Les instabilités hydrodynamiques en cavité chauffée latéralement jouent un rôle important dans certains processus de fabrication de matériaux tels que le procédé de Bridgman horizontal. En effet, le fluide (métal liquide qui va se solidifier) est le siège d’une circulation thermoconvective due à l’existence d’un gradient de température horizontal qui est susceptible de devenir instationnaire via des instabilités oscillatoires. La connaissance et la maîtrise de ces instabilités sont donc primordiales afin de pouvoir améliorer la qualité des cristaux obtenus par cette technique. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés en premier aux instabilités affectant la circulation convective dans une cavité tridimensionnelle de dimensions 4×2×1. (longueur × largeur × hauteur). Grâce aux techniques numériques de continuation, nous avons pu obtenir les solutions stationnaires et oscillatoires, ainsi que leur stabilité, jusqu’à l’apparition de la quasi-périodicité en fonction du nombre de Grashof Gr et pour un nombre de Prandtl allant de 0 à 0,025. Ensuite, pour un éventuel contrôle des instabilités, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets induits par la rotation de la cavité. Nous avons tout d’abord considéré un modèle monodimensionnel que nous avons développé durant cette thèse. Ce modèle analytique, bien que simplifié, est en très bon accord avec les observations en dynamique des écoulements atmosphériques (déviation des masses fluides vers la droite de la composante de vitesse dominante et vents thermiques). La stabilité linéaire de cet écoulement est ensuite effectuée en fonction du taux de rotation donné par le nombre de Taylor et du nombre de Grashof pour un nombre de Prandtl allant de 0 à 10. Nous avons pu montrer à travers ce modèle que la rotation possède un caractère stabilisant vis-à-vis de ce type d’écoulement. Enfin, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les effets de la rotation sur l’écoulement pleinement tridimensionnel dans la cavité de dimensions 4×2×1. Nous avons mis en évidence deux régimes d’écoulements : un régime dominé par la convection, où la circulation du fluide est déviée par la rotation dans la diagonale de la cavité, et un deuxième régime dominé par la rotation où la circulation du fluide est concentrée dans les couches limites dites d’Ekman et de Stewartson. Un très bon accord est observé entre le modèle analytique simplifié et la simulation numérique tridimensionnelle. / Hydrodynamic instabilities in laterally heated cavities play an important role in some material processing techniques such as the horizontal Bridgman process. Indeed, the fluid (liquid metal to be solidified) is the seat of a thermoconvective circulation due to the existence of a horizontal temperature gradient which is likely to become unsteady via oscillatory instabilities. The knowledge and the control of these instabilities are thus essential in order to be able to improve the quality of the crystals obtained by this technique. In this thesis, we are first interested in the instabilities of the convective circulation in a three-dimensional cavity of dimensions 4×2×1 (length × width × height). Thanks to the numerical continuation techniques, we were able to obtain the stationary and oscillatory solutions, as well as their stability, until the appearance of the quasi-periodicity according to the Grashof number Gr and for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 0.025.Then, the effects induced by a rotation of the cavity around the vertical axis parallel to gravity (for a possible control of the instabilities) are studied and a one-dimensional model developed during this thesis was first considered. This analytical model, although simplified, is in very good agreement with the observations of the atmospheric flows (deviation of the fluid masses towards the right of the component of the dominant velocity and thermal winds). The linear stability of this flow as well as an energy analysis at the thresholds are then performed as a function of the rotation rate given by the Taylor number Ta and the Grashof number Gr for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 10. Through this model, we have been able to show that the rotation has a stabilizing effect on this type of flow.We finally focused on the effects of this type of rotation on the steady fully threedimensional flow observed in the cavity 4×2×1 at low Grashof numbers.We have highlighted two flow regimes: a regime dominated by convection where the fluid circulation, deviated by the rotation, occurs in the diagonal of the cavity, and a second regime dominated by rotation where the fluid circulation is concentrated in the so-called Ekman and Stewartson boundary layers. A very good agreement is observed between the simplified analytical model and the three-dimensional numerical simulation.

Les ondes rétiniennes sont des bursts spontanées d'activité se propageant dans la rétine en développement, jouant un rôle fondamental dans le façonnage du système visuel et des circuits rétiniens. Ils disparaissent complètement à la maturation. Comprendre comment les ondes rétiniennes sont initiées et se propagent dans la rétine pourrait nous permettre de concevoir des protocoles pour déclencher de telles ondes rétiniennes dans la rétine adulte, s'attendant à réintroduire une certaine plasticité dans le tissu rétinien et les projections dans le cerveau. Dans ma thèse, je me suis concentré sur un stade spécifique de développement des ondes, appelé stade II, induit par des cellules spécifiques (SAC) et médiée par le neurotransmetteur acétylcholine. Les SAC immatures présentent un comportement d'éclatement spontané dû aux mécanismes cellulaires intrinsèques, qui disparaissent complètement lors de la maturation. En outre, les SAC immatures sont connectés par des connexions excitatrices, conduisant à des poussées d'activité en propagation. L'esprit général de ce travail de thèse est de proposer un modèle pour les ondes rétiniennes (i) suffisamment proche de la biophysique pour expliquer et proposer des expériences et (ii) suffisamment bien posé mathématiquement pour analyser sa dynamique sur des paramètres biophysiques variables. Dans ce contexte, nous avons voulu élucider les mécanismes qui font éclater les SAC immatures et comment les ondes rétiniennes commencent, se propagent et s'arrêtent. Nous avons proposé un modèle mathématique, fondé sur la biophysique, et à travers la théorie des bifurcations, nous expliquons les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents possibles des ondes rétiniennes, en soulignant les paramètres biophysiques pertinents contrôlant la propagation et la disparition des ondes. En plus de cela, nous avons analysé comment l'évolution de la conductance cholinergique due à la maturation des récepteurs nicotiniques modifie considérablement les caractéristiques de l'onde rétinienne. En particulier, il existe un intervalle très étroit de conductance de l'acétylcholine où la taille des ondes rétiniennes obéit à une distribution de loi de puissance, suggérant un mécanisme spécifique (homéostatique) stabilisant temporairement le réseau SAC dans cette gamme spécifique. En résumé, les résultats de cette thèse sont principalement théoriques, mais ils conduisent également à des prédictions expérimentales directement liées à la biologie. / Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of activity propagating in the developing retina, playing a fundamental role in shaping the visual system and retinal circuitry. They disappear completely upon maturation. Understanding how retinal waves are initiated and propagate in the retina could enable us to design protocols to trigger such retinal waves in the adult retina, expecting to reintroduce some plasticity in the retinal tissue and the projections in the brain. In my thesis, I have focused on a specific stage of development of waves, called stage II, induced by specific cells (SACs) and mediated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Immature SACs exhibit a spontaneous bursting behavior due to intrinsic cellular mechanisms, which disappears completely upon maturation. Also, immature SACs are connected by excitatory connections, leading to propagating bursts of activity. The general spirit of this thesis work, is to propose a model for retinal waves (i) sufficiently close to biophysics to explain and propose experiments and (ii) suffciently well posed mathematically to analyse its dynamics upon varying biophysical parameters. In this context, we wanted to ellucidate the mechanisms causing immature SACs to burst and how retinal waves start, propagate and stop. We proposed a mathematical model, grounded on biophysics, and through bifurcations theory we explain the possible underlying cellular mechanisms of retinal waves, highlighting the relevant biophysical parameters controlling waves propagation and disparition. On top of that, we analyzed how the evolution of cholinergic conductance due to the maturation of nicotinic receptors dramatically changes the retinal wave characteristics. Especially, there is a very narrow interval of acetylcholine conductance where retinal waves size obey a power law distribution, suggesting a specific (homeostatic) mechanism stabilizing temporarily the SACs network in this specific range. To sum up, this thesis results are mainly theoretical, but they also lead to experimental predictions directly linked to biology.

