire de la CP12, une protéine intrinsèquement désordonnée. Au cours de la transition lumière-obscurité, la GAPDH, la CP12 et la PRK forment un complexe supramoléculaire au sein duquel l’activité des enzymes est inhibée. Dans les travaux présentés ici, nous nous sommes intéressés à la formation de ce complexe et à la dynamique de ses composants. Nous avons montré pour la première fois que les résidus cystéine Cys243 et Cys249 de la PRK sont essentiels à la formation du complexe GAPDH-CP12-PRK et qu’ils peuvent former un pont disulfure en présence de CP12. Nous avons également étudié la dynamique de la CP12 en présence de ses partenaires, et observé que la CP12 adopte une conformation beaucoup plus compacte en présence de GAPDH et de PRK. La glutathionylation (formation d’un pont disulfure mixte entre une molécule de glutathion et un résidu cystéine appartenant à une protéine) est une modification post-traductionnelle associée au stress oxydant qui affecte dix enzymes du cycle de Calvin-Benson, y compris la GAPDH et la PRK. Nous avons étudié l’impact de la glutathionylation sur ces enzymes, et montré que l’inactivation de la PRK naît de l’encombrement du site de fixation de l’ATP.Enfin, la dernière partie de ces travaux est centrée sur l’adénylate kinase 3 de C. reinhardtii, une enzyme impliquée dans le métabolisme de l’ATP et qui possède une extension similaire à la CP12. Cette première étude montre que cette extension augmente la stabilité de l’ADK 3 et intervient dans sa glutathionylation. / Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are two key enzymes of the Calvin-Benson and their activities are redox-regulated through the intervention of CP12, a intrinsically disordered protein. During the light-to-dark transitions, GAPDH, CP12 and PRK form a supramolecular complex in which the enzymes are strongly inhibited; this complex is dissociated during the dark-to-light transition and the active enzymes are released.In the work presented here, we studied the formation of the complex and the dynamics of its components. For the first time, we showed that two cysteine residues of PRK, Cys243 and Cys249, are essential to the assembly of the GAPDH-CP12-PRK complex, and can form a disulfide bridge in presence of CP12.Glutathionylation (the formation of a mixed disulfide bridge linking one glutathione molecule and a cysteine residue from a protein) is a post-translational modification associated with oxidative stress that affects ten of the Calvin-Benson enzymes, including GAPDH and PRK, and we show that the inactivation of PRK by glutathionylation is caused by the blockage of the ATP binding site by glutathione.The last part of this work is centered around adenylate kinase 3 from C. reinhardtii, an enzyme tied to the energetic metabolism of the cells that presents a CP12-like C-terminal extension. Our results suggest that this CP12-like “tail” improve the stability of ADK 3 and participates in tis glutathionylation.

This thesis examines the utopian writings of Robert Hugh Benson, H. G. Wells and Aldous Huxley in the context of contemporary and modern nationally conscious discourses. Focusing on the period of 1910-1939, the present study explores the terms and strategies whereby utopian visions of a World State, premised on religion or universal governance, engage with, and contribute to, constructions of England as a specific topography, with a political culture, social hierarchies, religious sensibilities, and literary tradition. Informed by literary history, utopian theory, studies of national character and nationalism, the thesis argues that the writings of Benson, Wells and Huxley communicate an ascertainable reciprocity between these authors’ utopian imagination and national susceptibilities. The thesis investigates the ways in which the studied fictions endorse visions of a World State, offering a mediated response not only to the contemporary condition of England, but also to England’s topographic, political, and socio-cultural continuity. Of particular interest is a re-invocation of Southern England as either a fictional setting or a liminal environment for the emergence of a World State. The study also investigates the narrative anxieties about the retreat of Liberalism from the national political scene, being superseded by the restrictive regimes of a World State; and a fictional renewal of social hierarchies as nationally conscious models for efficient government. The thesis further accounts for the authorial engagements with continuity, examining Benson’s investment in dynastic rule, Wells’s hostility to revolution, and Huxley’s redefinition of the ‘English poetic mind’ to oppose the dissolution of national literary traditions in a global future. In exploring the extent to which alternative versions of England (Catholic, Cosmopolitan, Alien) dominate the visions of world unity, this thesis contends that the nationality of a World State manifests itself not in the universal ends that such visions seek to achieve, but in the nationally conscious means they press into service.

This thesis examines the career of American conservative activist George S. Benson (1898-1991), who served as President of the Church of Christ–affiliated Harding College in Searcy, Arkansas (1936-1965) and rose to national prominence in the early 1940s, when he established the National Education Program. This examination provides an interpretation of the nature, origins and influence of modern U.S. conservatism. By focusing on the period from the 1930s to the mid-1960s, this work builds on a number of recent studies that have demonstrated the significant advantages to exploring modern conservatism beyond the social and political tumults of the 1960s and 1970s. Benson’s efforts also reveal some flaws in the analytical paradigm that dominates the literature on the modern right: the transition between conservatism’s marginalization in the 1930s and its recapture of the political mainstream by the late 1970s. Tempering this ‘rise of the right’ narrative by accepting both the importance and incompleteness of this resurgence provides the basis for the more nuanced approach that defines this work. Benson’s efforts to promote conservatism were defined – perhaps in equal measure – by failures, successes, and innovations. As a result, his career provides a new perspective on the boundaries of modern conservatism. Much of the work on conservatism focuses on either elites or grassroots activists. Benson operated within a space between these two groups that has rarely been explored. His career relied, almost exclusively, on the financial support of conservative businessmen, who shared his desire to effect a political re-education of the American public. To do this, Benson utilized a remarkable range of outlets for his message, which included a newspaper column, a radio broadcast, a relentless speaking schedule, and the production of approximately fifty films. He also made pioneering efforts to increase the influence of conservatism within the education system. Benson’s appeal to businessmen also resided in his construction of an innovative discourse for communicating the virtues of unfettered corporate capitalism and challenging its critics. Drawing on his own youthful experiences in Oklahoma, one of the last ‘frontier’ outposts, as well as the mythology of frontier individualism and the discourse of populism, Benson offered a folksy rebuke of ‘big government’ and embraced the corporate world as the heir to these virtues (despite the obvious contradictions). Benson’s faith ensured that religion became the second pillar of his ‘Americanism.’ His economic outlook constituted a prescient departure from Church of Christ traditions that, like those of many Southern fundamentalist and evangelical groups, harbored long-standing concerns that economic modernity constituted a destabilizing and amoral influence over a society that required order, stability and a primary dedication to non-worldly ideals. Moreover, Benson offers a new insight into the confluence of the traditionalist and libertarian wings of the right, a defining feature of the modern conservative movement. Benson’s political vision resonated most profoundly in the South and Southwest, where the heartland of modern conservatism emerged from a collision between the region’s remarkable postwar economic transformation and its preexisting religious and political culture. In a more general sense, certain themes within Benson’s crusade, notably including the power and influence of organized labor, provided key successes for the right during these years. These successes were testament to the importance of favorable circumstances, but Benson’s career was defined by the conviction that a more effective communication of conservatism would solve the right’s problems throughout the nation; one key argument of this work is that the message itself had notable limitations. These limitations, in turn, reveal a more profound ambiguity towards conservatives’ economic message within American political culture, the shortcomings of religious conservatism, and the problematic and incomplete nature of Benson’s efforts to ‘fuse’ economic and social conservatism. On the other hand, that conservatives’ ambitions were not met during this period does not suggest that Benson operated in an era of political comity; in one important respect, conservatives such as Benson helped to constrain political discourse and ensure the persistent moderation of their opponents.

Variations in the relative amounts of ¹²C and ¹³C in microbial biomass can be used to infer the pathway(s) autotrophs use to fix and assimilate dissolved inorganic carbon. Discrimination against ¹³C by the enzymes catalyzing autotrophic carbon fixation is a major factor dictating the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C = {[¹³C/¹²Csample/¹³C/¹²Cstandard] - 1} X 1000) of biomass. Six different forms of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase or RubisCO (IA, IB, IC, ID, II, and III), the carboxylase of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB), are utilized by algae and autotrophic bacteria that rely on the CBB cycle for carbon fixation. To date, isotope discrimination has been measured for form IA, IB, and II RubisCOs. Isotopic discrimination, expressed as ε values (={[¹²k/¹³k] - 1} X 1000; ¹²k and ¹³k = rates of ¹²C and ¹³C fixation) range from 18 to 29‰, explaining the variation in biomass δ¹³C values of autotrophs that utilize these enzymes. Isotope discrimination by form IC RubisCO has not been measured, despite the presence of this enzyme in many proteobacteria of ecological interest, including marine manganese-oxidizing bacteria, some nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and extremely metabolically versatile organisms such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The purpose of this work is to determine the e value for the form IC RubisCO enzyme from R. sphaeroides. Under standard conditions (pH 7.5 and 5 mM DIC), form IC RubisCO had an ε value of 29‰. Sampling the full phylogenetic breadth of RubisCO enzymes for isotopic discrimination makes it possible to constrain the range of δ¹³C values of organisms fixing carbon via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. These results are helpful for determining the degree to which CBB cycle carbon fixation contributes to primary and secondary productivity in microbially-dominated food webs.

Open country farming in Utah came late in the pioneer period having been preceded by compact settlement in villages. These villages were located on mountain streams near mouths of canyons on higher ground. Reasons for compact settlement were: (1) Early environment probably influenced many of the Utah settlers who came from New England were villages were patterned after the compact European agricultural village. (2) Compact settlement was basic to the plan for the "City of Zion" envisaged by Latter Day Saint leaders in 1833. In Utah, settlement in such villages resulted from adherence of members to precepts of L.D.S. Church authorities. (3) Local conditions in Utah were peculiarly adapted to this type of village. Problems evolving from scarcity of water, community irrigation projects, hostile Indians, and social intercourse were all most adequately provided for in compact settlements. Oopen country farming came after Indian dangers had passed. As population grew, canals wore lengthened and families settled on outlying farms. In Cache Valley, open country communities are now found on the valley floor all the way between Preston, Idaho on the north and Hyrum on the south. Usually such communities are near a trade center. They represent groups which are slowly making adjustments to change. In spite of isolation, urbanization influences are at work in these communities. The purpose of this study was to find out how much the people living in the open country community of Benson were dependent on the near by city of Logan (population 12,000) for supplementing their own community offerings. More specifically the objectives were: 1. To ascertain the nature and extent of the uses made by the people of Benson of (1) their local community agencies and (2) the agencies of other communities. 2. To secure information on the origional cost of the plant and equipment of each of the local community agencies.

Five different forms of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO; IA, IB, IC, ID, II), the carboxylase of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB), are utilized by plants, algae and autotrophic bacteria for carbon fixation. Discrimination against 13C by RubisCO is a major factor dictating the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C = {[13C/12C sample/13C/12C standard] - 1} X 1000) of biomass. To date, isotope discrimination, expressed as ε values (={[12k/13k] - 1} X 1000; 12k and 13k = rates of 12C and 13C fixation) has been measured for form IA, IB, and II RubisCOs from only a few species, with ε values ranging from 18 to 29 /. The aim of this study was to better characterize form ID and IC RubisCO enzymes, which differ substantially in primary structure from the IB enzymes present in many cyanobacteria and organisms with green plastids, by measuring isotopic discrimination and kinetic parameters (KCO2 and Vmax). Several major oceanic primary producers, including diatoms, coccolithophores, and some dinoflagellates have form ID RubisCO, while form IC RubisCO is present in many proteobacteria of ecological interest, including marine manganese-oxidizing bacteria, some nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and extremely metabolically versatile organisms such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The ε - values of the form ID RubisCO from the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi and the diatom, Skeletonema costatum (respectively 11.1 / and 18.5 /) were measured along with form IC RubisCO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Ralstonia eutropha (respectively 22.9 / and 19.0 /). Isotopic discrimination by these form ID/IC RubisCOs is low when compared to form IA/IB RubisCOs (22-29 /). Since the measured form ID RubisCOs are less selective against 13C, oceanic carbon cycle models based on 13C values may need to be reevaluated to accommodate lower ε values of RubisCOs found in major marine algae. Additionally, with further isotopic studies, the extent to which form IC RubisCO from soil microorganisms contributes to the terrestrial carbon sink may also be determined.