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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Developing biofertilisers in Grenada from the residues of an anaerobic digestion plant using Sargassum seaweed : Evaluating how problematic Sargassum algae can be turned in to a resource in Caribbean states / Framställning av gödselmedel genom anaerobisk nedbrytning av Sargassotång i Grenada : Utvärdering av hur problematisk Sargassotång kan omvandlas till en resurs i Karibien

Elfving, Danielle Crowter, Stahre, Emma January 2022 (has links)
The West Indies have during recent years been experiencing large quantities of washed up Sargassum seaweed on beaches and coastlines causing many issues for local communities such as unpleasant odours, making beaches inaccessible and largely affecting tourism and fisheries. The issue has caused money loss for the communities both in cleaning costs and decreasing incomes from tourism and fishing. In an attempt to turn this destructive debris into a useful resource, this study aimed to determine the potential for Sargassum that has been anaerobically digested to be used as a liquid fertiliser on Grenada. Sargassum seaweed was collected from the Atlantic coast of Grenada and transported and fed to a biogas plant where the algae was anaerobically digested. The residues were collected and fed to Pak Choi crops in a cultivation experiment where the fertiliser was compared with other treatment methods in order to determine its efficiency as a fertiliser. Interviews of farmers on Grenada were also conducted during the project to examine the potential and usefulness of the biofertiliser on the local Grenada farms. It was found that the digestate product from the anaerobic digestion showed good potential as a biofertiliser, producing larger and healthier crops than the other methods of treatments, among them artificial fertiliser. A potential market for the product was also identified as all the interview subjects reported that artificial fertilisers can be hard or impossible to find on Grenada sometimes of the year, due to the island's high reliance on shipping containers for import, leading to a demand of alternative fertilisers. / Under de senaste åren har algblomningarna ökat runt om i Västindien och numera är flertalet stränder  fyllda av Sargassotång. Ett av länderna som har påverkats negativt är Grenada. Stora mängder Sargassum når östkusten av Grenada under större delen av året till skillnad från tidigare år då algerna enbart sköljdes in under vissa perioder och i mindre kvantiteter. Algmassorna leder till lokal övergödning i de drabbade områdena, vilket i sin tur leder till minskad syrekoncentration i vattnet och en stor påverkan på djur och växter i ekosystemet. I Grenada påverkar makroalgerna även inkomstkällan för fiskare då de inte kan arbeta när det är som mest alger eftersom båtarna inte kan ta sig förbi massorna i vattnet. Även lokalbefolkning och turister påverkas då nedbrytningen av algerna skapar en motbjudande lukt vilket leder till att människor flyttar från dessa områden och att turistnäringen minskar. Grenada har ett behov av att minska mängden alger längs stränderna och samtidigt finns en möjlighet att ta tillvara en lokal bioresurs. En möjlighet är att använda algmassan till produktion av biogas och biogödningsmedel eftersom nedbrytning av makroalgeralger både kan producera metangas samt att  återstående restbiomassa innehåller de viktigaste näringsämnen som växter behöver för att växa. Därför  har algerna använts i ett försök på True Blue Bay Boutique Resorts anläggning på Grenada för att producera biogas och gödsel med hjälp av en mindre biogasanläggning. Anläggningen matas med biomassa och därefter har en gas och en restprodukt producerats. Restprodukten har därefter används som gödningsmedel i ett odlingsförsök med Pak Choi för att fastlägga dess kvalitet som växtnäring. Plantor gödslades med restprodukter från biogasanläggningen, både när anläggningen matats med grisgödsel och hushållskompost i början samt när födan successivt övergick till alger. Andra plantor fick konstgödsel eller färska alger. Utöver det fanns det en grupp med plantor vilka inte tog del av någon form av gödsel för att fungera som en kontrollgrupp. Vid slutet av odlingsförsöket skördades Pak Choi grödorna och produktivitet och kvalitet på grödorna bedömdes baserat på olika kriterier. Resultaten visade att de växter som blivit gödslade med resterna från biogasanläggningen var störst och av bäst kvalitet. Därutöver har en undersökning genomförts för att få en större förståelse för hur tillgången på alger ser ut och för att få en bild över hur lantbrukares behov av gödningsmedel ser ut på Grenada. Lantbrukare har tillfrågats om tillgång och efterfrågan på olika sorters gödsel, hur de använts och om de har några erfarenheter från Sargassotång. Deras åsikter har varierat, men en gemensam nämnare är att alla är intresserade av lokalproducerade gödningsmedel. Konstgödsel är kostsamt och det kan vara svårt eller omöjligt att få tag på under vissa delar av året, då landet förlitar sig på import. Genom detta har en potentiell marknad för gödselmedel producerat med alger fastställts.
2

Quality assessment of commercial biofertilisers and the awareness of smallholder farmers in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Raimi, Adekunle 10 1900 (has links)
This study aimed to evaluate commercial biofertiliser quality and awareness amongst smallholder farmers in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Sixty-seven smallholder farmers were interviewed in Gauteng Province by using a survey method, while the physicochemical and microbiological properties of 13 biofertilisers were evaluated using laboratory experiments. The results showed that awareness and use of biofertiliser are very poor, with 96% of the smallholder farmers surveyed not having biofertiliser knowledge. Furthermore, the products lack basic quality parameters: 54% contained no biofertiliser strain while all the products contained microbial contaminants. The pH, moisture content and viable microbial densities were below the acceptable standards for some of the products. Two fungal and 58 bacterial operational taxonomic units were obtained from the 16S rRNA Sanger sequences while 5 791 OTUs were obtained from the Illumina Miseq system. Approximately 40%, 41% and 59% of the isolates were positive for nitrogen-fixation, siderophore production and phosphorous solubilisation. Overall, there is a need to improve awareness amongst farmers and promote good-quality biofertiliser products for increased crop productivity. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
3

Avaliação de processo alternativo de biodigestão para tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domésticos / Evaluation of alternative process of biodigestion for treatment of solid organic domestic residues

Rech, Angela Laufer 15 December 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Laufer.pdf: 5766325 bytes, checksum: cb9afddf700c4821197d4533b65f3d8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-15 / The increase in the generation of urban solid residues and the inadequate forms of treatment/disposition contribute directly with the environmental problem. In face of this situation comes the need of alternative options for the treatment of these residues, which guarantee other benefits, besides the obtained with the adequate final disposition. One of these options for the treatment of the organic fraction contained in the urban solid residues is the anaerobic digestion, which represents an attractive technology for the treatment of these residues, propitiating the transformation of the organic residue in products of aggregate value. In this context, this study aimed at to evaluate an alternative process of biodigestion for the treatment of organic domestic solid residues of the urban area. For reaching such a goal, it was firstly accomplished an environmental diagnosis aiming at the generation potential identification of the domestic residues, and at the same time it was developed a prototype for the alternative process of biodigestion. It was made the process operational parameters evaluation aiming at the optimization, through the accomplishment of a complete factorial planning, investigating the agitation effect, innocuous and water level, in the process kinetics and in the material conditions digested by the alternative process of anaerobic biodigestion, more specifically in the chemical quality of the biofertiliser, and also as complementary thing it was esteemed the application of this product generated by the corn and the soya cultivation. The results of the environmental diagnosis allowed determining a correlation for the generation potential of domestic residues estimate, as well as for the standardization of the organic fraction used in the experiment, enabling the composition reproduction of the real load in each experimental rehearsal. The proposed system for the treatment of the organic domestic solid residues was configured as an innovative method, and the experimental rehearsals accomplished in the real operation conditions, showed the influence of the analyzed parameters. Finally, the biofertiliser application estimate demonstrated the best revenues due to the application doses recommended for the corn culture and of the soya manuring. / O aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e as formas inadequadas de tratamento/disposição contribuem de forma direta com a problemática ambiental. Perante este cenário surge à necessidade de opções alternativas para o tratamento destes resíduos, as quais garantam outros benefícios, além dos obtidos com a disposição final adequada. Uma destas opções para o tratamento da fração orgânica contida nos resíduos sólidos urbanos é a digestão anaeróbia, que representa uma tecnologia atraente para o tratamento destes resíduos, propiciando a transformação do resíduo orgânico em produtos de valor agregado. Neste contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar um processo alternativo de biodigestão para o tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domésticos da área urbana. Para atingir tal objetivo, primeiramente realizou-se um diagnóstico ambiental visando à identificação do potencial de geração dos resíduos domésticos, em paralelo desenvolveu-se um protótipo para o processo alternativo de biodigestão, efetuou-se a avaliação de parâmetros operacionais do processo visando à otimização, por meio da realização de um planejamento fatorial completo, investigando o efeito da agitação, inóculo e teor de água, na cinética do processo e nas condições do material digerido pelo processo alternativo de biodigestão anaeróbia, mais especificamente na qualidade química do biofertilizante, e ainda, de forma complementar estimou-se a aplicabilidade deste produto gerado para o cultivo do milho e da soja. Os resultados do diagnóstico ambiental permitiram determinar uma correlação para a estimativa do potencial de geração de resíduos domésticos, bem como, para a padronização da fração orgânica utilizada no experimento, possibilitando a reprodução da composição da carga real em cada ensaio experimental. O sistema proposto para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos domésticos configurou-se como um método inovador, e os ensaios experimentais realizados nas condições reais de operação, explicitaram a influência dos parâmetros analisados. Por fim, as estimativas de aplicabilidade do biofertilizante demonstraram os melhores rendimentos em função das doses de aplicação recomendadas para a adubação da cultura do milho e da soja.

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