Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 21, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-28).

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Geology, 2005. / "August, 2005." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 11/29/2005) Advisor, Annabelle Foss; Committee members, Teresa Cutright, Ira Sasowsky; Department Chair, John Szabo; Dean of the College, Charles B. Monroe; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Orientador: Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins / Banca: Ariela Veloso de Paula / Banca: Rubens Monti / Banca: Sandra Helena da Cruz / Banca: Roberta da Silva Bussamara Rodrigues / Resumo: Os fungos endofíticos são micro-organismos que vivem nos espaços intercelulares das plantas e são reconhecidos por seu potencial na produção de importantes produtos de interesse biotecnológico, tal como as enzimas. Estas vem sendo amplamente utilizadas nos setor industrial pois catalisam reações com maior especificidade que as formas convencionais de reações químicas, fazendo assim dos fungos endofíticos uma alternativa promissora na produção desses biocatalisadores. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo a prospecção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico como lipase, esterase, epóxido-hidrolase, nitrilase, acilase, protease e amidase em fungos endofíticos e a avaliação da sua aplicação biotecnológica, com enfoque na utilização do extrato bruto contendo lipase em processos de biorremediação e transesterificação. Setenta e cinco fungos endofíticos foram submetidos à prospecção de atividade biocatalítica, onde 66 apresentaram atividade lipases/ esterases, 16 epóxido hidrolase, 24 acilases, 50 proteases, 10 nitrilase e 64 amidase. Foram encontrados fungos com satisfatória atividade biocatalítica frente a diferentes metodologias e substratos, mostrando a grande versatilidade dos endófitos na produção de enzimas. O fungo Mycosphaerella coacervata foi selecionado para avaliação da atividade e caracterização parcial da lipase extracelular em extrato bruto. O micro-organismo apresentou produção máxima da enzima quando cultivado por 48 horas a 28oC (486 U/L), e se manteve estável até 6 meses estocada a - 2oC. O extrato bruto contendo a enzima apresentou atividade máxima a 37oC em pH 8,0. A estabilidade térmica foi observada na faixa de 30 a 60oC (atividade residual acima de 80%) e sua estabilidade ao pH entre 6,0 e 9,0.(atividade residual superior a 80%). A enzima se manteve estável (atividade residual acima de 90%) na presença de acetona, metanol... / Abstract: The endophytic fungi are microorganisms that live in the intercellular spaces of plants and are known for their potential for the production of important products of biotechnological interest, such as enzymes. These have been widely used in industry because they catalyze reactions with greater specificity than conventional forms of chemical reactions, thereby making the endophytic fungus a promising alternative to produce these biocatalysts. Thus, this study aimed to prospect for enzymes of biotechnological interest as lipase, esterase, epoxide hydrolase, nitrilase, acylase, amidase and protease in endophytic fungi and evaluate their biotechnological applications, focusing on the use of the crude extract containing lipase in the transesterification process and bioremediation. Seventy five endophytic fungi were submitted to prospecting biocatalytic activity, where 66 showed lipase / esterase activity, 16 epoxide hydrolase, 24 acylases, 50 proteases, 10 nitrilase and 64 amidase. Fungi with satisfactory biocatalytic activity against different methodologies and substrates were found, showing the versatility of endophytes in the production of enzymes. The fungi Mycosphaerella coacervata was selected to evaluate the activity and partial characterization of extracellular lipase crude extract. The microorganism showed maximum enzyme production when grown for 48 hours at 28°C (486 U / L), and remained stable up to 6 months stored at -2°C. The crude extract containing the enzyme showed maximum activity at 37°C at pH 8.0. The thermal stability was observed in the range of 30 to 60°C (residual activity above 80%) and its stability at the pH between 6.0 and 9.0 (residual activity exceeding 80%). The enzyme was stable (residual activity above 90%) in the presence of acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and hexane at concentrations of 20 and 50%. Good stability was observed also in relation to different... / Doutor

Orientador: Lucia Maria Carareto Alves / Banca: Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos / Banca: Celso Antonio Jardim / Banca: Marita Vedovelli Cardozo / Banca: Everlon Cid Rigobelo / Resumo: Consórcios de bactérias se constituem em comunidades microbianas que podem possuir um conjunto de diferentes vias metabólicas que podem mediar a degradação das diferentes moléculas. Além disso, esses consórcios de micro- organismos podem fornecer enzimas com grande utilidade em processos biotecnológicos aplicados a indústria. Estas enzimas estão sendo amplamente aplicadas em diversos setores da indústria, devido às vantagens como especificidade das enzimas catalizadoras, o baixo custo e, a facilidade de sua produção em larga escala, não produzir efeitos tóxicos nem gerar resíduos tóxicos ao ambiente. Levando em consideração o potencial dos consórcios microbianos e as vantagens das enzimas microbianas em processos biotecnológicos, esse trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação de bactérias isoladas dos consórcios, em diversos processos biotecnológicos e agroindústriais. Foram utilizados dois consórcios para o isolamento dos micro-organismos provenientes de solo com alta taxa de degradação de biomassa. Os consórcios foram cultivados em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e carboximetilcelulose (CMC), assim como em outros resíduos da agroindustria como palha de milho, casca de amendoim, originando desta forma outras comunidades as quais foram utilizadas no isolamento de bactérias. Foram estudados dois isolados bacterianos produtores de exopolissacarídeos (EPS), a caracterização destes EPS e aplicação deles em biorremediação ou como agente antibiofilme. Além de serem isoladas bactérias produt... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bacteria consortia have different microbial communities, which may possess a set of different metabolic pathways that can mediate the degradation of different molecules. In addition, these consortia of microorganisms can provide enzymes with great utility in biotechnological processes applied to industry. These enzymes are being widely applied in various industry sectors, due to the advantages such as the specificity of the catalytic enzymes, the low cost, the ease of its large scale production, and because they do not produce toxic effects nor generate toxic waste to the environment. Taking into account the potential of microbial consortia and the advantages of microbial enzymes in biotechnological processes this study aimed to apply bacteria isolated from the consortia in various biotechnological and agribusiness processes. Two consortia were used to isolate microorganisms isolated from soil with high rate of biomass degradation. The consortia were cultivated in sugarcane bagasse and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), as well as other agribusiness residues such as maize straw and peanut shells, thus originating other communities that were used for the isolation of bacteria. The characterization of two bacterial isolates producing exopolysaccharides (EPS), the characterization of these EPS and the application in bioremediation or as an anti biofilm agent were carried out. In addition to being isolated producing-proteases bacteria, it is an enzyme widely used in industry. A scree... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The mobility of trace metals and radionuclides released into aquatic and terrestrial environments by mining, industrial processes, and municipal waste disposal practices is an area that deserves significant scientific, public health, and regulatory attention. Indirect microbial interaction offers one potential mechanism for immobilizing these contaminants. For example, many metals, such as uranium and chromium, are less soluble once bound as iron oxide precipitates, thus inhibiting the spread of soluble heavy metals and radionuclides within groundwater and halting them from contaminating additional areas. Microbial iron oxidation is known to contribute to the immobilization of heavy metals and radionuclides in contaminated sites. A safe, cost-effective decontamination method for these materials is the association of radionuclides with iron oxides formed via microbial pathways, thus precipitating them out of solution and providing a promising technique for in situ bioremediation. Nitrate-dependent iron-oxidizing bacteria have been shown to play an important role in the retention of soluble uranium by forming iron oxides that absorb onto soluble U(VI) particles, rendering them immobile as U(VI)-iron oxides. Dechloromonas aromatica strain RCB is a β-proteobacterium that has been cultured and extensively studied in our laboratory and is capable of reducing perchlorate and anaerobically oxidizing benzene, humic acids, and ferrous iron. In addition, a newly-isolated β-proteobacterium, Diaphorobacter sp. strain TPSY, is of interest due to its ability to anaerobically oxidize humic acids, uranium, and ferrous iron. Thus, these two strains have enormous bioremediative potential and are prime candidates for in situ bioremediation. Microarray analysis was used to identify genes induced under iron-oxidizing conditions and RNA dot blotting was used to confirm mRNA expression in D. aromatica. As a follow-up, RNA arbitrarily primed (RAP)-PCR, a method used to randomly reverse-transcribe RNA into cDNA, was also used to identify expression that might not have been observed in the microarray. Genes that were identified from both microarray and RAP-PCR experiments include several hypothetical proteins, lipoproteins, and transmembrane proteins located in major operons, as well as genes annotated as signal transduction enzymes, c-type cytochromes, and proteins involved in chemotaxis, flagellar, and pilus development. Suicide vectors were used to create deletion mutations targeting the genes of interest. Additionally, transposon mutagenesis was used in Diaphorobacter sp. TPSY to identify any potential iron-oxidizing mutants. Out of seven TPSY mutants deficient in iron oxidation, four were identified as genes that encode an inner membrane protein, a signal transduction protein, a putative lipoprotein downstream of a cytochrome c, and a regulatory DNA-binding protein. Mutants were confirmed for their inability to oxidize iron by measuring Fe(II) concentrations over time with a ferrozine assay. The identification of genes involved in microbial anaerobic nitrate-dependent iron oxidation will prove to be a valuable asset when designing and assessing bioremediative strategies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849834_20170624.pdf: 1817877 bytes, checksum: 6529269723628cd64b4ebb458eb00ecc (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-06-30T13:45:02Z: 000849834_20170624.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-06-30T13:45:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849834.pdf: 4488346 bytes, checksum: 33829b4f27a436cb052b3a5f1ed811f3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-08-24T16:17:00Z: 000849834.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-08-24T16:17:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849834.pdf: 4488346 bytes, checksum: 33829b4f27a436cb052b3a5f1ed811f3 (MD5) / Os fungos endofíticos são micro-organismos que vivem nos espaços intercelulares das plantas e são reconhecidos por seu potencial na produção de importantes produtos de interesse biotecnológico, tal como as enzimas. Estas vem sendo amplamente utilizadas nos setor industrial pois catalisam reações com maior especificidade que as formas convencionais de reações químicas, fazendo assim dos fungos endofíticos uma alternativa promissora na produção desses biocatalisadores. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo a prospecção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico como lipase, esterase, epóxido-hidrolase, nitrilase, acilase, protease e amidase em fungos endofíticos e a avaliação da sua aplicação biotecnológica, com enfoque na utilização do extrato bruto contendo lipase em processos de biorremediação e transesterificação. Setenta e cinco fungos endofíticos foram submetidos à prospecção de atividade biocatalítica, onde 66 apresentaram atividade lipases/ esterases, 16 epóxido hidrolase, 24 acilases, 50 proteases, 10 nitrilase e 64 amidase. Foram encontrados fungos com satisfatória atividade biocatalítica frente a diferentes metodologias e substratos, mostrando a grande versatilidade dos endófitos na produção de enzimas. O fungo Mycosphaerella coacervata foi selecionado para avaliação da atividade e caracterização parcial da lipase extracelular em extrato bruto. O micro-organismo apresentou produção máxima da enzima quando cultivado por 48 horas a 28oC (486 U/L), e se manteve estável até 6 meses estocada a - 2oC. O extrato bruto contendo a enzima apresentou atividade máxima a 37oC em pH 8,0. A estabilidade térmica foi observada na faixa de 30 a 60oC (atividade residual acima de 80%) e sua estabilidade ao pH entre 6,0 e 9,0.(atividade residual superior a 80%). A enzima se manteve estável (atividade residual acima de 90%) na presença de acetona, metanol... / The endophytic fungi are microorganisms that live in the intercellular spaces of plants and are known for their potential for the production of important products of biotechnological interest, such as enzymes. These have been widely used in industry because they catalyze reactions with greater specificity than conventional forms of chemical reactions, thereby making the endophytic fungus a promising alternative to produce these biocatalysts. Thus, this study aimed to prospect for enzymes of biotechnological interest as lipase, esterase, epoxide hydrolase, nitrilase, acylase, amidase and protease in endophytic fungi and evaluate their biotechnological applications, focusing on the use of the crude extract containing lipase in the transesterification process and bioremediation. Seventy five endophytic fungi were submitted to prospecting biocatalytic activity, where 66 showed lipase / esterase activity, 16 epoxide hydrolase, 24 acylases, 50 proteases, 10 nitrilase and 64 amidase. Fungi with satisfactory biocatalytic activity against different methodologies and substrates were found, showing the versatility of endophytes in the production of enzymes. The fungi Mycosphaerella coacervata was selected to evaluate the activity and partial characterization of extracellular lipase crude extract. The microorganism showed maximum enzyme production when grown for 48 hours at 28°C (486 U / L), and remained stable up to 6 months stored at -2°C. The crude extract containing the enzyme showed maximum activity at 37°C at pH 8.0. The thermal stability was observed in the range of 30 to 60°C (residual activity above 80%) and its stability at the pH between 6.0 and 9.0 (residual activity exceeding 80%). The enzyme was stable (residual activity above 90%) in the presence of acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and hexane at concentrations of 20 and 50%. Good stability was observed also in relation to different...

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2007. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-02-18T17:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_maicon_silva.pdf: 2073944 bytes, checksum: af385f9e57b56b200b854bc3856fc5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-07-15T17:13:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_maicon_silva.pdf: 2073944 bytes, checksum: af385f9e57b56b200b854bc3856fc5a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-15T17:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_maicon_silva.pdf: 2073944 bytes, checksum: af385f9e57b56b200b854bc3856fc5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Áreas contaminadas com hidrocarbonetos tem sido um problema cada vez mais constante, uma vez que existe um grande crescimento na produção, distribuição e consumo de petróleo, principalmente nos últimos anos. Desta forma, é cada vez mais importante o conhecimento de técnicas que sejam eficientes na limpeza destas áreas. Com isso, o presente trabalho através da técnica de biorremediação buscou estabelecer qual o melhor tratamento para a remoção de contaminantes de um petróleo leve em solo arenoso. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos (I e II), em que no primeiro se estudou a eficiência de remoção dos contaminantes pela utilização de três tratamentos distintos de bioestimulação (adição de nutrientes (C), adição de biossurfactante (D), adição de nutriente mais biossurfactante (E)), os quais foram comparados a dois controles, um de solo (A) e outro de atenuação natural de petróleo (B). O outro experimento serviu para verificar a eficiência da esterilização no biossurfactante utilizado, sendo utilizados um controle de solo (F), um controle de atenuação natural de petróleo (G), um tratamento com biossurfactante/nutrientes (H) e outro com biossurfactante estéril/nutrientes (I). Ao final de seis meses de estudo verificou-se que os tratamentos C e E apresentaram as melhores taxas de remoção de óleos e graxas (OG), respectivamente, 90,4 e 78%, e os melhores índices de remoção de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos: 96,82 e 98,35% e de HPAs: 83,58 e 72,3% respectivamente. Já em relação ao experimento II, concluiu-se que não houve diferenças quanto ao uso do biossurfactante estéril ou não estéril, recomendando-se no entanto, a utilização do biossurfactante estéril uma vez que desta forma não há a introdução de microorganismos estranhos ao ambiente. / Sites contaminated with hydrocarbons have been a problem more and more constant, a time that exist a great growth in the production, distribution and consumption of oil, mainly in the last years. Of this way the knowledge of techniques efficient in the cleanness of these sites is more and more important. With this, the present work through the bioremediation technique searched to establish which the best treatment for the removal of contaminantes of light oil in sandy ground. For in such a way, two experiments had been carried through (I and II), where in the first one if it studied the efficiency of removal of the contaminantes for the use of three distinct treatments of biostimulation (addition of nutrients (C), biosurfactant addition (D), addition of biosurfactant and nutrient (E)), which the two controls had been compared, one of soil (a) and another one of natural attenuation of oil (B). The other experiment served to verify the efficiency of the used biosurfactant, being used a control of soil (F), a control of natural attenuation of oil (G), a treatment with biosurfactant/nutrients (H) and another with biosurfactant sterile/nutrients (I). To the end of six months of study it can be verified that treatments C and E had presented the best ones resulted for OG, with rates of removal of 90,4 and 78% respectively. How much the Aliphatics and HPAs these had also been the best treatments with rates of removal of 96,82 and 98,35% for aliphatics and 83,58 and 72.3% for HPAs respectively. Already in relation to experiment II, it can be concluded that it doesn’t have differences how much to the use of the sterile or not sterile biosurfactant, however sends regards use to it of the biosurfactant sterile a time that of this form doesn’t have the introduction of strange microorganisms to the environment.

Orientador: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:29:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quiterio_GabrielaMercuri_M.pdf: 1014258 bytes, checksum: aaea8be7c39583ac82a017c5ce951044 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O aumento da população acompanhado da atividade industrial fizeram com que o problema da poluição do ambiente atingisse níveis alarmantes. Além da contaminação por detritos pouco biodegradáveis, como plásticos e detergentes, soma-se o problema dos resíduos industriais e, principalmente, dos resíduos agroindustriais, como a vinhaça, resultante da produção do etanol. Quando depositada no solo, a vinhaça pode promover melhoria em sua fertilidade; todavia, as quantidades não devem ultrapassar sua capacidade de retenção de íons, isto é, as dosagens devem ser mensuradas de acordo com as características de cada solo, uma vez que este possui quantidades desbalanceadas de elementos minerais e orgânicos, podendo ocorrer lixiviação dos mesmos. Diante dos impactos que o excesso de vinhaça utilizada nos processos de fertirrigação podem provocar no solo e corpos hídricos são crescentes a preocupação com a destinação e tratamento deste efluente. Objetivando reduzir os impactos da vinhaça no solo quando descartada em excesso, este trabalho verificou a capacidade do biofertilizante Microgeo em estimular a biodegradação do efluente no solo. Os experimentos para avaliar a biodegradação foram realizados pelo método respirométrico de Bartha por períodos de 27 dias em solo denominado natura e por 90 dias em solo seco em estufa a 106ºC, com aplicação de 3 concentrações do biofertilizante (1, 5 e 10% p/v). Os solos coletados em área de cultivo de cana de açúcar foram caraterizados quanto a: análises físico químicas, granulométricas, microbiológica e de toxicidade. Após o processo de biodegradação avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade com sementes de Lactuca sativa, de toxicidade aguda com Daphnia similis, quantificação de bactérias de fungos e determinação da atividade microbiana do solo através da hidrólise de Diacetato de Fluoresceína. Realizou-se ainda teste de lixiviação de íons e de fitotoxicidade com Phaseolus vulgaris no solo acrescido de vinhaça e biofertilizante. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a adição do biofertilizante Microgeo nas concentrações de 5 e 10% favoreceram a atividade microbiana no solo e sua consequente biodegradação. A vinhaça inibe a germinação de Lactuca sativa e após a sua biodegradação ocorre diminuição da toxicidade e melhoria das condições microbiológicas do solo, mostrando ser o biofertilizante potencializador da biorremediação deste efluente, pois a sua composição, pode suprir a carência de nutrientes / Abstract: The increase in population accompanied industrial activity caused the problem of environmental pollution reached alarming levels. In addition to contamination by poorly biodegradable waste such as plastics and detergents, adds industrial waste, and especially the agro-industrial residues such as stillage, resulting in the production of ethanol. When deposited in the soil, vinasse can promote improvement in fertility, yet the amounts should not exceed its capacity to retain ions, i.e., dosages should be measured in accordance with the characteristics of each soil since it has Unbalanced quantities of mineral and organic elements and may leaching thereof. Given the impact that excess vinasse used in fertigation processes can cause soil and water bodies is increasing concern about the disposal and treatment of wastewater. Aiming to reduce the impacts of vinasse when discarded in soil in excess, this study examined the ability of biofertilizer Microgeo to stimulate biodegradation of the effluent into the soil. The experiments to evaluate the biodegradation were performed by the respirometric method Bartha for periods of 27 days in soil called natura and for 90 days in soil dried at 106 º C, with application of three concentrations of biofertilizer (1, 5 and 10% w / v). Soils collected in area of cultivation of sugarcane were characterized as: physico chemical, textural, microbiological and toxicity. After the biodegradation process phytotoxicity was assessed with Lactuca sativa seeds, acute toxicity to Daphnia similis, and quantification of bacteria and fungi determination of soil microbial activity by hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. We carried out further leachate test ions and phytotoxicity with Phaseolus vulgaris in soil and fertilizer plus stillage. According to the results obtained it was found that the addition of biofertilizer Microgeo at concentrations of 5 and 10% favored soil microbial activity and its subsequent biodegradation. The stillage inhibits the germination of Lactuca sativa and after biodegradation occurs reducing toxicity and improving the microbiological condition of the soil, showing that the biofertilizer this effluent bioremediation enhancer because its composition, can supply the lack of nutrients / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia