A medida da pressão arterial é um procedimento fundamental para o diagnóstico e controle da hipertensão arterial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar como é realizado o procedimento de medida indireta e registro da pressão arterial por profissionais de enfermagem. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, observacional, de delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 80 servidores lotados em cinco Unidades de Saúde do município de Londrina-Paraná, sendo 25 (31,3 %) enfermeiros, 24 (30%) técnicos de enfermagem e 31 (38,8 %) auxiliares de enfermagem. Para avaliar como os participantes realizam a medida indireta da pressão arterial, utilizamos como referência um instrumento formulado a partir das etapas para a medida da pressão descritas nas VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. O registro do procedimento foi avaliado a partir de instrumento construído com base nas recomendações para registros de enfermagem do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Também identificamos a qualidade dos dispositivos utilizados para a medida da pressão arterial. Os resultados mostraram altos índices de \"não realização\" (93,8% a 100%) das etapas referentes ao preparo do paciente para a medida da pressão. As etapas relacionadas diretamente à obtenção do valor pressórico apresentaram índices de 3,8% a 100% na categoria \"incorreta\", sendo os piores resultados relacionados a inflação e deflação da bolsa de borracha. As etapas: \"obter a circunferência braquial no ponto médio do braço\" e \"selecionar manguito de tamanho adequado à circunferência do braço\" não foram realizadas por 100% e 96,3% dos participantes, respectivamente. Na sua totalidade, os profissionais se limitaram a registrar o valor da pressão arterial e, na maioria das anotações, não houve identificação do participante pelo registro profissional (96, 3%) ou pela assinatura (93,8%) e não há referência ao horário da anotação (70,9%). Em relação aos equipamentos, a calibração não é aferida na rotina dos serviços e não há disponibilidade de manguitos de tamanhos variados. Esses achados permitem concluir que há importantes lacunas relacionadas à prática adotada pela equipe de enfermagem para a medida da pressão arterial, indicando a necessidade de implementação de medidas educativas / Blood pressure measurement is an essential procedure to the diagnosis and control of hypertension. The aim of this study was to identify how the indirect measurement and recording of blood pressure was performed by members of the nursing profession. This is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 80 professional workers from five different Health Centers in the municipality of Londrina, Paraná. Among these professional workers, twenty-five (31,1%) were nurses, 24 (30%) were nurse technicians and 31 (38,8%) were auxiliary nurses. In order to assess the way the participants performed the indirect measurement of blood pressure, a tool which is based on the steps proposed by the 6th Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension for BP readings was used. In order to assess the recordings made by the workers, it was used a tool which is based on the recommendations put forward by the São Paulo Regional Board of Nursing for recordings in this field. The quality of the devices used for BP measurement was also inspected. The results of this study have showed that a large number of participants (93,8% to 100%) failed to follow the steps concerning the preparation of the patient for the reading. For the steps that were directly related to the measurement of the blood pressure itself, the percentages obtained for the \"incorrect\" category ranged from 3,8% to 100%. The worst results achieved in this case were those related to the inflation and deflation of the rubber bladder. Around 100% of the participants did not contemplate the step \"Obtaining the upper arm circumference at a middle point\" and 96,3% of them did not follow the step \"Choosing the appropriate cuff size for the upper arm circumference\". Most workers only recorded the blood pressure readings, therefore leaving out their professional registers (96,3), their signatures (93,8%) and the time the reading was done (70,9%). The calibration of the devices used in this procedure is not done on regular basis and there is only one size of cuff available. The findings of this study show that there are several important gaps that need to be filled in regard to the procedure adopted by the nursing staff when measuring blood pressure. They also indicate the need to implement professional training

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Includes bibliographical references and index. / by Richard J. Tello. / B.S.

Finally, the effects of external physical factors, such as temperature and contact force, on BP estimation based on m-NHA, were discussed and verified by experiments. Especially, a computational efficient algorithm was developed based on an optical model for motion resistant BP estimation, as well as the estimation of blood oxygen saturation (SaO2). We first developed an optical model with motion effect based on the photon-diffusion analysis, instead of the Beer-Lambert's law, which generally describes the light absorption but fails to account for light scattering in tissue. Based on the optical model, a novel motion resistant algorithm, minimum correlation discreet saturation transform (MCDST), was proposed for the estimation of arterial BP and SaO 2 as well. The novel algorithm is based on the time and time-delayed independence of the "true" signal and motion noise by use of dual PPGs (pulse oximeter). Experimental results indicate that MCDST has a comparable performance in SaO2 estimation and m-NHA calculation, as compared to another clinically verified motion-resistant algorithm---discreet saturation transform (DST). Most importantly, MCDST is much more computationally efficient than DST, because the former only uses simple linear algebra, while the latter uses the adaptive filter. It indicates that MCDST can reduce the required power consumption and circuit complexity of the implementation. It is vitally important for wearable devices, where the small physical size and long battery life are crucial. / First of all, a modified left-ventricle (LV) arterial coupling model was developed by incorporating a nonlinear pressure dependent compliance and two resistances for valve stenosis. A modified LV-arterial coupling model with pressure dependent compliance and taking into account the hypertensives with valve stenosis is quite necessary for proper description of the BP regulation for hypertensives with mitral and/or aortic stenosis, as well as normal people. / Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. As hypertension is often asymptomatic, continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) for the initiate treatment before the onset of organ damage is of vital importance for home healthcare. However, most of current BP meters, such as sphygmomanometer, are not suitable for the targeted applications because they provide only intermittent blood pressure readings and may cause circulatory interference with the usage of cuff. Moreover, they are not applicable in mobile environment due to the bulky design and the lack of efficient motion resistant algorithms. The objective of this research is to propose a motion resistant method for noninvasive and continuous BP measurement using dual photoplethysmograms (PPG), which could be potentially embedded in the portable or wearable devices for long term BP monitoring. / In summary, the research in this thesis not only covers the fundamental work, such as the modification of heart-arterial system coupling model and the proposal of a novel signal processing method MCDST, but also includes the practical techniques for the estimation of arterial BP as well as oxygen saturation. Expectations for further studies are suggested at the end of this thesis. / Secondly, based on the modified model, a novel parameter, normalized harmonic area (NHA), was proposed for BP estimation by quantifying the frequency distribution in the simulated aortic pressure waveforms. The excellent relationship between NHA and BP was verified by the simulation results. To establish a measurable parameter corresponding to NHA, PPG is investigated because it is widely used for the peripheral circulation monitoring and can be easily obtained at any location on the skin surface. Based on the assumption of quadratic transfer function from aortic pressure to PPG at fingertip, the discreet period transform (DPT) was applied on PPG signal to produce a modified NHA (m-NHA) for BP estimation. For the clinical tests on 85 subjects, the difference between the estimated and the measured blood pressure by m-NHA is 0.97+/-7.9mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 0.40+/-4.5mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. This result is as good as that (0.73+/-7.6mmHg for SBP, and 0.40+/-4.5mmHg for DBP) from the widely reported pulse transit time (PTT) approach. / Yan Yongsheng. / "November 2005." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6561. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

O diagnóstico, controle e prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares, dentre elas a Hipertensão Arterial, dependem obrigatoriamente da obtenção de valores de pressão arterial precisos. Para isso, é fundamental que a medida da pressão arterial seja realizada de maneira correta, padronizada e com aparelhos calibrados, para subsidiar condutas multidisciplinares assertivas e garantir a segurança do paciente. A literatura traz evidências de que o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde está aquém das recomendações de diretrizes, e a prática nem sempre cumpre todas as etapas da técnica. Estudos sugerem que esse problema pode estar relacionado à formação profissional, com evidências de falhas no conhecimento teórico e prático entre estudantes da área da saúde. Por outro lado, exige-se do profissional, principalmente em Terapia Intensiva, conhecimentos e habilidades complexas, que incluem manuseio de equipamentos, materiais e medicamentos de alto custo, o que por vezes, se traduz em sobrecarga de trabalho, e execução de rotinas de forma automatizada. Partindo da hipótese de que uma intervenção educativa pode melhorar o conhecimento, e assim, favorecer a prática isenta de erros, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre o conhecimento teórico e prático de profissionais de enfermagem (n=31) de Unidade Coronariana, relativos à medida indireta da pressão arterial, num hospital-escola no interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo quasi- experimental, do tipo antes e depois, para determinar o conhecimento prático, utilizou- se check list validado, que avaliou a execução da técnica em simulação clínica. Para o conhecimento teórico, optou-se por elaborar e validar um questionário para a população de profissionais de enfermagem de Unidade Coronariana, por meio de um estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo, semântica e pré-teste, pelo método DISABIKIDS®. A etapa de validação produziu um questionário de conhecimento teórico da medida indireta da PA, com 28 questões, sendo 8 de caracterização sociodemográfica, e 20 relativas às etapas da medida indireta da PA, baseadas nas principais diretrizes disponíveis. Em seguida, implementou-se a intervenção educativa, com estratégias expositivo-dialogadas, baseadas na Teoria do Arco de Maguerez, com a observação da realidade na prática simulada. Os resultados evidenciaram melhora estatisticamente significante no conhecimento teórico e prático após a intervenção, nas etapas de Preparo do cliente, Preparo do ambiente, Posição do cliente, Cuidados com os aparelhos, e Obtenção e Registro dos valores (p<0.05). Resultados indicaram que algumas etapas da medida indireta da pressão arterial são mais valorizadas na prática, em detrimento do respectivo conhecimento teórico. Por outro lado, há etapas cujo conhecimento teórico é satisfatório, porém a prática foi discrepante. O questionário validado nesse estudo representa um instrumento viável para estudos que visem determinar conhecimento teórico da medida indireta da pressão arterial em profissionais de saúde, em todos os níveis de atenção. A melhoria do conhecimento foi efetiva na teoria e na pratica simulada. Etapas voltadas à Posição do Cliente parecem estar sendo executadas de forma automatizada, enquanto que etapas voltadas à Checagem da calibração, Medida da circunferência braquial, Anotação sem arredondamento de valores, podem estar sendo negligenciadas, até mesmo por sobrecarga de rotinas, e necessitam especial atenção nas intervenções educativas e supervisão diária. A utilização da simulação contribuiu fortemente para o cumprimento dos objetivos propostos, proporcionou ao participante a oportunidade de autoavaliação, de maneira espontânea, e foi o canal de discussões sobre problemas da prática da medida indireta da pressão arterial. Discutiu-se a importância da medida indireta da pressão arterial isenta de erros, a responsabilidade individual, que deve contemplar o conhecimento sobre prazos de calibração de aparelhos. Além disso, discutiu-se o papel da instituição na busca de rotinas padronizadas e políticas voltadas à gestão de equipamentos. Diante desses achados, entende-se que uma intervenção educativa sobre a medida indireta da pressão arterial, voltada aos profissionais da saúde, aplicada de maneira sistemática, com periodicidade alinhada às diretrizes, representa grande possibilidade de melhoria do conhecimento, fornece subsídios para melhoria da qualidade da assistência, para os clientes e seus familiares, merecedores de todos os esforços possíveis na busca e obtenção da assistência e promoção do cuidado seguro e isento de erros / The diagnostics, prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, among them arterial hypertension, depends wholesomely in obtaining precise blood pressure values. For this reason, it is paramount that blood pressure be measured correctly, in a standardized manner, and by using calibrated monitors and apparatuses to allow assertive multidisciplinary actions and guarantee patient safety. Medical literature brings evidence that health professional knowledge falls short of the necessary recommendations and directives, and procedures not always fulfill all technique requirements. Studies suggest that this problem might relate to professional qualification, attesting to some flaws in theoretical and practical understanding among health care students. On the other hand, it is demanded from the health professional, especially in Intensive Care Units, a complex understanding of abilities and knowledge, which include the handling of intricate machines, materials and high cost medication, frequently leading to work overload and the automated execution of work routines. Bearing in mind that an educational intervention might improve overall comprehension and understanding, thus, favoring error-free practices, this current study has evaluated the effects of an educational intervention on the theoretical and practical knowledge of nursing health professionals (n=31) in a Coronary Unit, concerning indirect blood pressure measurement in a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo. It is a quasi- experimental study, type before and after, to determine practical knowledge, a validated checklist was used to evaluate technique execution under clinical simulation. For theoretical knowledge, a questionnaire was elaborated and validated for our Coronary Unit health professionals thought content validation, methodological studies, semantics and pre-tests using DISABIKIDS(TM) method. Validation stage produced a 28-question questionnaire of theoretical knowledge for indirect blood pressure measurement comprising 8 questions on social-demographics and 20 on indirect blood pressure measurement sequence, based upon the main available directives. Following this stage, an educational intervention with dialogue-expository strategies was implemented based upon Maguerez Arch Theory by observing reality in our simulated practice. The results evidenced statistically significant improvement in practical and theoretical knowledge following intervention in these stages: Client preparation, Environment preparation, Client positioning, Monitors and apparatus upkeep, Value registration and acquisition (p<0.05). Results indicate that some stages of blood pressure measurement are overvalued in practice, in detriment of acquired theoretical instruction. On the other hand, there are stages whose theoretical knowledge is satisfactory, but their practice discrepant. The validated questionnaire in this study represents a viable instrument for studies aimed at determining theoretical knowledge in indirect blood pressure measurement by health care professionals encompassing all their levels of action. Knowledge improvement was effective both in theoretical and simulated practices. Stages related to Client positioning seem to have been carried out mechanically, while stages related to Calibration check, Brachial circumference measurement, Non-rounded-value annotations might have been neglected by routine work overload, and require special attention during educational interventions and daily supervision. The use of simulation has strongly contributed to the fulfillment of the proposed objectives, allowed the participants to spontaneously evaluate themselves and was a channel of discussion about practical problems in indirect blood pressure measurement. The importance of error-free indirect blood pressure measurement was discussed, along with the health professional responsibility which must also contemplate knowledge about apparatus calibration frequency. Furthermore, the role of the institution was discussed in the search for standardized policies concerning equipment management. In the light of such findings, it can be understood that an educational intervention about indirect blood pressure measurement aimed at health professionals, systematically applied, frequency-aligned with the ongoing directives represents great possible knowledge improvement, subsidizes improvement in quality assistance for clients and their families, the well-deserving recipients of all possible efforts for high quality assistance and error-free health care

Abstract not available

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

A medida da pressão arterial é um procedimento fundamental para o diagnóstico e controle da hipertensão arterial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar como é realizado o procedimento de medida indireta e registro da pressão arterial por profissionais de enfermagem. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, observacional, de delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 80 servidores lotados em cinco Unidades de Saúde do município de Londrina-Paraná, sendo 25 (31,3 %) enfermeiros, 24 (30%) técnicos de enfermagem e 31 (38,8 %) auxiliares de enfermagem. Para avaliar como os participantes realizam a medida indireta da pressão arterial, utilizamos como referência um instrumento formulado a partir das etapas para a medida da pressão descritas nas VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. O registro do procedimento foi avaliado a partir de instrumento construído com base nas recomendações para registros de enfermagem do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Também identificamos a qualidade dos dispositivos utilizados para a medida da pressão arterial. Os resultados mostraram altos índices de \"não realização\" (93,8% a 100%) das etapas referentes ao preparo do paciente para a medida da pressão. As etapas relacionadas diretamente à obtenção do valor pressórico apresentaram índices de 3,8% a 100% na categoria \"incorreta\", sendo os piores resultados relacionados a inflação e deflação da bolsa de borracha. As etapas: \"obter a circunferência braquial no ponto médio do braço\" e \"selecionar manguito de tamanho adequado à circunferência do braço\" não foram realizadas por 100% e 96,3% dos participantes, respectivamente. Na sua totalidade, os profissionais se limitaram a registrar o valor da pressão arterial e, na maioria das anotações, não houve identificação do participante pelo registro profissional (96, 3%) ou pela assinatura (93,8%) e não há referência ao horário da anotação (70,9%). Em relação aos equipamentos, a calibração não é aferida na rotina dos serviços e não há disponibilidade de manguitos de tamanhos variados. Esses achados permitem concluir que há importantes lacunas relacionadas à prática adotada pela equipe de enfermagem para a medida da pressão arterial, indicando a necessidade de implementação de medidas educativas / Blood pressure measurement is an essential procedure to the diagnosis and control of hypertension. The aim of this study was to identify how the indirect measurement and recording of blood pressure was performed by members of the nursing profession. This is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 80 professional workers from five different Health Centers in the municipality of Londrina, Paraná. Among these professional workers, twenty-five (31,1%) were nurses, 24 (30%) were nurse technicians and 31 (38,8%) were auxiliary nurses. In order to assess the way the participants performed the indirect measurement of blood pressure, a tool which is based on the steps proposed by the 6th Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension for BP readings was used. In order to assess the recordings made by the workers, it was used a tool which is based on the recommendations put forward by the São Paulo Regional Board of Nursing for recordings in this field. The quality of the devices used for BP measurement was also inspected. The results of this study have showed that a large number of participants (93,8% to 100%) failed to follow the steps concerning the preparation of the patient for the reading. For the steps that were directly related to the measurement of the blood pressure itself, the percentages obtained for the \"incorrect\" category ranged from 3,8% to 100%. The worst results achieved in this case were those related to the inflation and deflation of the rubber bladder. Around 100% of the participants did not contemplate the step \"Obtaining the upper arm circumference at a middle point\" and 96,3% of them did not follow the step \"Choosing the appropriate cuff size for the upper arm circumference\". Most workers only recorded the blood pressure readings, therefore leaving out their professional registers (96,3), their signatures (93,8%) and the time the reading was done (70,9%). The calibration of the devices used in this procedure is not done on regular basis and there is only one size of cuff available. The findings of this study show that there are several important gaps that need to be filled in regard to the procedure adopted by the nursing staff when measuring blood pressure. They also indicate the need to implement professional training

Analysis of care in patiens at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy I. Author: Stanislav Gregor1 Tutor: Josef Malý1 Consultant: Stanislav Havlíček2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové 2 Czech Chamber of Pharmacists, Prague Introduction: Arterial hypertension represents a serious health problem. Despite of the fact that great attention is paid to an early diagnosis and therapy of arterial hypertension, it remains compensated insufficiently in a number of patients. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to analyse the possibilities of pharmaceutical care provided to patients who are at risk of arterial hypertension. Methodology: Blood pressure was measured from the beginning of October till December 2012 in a public pharmacy in Moravská Třebová. The blood pressure was measured by a pharmacist by means of a validated and calibrated tonometer. Other data were collected from a directed interview with the pharmacy client. The data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel 2007 and processed by means of the frequency analysis. A retrospective analysis of drug problems was further performed in patients who have been using pharmacotherapy or food supplements. Results: The data were obtained from 196 pharmacy clients (31 % of men and...

Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy II. Author: Kateřina Panáčková Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Stanislav Havlíček2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové 2 Pharmacy Luna, Plzeň Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the most common illnesses in the Czech Republic. Not only this should be the reason for proper health education and early detection of clients endangered by this illness. Objectives: The objective of the thesis was to perform and evaluate consultancy activities in a pharmacy focusing on clients with a risk of arterial hypertension or with already diagnosed arterial hypertension. Methodology: Collection of data took place in a public pharmacy in Česká Lípa between 1 May 2013 and 27 June 2014. Measuring of blood pressure was a part of controlled interview with clients of the pharmacy. Following data was recorded into a form: social-demographic characteristics of the respondend, his/her attitude towards measuring blood pressure in the pharmacy, incidence of risk factors of arterial hypertension, respectively atherosclerosis and other illnesses in the anamnesis, medication including nutrition supplements, results of own measurings and proposed...