The purpose of this work is to illuminate some of the non-smooth phenomena found in piecewise-smooth continuous and discrete dynamical systems, which do not occur in smooth systems. We will explain how such non-smooth phenomena arise in applications which experience impact, such as impact oscillators, and a type of rotating machine, called magnetic bearing systems. The study of their dynamics and sensitivity to parameter variation gives not just insights into the critical motion found in these applications, but also into the complexity and beauty in their own right. This work comprises two parts. The first part studies a general one-dimensional discontinuous power law map which can arise from impact oscillators with a repelling wall. Parameter variation and the influence of the exponent on the existence and stability of periodic orbits is presented. In the second part we analyse two coupled oscillators that model rotating machines colliding with a circular boundary under friction. The study of the dynamics of rigid bodies impacting with and without friction is approached in two ways. On the one hand existence and stability conditions for non-impacting and impacting invariant sets are derived using local and global methods. On the other hand the analysis of parameter variation reveals new non-smooth bifurcations. Extensive numerical studies confirm these results and reveal further phenomena not attainable otherwise.

Neste trabalho utilizamos técnicas de controle e sincronização de sistemas caóticos, visando o uso delas para comunicação com caos. Aplicamos tais técnicas no circuito elétrico de Matsumoto-Chua. Inicialmente, mostramos a sensibilidade dos atratores deste circuito quando variamos os seus parâmetros. Determinamos as suas bacias de atração. Através da análise biespectral, verificamos que o acoplamento quadrático é alto para o atrator tipo Rössler, e quase nulo para o atrator Espiral-Dupla. Para a caracterização global do circuito, apresentamos diagramas, no espaço de parâmetros, com os valores dos expoentes de Lyapunov ou autocorrelação. A seguir estudamos esse circuito com uma perturbação senoidal. Com isto, identificamos novos cenários para a transição para o caos a partir da quase periodicidade. Duas destas transições foram identificados pela primeira vez nesse circuito. Aplicamos ao circuito cinco métodos de controle de caos: supressão de caos por sincronização de freqüências, controle de órbitas periódicas instáveis pelos métodos OGY e de realitnentação , estabilização no ponto ele equilíbrio (método de Hwang), migração e arraste (método OPCL). Finalmente, consideramos dois circuitos de Matsumo-Chua acoplados e determinamos as suas bacias de sincronização. Mostramos que a sincronização dos circuitos acoplados pode não depender das condições iniciais (fronteira das bacias contínua) ou ser extremamente sensível às condições iniciais (fronteira elas bacias elo tipo crivada ou intercrivada). / In this work we use control and synchronization of chaos techniques aiming their implementation in communicating with chaos. These techniques are applied into the electric circuit of Matsumoto-Chua. Initialty, we show the sensibility of the attractors under parameter variations. We determine the attractor basin of attractions. Through the bi-spectral analysis, we verify that the quadratic coupling is high for the Rössler-type attractor, and almost null for the Double-Scroll attractor. For the global charactcrization of this system, we show parameter diagrams of the Lyapunov exponents or auto-correlation. We also study this circuit under a sinusoidal perturbation. In this configuration, we identify new scenario for the transition to chaos through quasi-periodicity. Two of these transitions are identified by us for the first time in this perturbed circuit. We apply five control of chaos techniques: chaos suppression by frequency synchronization, control of unstable periodic orbits by the OGY and feed-back methods, stabilization of the equilibrium points (Hwang method), migration and entrainment (OPCL method). Finally, we consider two acoupled Matsumoto-Chua\'s circuits and determine their synchronization basins. We show that the synchronization in these coupled circuits may not depend on the initial conditions (continuous synchronization basin boundary) or may depend extremely on the initial conditions (riddled or intermingled synchronization basin boundaries).

Submitted by Ana Livia Rodero null (analivia.alr@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T13:02:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ana Livia Rodero.pdf: 1161759 bytes, checksum: 274c1765e8f585d91f579d2bde566cb8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-10T17:49:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodero_al_me_sjrp.pdf: 1161759 bytes, checksum: 274c1765e8f585d91f579d2bde566cb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T17:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodero_al_me_sjrp.pdf: 1161759 bytes, checksum: 274c1765e8f585d91f579d2bde566cb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudamos dois critérios sobre a não existência ou existência e unicidade de ciclos limites para campos vetoriais planares. Aplicamos esses critérios em algumas famílias de campos vetoriais quadráticos e cúbicos, além de estudarmos uma fórmula explícita para o número de ciclos limites que bifurcam do centro linear x’=-y, y’=x, quando o perturbamos com um campo vetorial polinomial arbitrário de grau n tendo a origem como um ponto singular. Usando o segundo critério, exibimos a configuração dos ciclos limites que bifurcam deste centro. Por fim, apresentamos uma segunda aplicação do segundo critério, onde mostramos que toda configuração finita de curvas fechadas simples do plano é topologicamente realizável como um conjunto de ciclos limites de um campo vetorial polinomial planar. / We study two criteria about the nonexistence or existence and uniquiness of limit cycles of planar vector fields. We apply these criteria to some families of quadratic and cubic polynomial vector fields. In addition to studying an explicit formula for the number of limit cycles wich bifurcate out of the linear centre x’=-y, y’=x, when we perturb it by an arbitrary polynomial vector field of degree n having the origin as a singular point. By the second criterion, we present the shape of the bifurcated limit cycles of this center. Finally, we present a second application of the second criterion, where we show that every finite configuration of disjoint simple closed curves of the plane is topologically realizable as the set of limit cycles of a planar polynomial vector field.

A complexidade da avaliação de segurança em sistemas de potência vem se tornando elevada, principalmente devido ao aumento por demanda de energia elétrica. Diariamente são inseridas cargas de forma sucessiva nos sistemas elétricos, podendo este fato conduzir o sistema ao colapso, caso não haja um planejamento adequado que evite tal ocorrência. Visando evitar um cenário de instabilidade, metodologias de estudo relativas à determinação de máximo carregamento para sistemas elétricos de potência vem sendo estudadas e desenvolvidas. Apesar de apresentarem avanços, este trabalhos possuem limitações que os impedem de serem utilizados em estudos de pré-operação e até em tempo real nos centros de operação. Considerando estas limitações, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia direta e combinada para determinar o ponto de perda de estabilidade do sistema (a máxima transferência de potência, ou o aparecimento de bifurcações de Hopf), a partir de um sistema de equações diferenciais-algébricas. Esta metodologia engloba características fundamentais para os estudos supracitados como velocidade e robustez. Desta forma, um aplicativo computacional para a avaliação de segurança de um sistema de potência baseado na metodologia proposta foi desenvolvido contemplando a determinação da margem de estabilidade devido a bifurcações no sistema de forma eficiente e robusta. Para tanto, esta tese apresenta uma contextualização da necessidade desta ferramenta, realiza modificações na metodologia direta de determinação da margem de estabilidade devido a oscilações no sistema coma finalidade de elevar sua faixa de convergência e desenvolve uma metodologia direta para determinação de bifurcações Sela-Nó. Por fim, o aplicativo final foi validado, utilizando a ferramenta Organon, em diversos sistemas incluindo o sistema interligado nacional modificado, juntamente com a avaliação de uma lista de contingências para o mesmo. / Security assessment complexity in power systems is becoming higher primarily due to increased demand for electricity. Daily, loads are successively connected to the power grids, which can actually lead the system to the collapse, if there is no adequate planning to avoid it. To avoid an instability scenario, methodologies for the determination of maximum loading for a power system have been studied and developed. Inspite of their progress, these works have limitations that prevent them from being used in pre-operation studies and even in real time in operation centers. Considering these limitations, this work presents the development of a direct and combined methodology to determine the operating point where the system stability is lost (the maximum power transfer or the oscillations appearance due to Hopf bifurcation), through differential-algebric equations. This methodology includes fundamental characteristics for the aforementioned studies such as speed and robustness. Thus, a computer application for power system security assessment based on the proposed methodology was developed with the objective of determining efficiently the stability margin due to bifurcations in the system. Therefore, this thesis presents an overview of the need for this tool, as well as changes to the direct method of determining the systems stability margin due to oscilations, with the purpose of increasing its convergence range and develops a methodology for direct determination of saddle-node bifurcations points. Finally, the final developed application is validated, using the Organon tool, in several systems including the national interconnected system modified in which a list of contingencies are evaluated for this system.

A complexidade da avaliação de segurança em sistemas de potência vem se tornando elevada, principalmente devido ao aumento por demanda de energia elétrica. Diariamente são inseridas cargas de forma sucessiva nos sistemas elétricos, podendo este fato conduzir o sistema ao colapso, caso não haja um planejamento adequado que evite tal ocorrência. Visando evitar um cenário de instabilidade, metodologias de estudo relativas à determinação de máximo carregamento para sistemas elétricos de potência vem sendo estudadas e desenvolvidas. Apesar de apresentarem avanços, este trabalhos possuem limitações que os impedem de serem utilizados em estudos de pré-operação e até em tempo real nos centros de operação. Considerando estas limitações, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia direta e combinada para determinar o ponto de perda de estabilidade do sistema (a máxima transferência de potência, ou o aparecimento de bifurcações de Hopf), a partir de um sistema de equações diferenciais-algébricas. Esta metodologia engloba características fundamentais para os estudos supracitados como velocidade e robustez. Desta forma, um aplicativo computacional para a avaliação de segurança de um sistema de potência baseado na metodologia proposta foi desenvolvido contemplando a determinação da margem de estabilidade devido a bifurcações no sistema de forma eficiente e robusta. Para tanto, esta tese apresenta uma contextualização da necessidade desta ferramenta, realiza modificações na metodologia direta de determinação da margem de estabilidade devido a oscilações no sistema coma finalidade de elevar sua faixa de convergência e desenvolve uma metodologia direta para determinação de bifurcações Sela-Nó. Por fim, o aplicativo final foi validado, utilizando a ferramenta Organon, em diversos sistemas incluindo o sistema interligado nacional modificado, juntamente com a avaliação de uma lista de contingências para o mesmo. / Security assessment complexity in power systems is becoming higher primarily due to increased demand for electricity. Daily, loads are successively connected to the power grids, which can actually lead the system to the collapse, if there is no adequate planning to avoid it. To avoid an instability scenario, methodologies for the determination of maximum loading for a power system have been studied and developed. Inspite of their progress, these works have limitations that prevent them from being used in pre-operation studies and even in real time in operation centers. Considering these limitations, this work presents the development of a direct and combined methodology to determine the operating point where the system stability is lost (the maximum power transfer or the oscillations appearance due to Hopf bifurcation), through differential-algebric equations. This methodology includes fundamental characteristics for the aforementioned studies such as speed and robustness. Thus, a computer application for power system security assessment based on the proposed methodology was developed with the objective of determining efficiently the stability margin due to bifurcations in the system. Therefore, this thesis presents an overview of the need for this tool, as well as changes to the direct method of determining the systems stability margin due to oscilations, with the purpose of increasing its convergence range and develops a methodology for direct determination of saddle-node bifurcations points. Finally, the final developed application is validated, using the Organon tool, in several systems including the national interconnected system modified in which a list of contingencies are evaluated for this system.

Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à la compréhension qualitative de systèmes d'EDP de type FitzHugh Nagumo. Elle est basée sur les propriétés excitable et oscillante du système d'EDO de type FitzHugh Nagumo lorsqu'on varie la valeur d'un paramètre. Après avoir analysé les propriétés du système d'EDO, on contruit des systèmes d'EDP par couplage de Réaction Diffusion ou opérateur des ondes. La simulation numérique des systèmes montre l'émergence de patterns complexes pertinents en biologie et physiologie. D'un point de vue mathématique, cela correspond à des attracteurs non triviaux, et divers théorèmes y sont montrés.

Submitted by Raul Felipe Appis (raul_appis_2010@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-12T17:34:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 textodissertacaoRAUL.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-13T18:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 appis_rf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T18:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 appis_rf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho, nosso principal objetivo é estudar a existência e estabilidade de ciclos limite de costura em sistemas lineares planares de Filippov descontínuos obtidos pela agregação de dois sistemas lineares planares do tipo foco, e tendo apenas um ponto de equilíbrio. Ao usar uma forma normal adequada com cinco parâmetros, é realizado um estudo completo de algumas aplicações de Poincaré. São encontradas diferentes bifurcações que são responsáveis pelo aparecimento de ciclos limite de costura e regiões abertas no espaço de parâmetros com nenhum, um, dois e três ciclos limite de costura. / In this work our main aim is to study the existence and stability of crossing limit cycles in planar linear systems of discontinuous Filippov obtained by the aggregation of two planar linear systems of focus type, and having only one equilibrium point is considered. By using an adequate normal form with five parameters, a thorough study of some Poincar´e maps is performed. Different bifurcations which are responsible for the appearance of crossing limit cycles are detected and open regions in the parameters space with none, one, two and three crossing limit cycles are found. / 2015/24803-0

Neste trabalho utilizamos técnicas de controle e sincronização de sistemas caóticos, visando o uso delas para comunicação com caos. Aplicamos tais técnicas no circuito elétrico de Matsumoto-Chua. Inicialmente, mostramos a sensibilidade dos atratores deste circuito quando variamos os seus parâmetros. Determinamos as suas bacias de atração. Através da análise biespectral, verificamos que o acoplamento quadrático é alto para o atrator tipo Rössler, e quase nulo para o atrator Espiral-Dupla. Para a caracterização global do circuito, apresentamos diagramas, no espaço de parâmetros, com os valores dos expoentes de Lyapunov ou autocorrelação. A seguir estudamos esse circuito com uma perturbação senoidal. Com isto, identificamos novos cenários para a transição para o caos a partir da quase periodicidade. Duas destas transições foram identificados pela primeira vez nesse circuito. Aplicamos ao circuito cinco métodos de controle de caos: supressão de caos por sincronização de freqüências, controle de órbitas periódicas instáveis pelos métodos OGY e de realitnentação , estabilização no ponto ele equilíbrio (método de Hwang), migração e arraste (método OPCL). Finalmente, consideramos dois circuitos de Matsumo-Chua acoplados e determinamos as suas bacias de sincronização. Mostramos que a sincronização dos circuitos acoplados pode não depender das condições iniciais (fronteira das bacias contínua) ou ser extremamente sensível às condições iniciais (fronteira elas bacias elo tipo crivada ou intercrivada). / In this work we use control and synchronization of chaos techniques aiming their implementation in communicating with chaos. These techniques are applied into the electric circuit of Matsumoto-Chua. Initialty, we show the sensibility of the attractors under parameter variations. We determine the attractor basin of attractions. Through the bi-spectral analysis, we verify that the quadratic coupling is high for the Rössler-type attractor, and almost null for the Double-Scroll attractor. For the global charactcrization of this system, we show parameter diagrams of the Lyapunov exponents or auto-correlation. We also study this circuit under a sinusoidal perturbation. In this configuration, we identify new scenario for the transition to chaos through quasi-periodicity. Two of these transitions are identified by us for the first time in this perturbed circuit. We apply five control of chaos techniques: chaos suppression by frequency synchronization, control of unstable periodic orbits by the OGY and feed-back methods, stabilization of the equilibrium points (Hwang method), migration and entrainment (OPCL method). Finally, we consider two acoupled Matsumoto-Chua\'s circuits and determine their synchronization basins. We show that the synchronization in these coupled circuits may not depend on the initial conditions (continuous synchronization basin boundary) or may depend extremely on the initial conditions (riddled or intermingled synchronization basin boundaries).