Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-21T16:48:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fabr?cio Nascimento Gaud?ncio.pdf: 2705400 bytes, checksum: 84083c56a169de3a2c732060527db477 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T16:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fabr?cio Nascimento Gaud?ncio.pdf: 2705400 bytes, checksum: 84083c56a169de3a2c732060527db477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the arthropod growth regulator fluazuron in the energetic metabolism of Rhipicephalus microplus. 6 stabled cattle divided into control and treated groups containing three animals each. A commercial formulation containing the active compound fluazuron was administered topically in the treated group. The engorged female ticks were collected from some days before (day 0) and after treatment of animals (4, 8, and 15 days). After collecting the engorged females, the following biological parameters were analyzed: weight of the engorged female, weight of the female after oviposition, laying period, laying weight, egg production rate, reproductive efficiency index, percentage of hatching and nutritional index. It was also evaluated the metabolic profile: in the hemolymph (concentration of glucose, total protein and organic acids - oxalic, pyruvic and lactic, enzymatic activity of LDH, ALT and AST); in the fat body (glycogen concentration and percentage of variation of neutral lipids); in eggs (concentration of glucose and total protein content, percentage change of neutral lipids and enzymatic activities of ALT and AST); and in the cuticle of engorged female ticks (percentage change of neutral lipids). Secondly, female immersion test was conducted to assess the activities of carboxylesterases enzymes, monooxygenases (MFO) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in sensitive strain of eggs and larvae (Porto Alegre, RS) compared with resistant strain (Jaguar, RS). It also assessed the detoxification enzymes in the fat body of engorged females of sensitive strain. The results showed that all the biological parameters showed lower results when compared to the control group after the exposure to fluazuron, except the weight of the female after oviposition. Although an increase was observed in the concentration of glucose in hemolymph on the 8th day and glycogen in the fat body in 15th day, there was no significant difference in the comparison of means between control and treated day-to-day. The concentration of lactic acid gradually increased in the treated group over time due to treatment, indicating increased anaerobic metabolism. There was no significant difference in the percentage change of neutral lipids in fat body, cuticle and eggs in any of the time intervals. No significant difference was observed in the activity of transaminases in the hemolymph, but it was observed in eggs after the treatment on the 8th day. The activity of MFO was higher in the comparison between the resistant and sensitive strains in eggs, but in larvae, the increase was observed in carboxylesterases in the resistant strain. In females, MFO showed high activity in the fat body as a function of fluazuron exposure, especially on day 4 in the treated group. Increases in transaminase activity and detoxification enzymes in females and eggs were associated with possible cell damage and trying to metabolism of active principle-tested. For the first time, a research about the metabolic effects of fluazuron has been conducted, focusing on different biochemical aspects, demonstrating that its effectiveness is related to a number of metabolic changes, leading to a parasite homeostasis breaking. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os perfis metab?lico-energ?tico de carrapatos Rhipicephalus microplus expostos ao fluazuron. 6 bovinos foram estabulados e divididos em grupos controle e tratado, contendo 3 animais cada. Uma formula??o comercial contendo o princ?pio-ativo fluazuron foi administrada por via t?pica nos animais do grupo tratado. F?meas ingurgitadas foram coletadas em dias determinados: antes (dia 0) e ap?s o tratamento dos animais (4, 8 e 15 dias). Ap?s a coleta das f?meas ingurgitadas, foram analisados os seguintes par?metros biol?gicos: peso da f?mea ingurgitada, peso da quen?gina, per?odo de postura, peso da postura, ?ndice de produ??o de ovos, efici?ncia reprodutiva, percentual de eclos?o e ?ndice nutricional. Foi avaliado tamb?m o perfil metab?lico: na hemolinfa (concentra??o de glicose, prote?nas totais e ?cidos org?nicos - ox?lico, pir?vico e l?tico, atividade enzim?tica de LDH, ALT e AST), no corpo gorduroso (concentra??o de glicog?nio e percentual de varia??o de lip?dios neutros), nos ovos (concentra??o de glicose, prote?nas totais, percentual varia??o de lip?dios neutros e atividade enzim?tica de ALT e AST), e na cut?cula das f?meas ingurgitadas (percentual de varia??o de lip?dios neutros). Num segundo momento, realizou-se teste de imers?o de f?meas ingurgitadas para posterior avalia??o das atividades das enzimas carboxilesterases, monooxigenases (MFO) e glutationa-S-transferase (GST) em ovos e larvas de diferentes cepas: sens?vel (Porto Alegre, RS) e cepa resistente (Jaguar, RS) ao fluazuron. Avaliou-se tamb?m as enzimas de detoxifica??o no corpo gorduroso de f?meas ingurgitadas de cepa sens?vel. Na an?lise dos resultados, todos os par?metros apresentaram resultados inferiores, quando comparados ao grupo controle, em fun??o da exposi??o ao fluazuron, exceto o peso da quen?gina. Embora tenha sido observado um aumento na concentra??o de glicose hemolinf?tica no 8? dia e glicog?nio no corpo gorduroso no 15?dia, n?o houve diferen?a significativa na compara??o das m?dias entre controle e tratado dia-a-dia. A concentra??o do ?cido l?tico apresentou aumento progressivo significativo no grupo tratado ao longo do tempo em fun??o do tratamento, indicando aumento do metabolismo anaer?bio. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para as varia??es percentuais de lip?dios neutros no corpo gorduroso, cut?cula e ovos em nenhum dos dias de avalia??o. Embora n?o tenha sido observada diferen?a significativa nas atividades das transaminases na hemolinfa, observou-se aumento significativo nos ovos ap?s o tratamento no 8?dia. A atividade da MFO foi maior, na compara??o entre as cepas resistente e sens?vel, nos ovos, e com rela??o ?s larvas; o aumento observado foi nas carboxilesterases da cepa resistente. Nas f?meas, a MFO apresentou atividade elevada no corpo gorduroso em fun??o da exposi??o ao fluazuron, principalmente no 4?dia no grupo tratado. Os aumentos na atividade das transaminases e das enzimas de detoxifica??o nas f?meas ingurgitadas e nos ovos foram associados a poss?veis danos celulares e ? tentativa de metaboliza??o do princ?pio-ativo testado. Pela primeira vez, foi realizado um estudo acerca dos efeitos metab?licos do fluazuron, enfocando diferentes aspectos bioqu?micos, evidenciando que a sua efic?cia est? relacionada a diversas altera??es metab?licas, levando a uma quebra da homeostase do carrapato

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第25334号 / 農博第2600号 / 新制||農||1106(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 宮下 正弘, 教授 三芳 秀人, 教授 森 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM