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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Efeitos da exposição concomitante a 100 ppm de ácido fluorsilícico e 30 ppm de chumbo nas concentrações de flúor e chumbo no osso, dentina, esmalte e sangue de ratos de 81 dias expostos desde o período pré-natal / Effects of the concomitant exposure to fluosilicic acid and lead in the bone, dentine, enamel and blood lead and fluoride concentrations of 81-days-old rats exposed to lead and fluoride since gestational age

Rosângela Morais Marques Sawan 21 September 2009 (has links)
A exposição a baixos níveis de chumbo é associada a desordens cognitivas e neurológicas em crianças. Foi descrito um aumento dos níveis de chumbo no sangue de crianças que vivem em comunidades que recebem água fluoretada. Este estudo testou se flúor a 100 ppm na forma de ácido fluorsilícico na água induziria aumento na concentração de chumbo no sangue e tecidos calcificados de ratos Wistar expostos a baixos níveis de chumbo desde a idade gestacional. Ratas foram separadas em quatro grupos: controle e grupos que receberam água que continham 100 mg/L de fluoreto (F), 30 mg/L de chumbo (Pb), ou 100 mg/L de F e 30 mg/L de Pb (F+Pb), desde uma semana antes do acasalamento até que os filhotes completassem 81 dias. Todos os animais foram pesados ao longo do experimento. Sangue e tecidos calcificados foram coletados com 81 dias para análise de chumbo, flúor e fósforo em esmalte, dentina, osso total, osso superficial e sangue. Chumbo foi determinado por ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). Flúor foi medido através de elétrodo íon-específico e fósforo foi determinado por reação colorimétrica. As concentrações de chumbo triplicaram no grupo F+Pb (76.7±11.0 µg/dL) em comparação ao grupo Pb (22.6±8.5 µg/dL)(p <0.001), com a mesma tendência observada em todos os tecidos calcificados analisados (p <0.001 para todas as comparações). No esmalte, as concentrações de chumbo analisadas foram 2.5 vezes mais altas no grupo F+Pb em comparação ao grupo Pb (4,369±1,353 µg/g versus 1,768±1,892 µg/g). Na dentina, a concentração de chumbo encontrada no grupo F+Pb era 8.5±2.0 µg/g versus 4.9±1.7 µg/g no grupo Pb. Na superfície óssea, a concentração de chumbo encontrada no grupo F+Pb era 3.1 vezes maior do que as determinadas no grupo Pb, com 28.0±10.6 e 9.0±3.7 µg/g nos grupos F+Pb e Pb, respectivamente. No osso total, os valores de chumbo dobraram no grupo F+Pb (14.2±2.6 µg/g) em comparação com o grupo Pb (6.8±1.7 µg/g). Os valores de chumbo estavam abaixo do limite de detecção na maioria das amostras dos grupos Controle e F. As concentrações de flúor aumentaram em ambos os grupos expostos a flúor (F e F+Pb), com diferenças estatisticamente significantes dos grupos controle e Pb, mas nenhuma diferença foi encontrada nas concentrações de F entre os grupos F e F+Pb em quaisquer dos tecidos calcificados testados. Em conclusão, este estudo mostra um aumento nas concentrações de chumbo no sangue total, esmalte, dentina, superfície óssea e osso total em ratas com 81 dias expostas ao flúor e chumbo desde o período pré-natal. / Low-level lead exposure is linked to cognitive and neurological disorders in children. An increased risk for higher blood lead levels was described for children living in communities that receive fluoridated-water. This study tested whether water fluoride would induce increases in the blood and calcified tissue lead concentrations in Wistar rats exposed to low lead levels since gestational age. Female rats were allocated in four groups: control, and 3 groups that received water containing 100 mg/L of fluoride (F), 30 mg/L of lead (Pb), or 100 mg/L of F and 30 mg/L of Pb (F+Pb). Females mated and delivered their pups receiving the same water treatment. Female pups were maintained on the same water regimen until day 81. Lead was determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), and fluoride was measured by ion-specific electrode in the whole blood, superficial enamel, dentine, surface bane, and whole bane. Mean whole blood lead concentrations triplicated in the F+Pb group (76.7±11.0 µg/dL) in comparison to the Pb group (22.6±8.5 µg/dL)(p < 0.001), with the same trend observed in all calcified tissues analyzed (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). In the enamel, mean lead concentrations were 2.5 times higher in the F+Pb group compared with the Pb group (4,369±1,353 µg/g versus 1,768±892 µg/g). In dentine, mean lead concentration found in F+Pb group was 8.5 ±2.0 µg/g versus 4.9±1.7 µg/g in the Pb group. In the bane surface, the mean lead concentration found in the F+Pb group was 3.1 times that determined in the Pb animals, with 28.0±10.6 and 9.0±3.7 µg/g in the F+Pb and Pb groups, respectively. In whole bane, mean lead values doubled in the F+Pb group (14.2±2.6 µg/g) in comparison with the Pb group (6.8±1.7 µg/g). Lead values were below detection limit in most Control and F group samples. Fluoride concentrations were increased in both groups exposed to fluoride (F and F+Pb), with statistically significant differences from the control and Pb groups, but no differences in the F concentrations were found between the F and F+Pb group in any of the calcified tissues tested. In conclusion, this study shows a fluoride-induced increase in the concentrations of lead of whole blood, enamel, dentine, surface bane and whole bane of 81-day female rats exposed to lead since gestational age, suggesting that a biological effect not recognized so far may underlie the epidemiological association between increased blood lead levels in children living in water-fluoridated communities.
22

Sources and Pathways of Lead Contamination in Urban Community Gardens in Toledo, Ohio

Merkley, Brett J. 01 May 2019 (has links)
No description available.
23

Managing Soils For Environmental Science And Public Health Applications

Obrycki, John F. 21 December 2016 (has links)
No description available.

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