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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação do consumo alimentar no período reprodutivo e variação de peso no pós-parto / Assessment of dietary intake during the reporductive period and of body weight change following delivery

Maria Beatriz Trindade de Castro 07 May 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem como tema central o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar no período reprodutivo. A tese está dividida em três partes: i) revisão da literatura científica sobre os fatores de risco para o ganho de peso excessivo na gestação e para a sua retenção no pós-parto; ii) análise quantitativa e qualitativa do consumo alimentar (energia, nutrientes e alimentos) do período gestacional para o pós-parto; e iii) avaliação prospectiva da associação entre a dieta hiperproteica (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) e a variação de peso pós-gestacional. A revisão da literatura apontou como principais determinantes da variação de peso no pós-parto os seguintes fatores: ganho de peso gestacional, peso pré-gestacional, dieta, atividade física, lactação, idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade e raça. As partes ii e iii correspondem a dois artigos, sendo que a população do estudo empregada nas duas análises foi baseada em uma coorte de mulheres no pós-parto atendidas no Centro Municipal de Saúde (CMS) Marcolino Candau, localizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre as 709 mulheres convidadas para participar da pesquisa, 479 ingressaram na coorte. As mulheres foram recrutadas através dos serviços de pré-natal e na rotina pediátrica de imunização do BCG, oferecidos pelo CMS, e imediatamente após o parto, na maternidade central de referência. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio de 1999 e abril de 2001, sendo 15 meses de recrutamento e 9 meses de seguimento. As mulheres foram entrevistadas aos 15 dias, 2, 6 e 9 meses do pós-parto. Foram consideradas elegíveis para as duas analises as mulheres com idade entre 18 e 45 anos de idade, entrevistadas até 30 dias do pós-parto, sem doenças crônicas pré-existentes, com gravidez de 35 ou mais semanas gestacionais e sem gestação gemelar. O estudo sobre a composição da dieta do período gestacional para o pós-parto contou com 276 mulheres que responderam aos dois questionários de freqüência de consumo alimentar (QFCA) aplicados aos 15 dias e aos 6 meses do seguimento. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres consumiram dietas mais energéticas na gravidez e aquelas que mais restringiram o consumo de energia no pós-parto, apresentaram um incremento na densidade de proteínas da dieta. As análises das medidas repetidos do peso foram realizadas para avaliar o efeito da dieta hiperproteica (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) sobre a variação de peso no pós-parto, para as quais haviam dados de uma amostra de 430 mulheres. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres com dieta hiperproteica perderam mais peso do que as mulheres com dieta normo ou hipoproteica (< 1.2 g/kg) (226 g/mês versus 123 g/mês). As duas analises indicam que um pequeno incremento no consumo de proteínas promove maior perda de peso. Estudos longitudinais futuros devem incluir avaliação relativa a segurança das dietas hiperproteicas no pós-parto. / The central focus of the present study is the body weight change and food intake of women during the reproductive cycle. The study constitutes the final work in the authors Doctorate degree. It was divided in three parts: i) revision of the scientific literature regarding the main determinants in the development of maternal obesity; ii) longitudinal comparability of quantity and quality of the mothers diet (energy, nutrients and food intake) during pregnancy and postpartum; and iii) prospective evaluation of the effects of a high-protein (HP) diet (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) versus a low-protein (LP) diet (< 1.2 g/kg) on body weight loss (BWL) during postpartum. Study population was constituted of a cohort of postpartum women, who underwent four follow-up evaluations (at 0.5, 2, 6, and 9 months) following delivery. These data were obtained from May 1999 to April 2001 (15 months recruitment and 9 mo. of follow up) at a primary healthy service Marcolino Candau Municipal Health Center in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Participants were recruited: 1) during routine prenatal care at the Municipal Health Center; 2) at the time of routine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization of the newborn at the same health center; and 3) at the main maternity hospital in the study area, one to three days following delivery. Among 709 women that were invited to participate in the research, 479 accepted. Eligibility criteria for enrollment in the cohort were: age between 15 to 45 years, less than 30 days following the delivery on the date of the first interview (approximately at 0.5 mo), absence of chronic diseases, no history of actual twin birth, gestational age at delivery &#8805; 35 weeks, and household address within the area of the local health center. Women aged < 18 years (n = 47) were excluded from the analyses. All study protocols met the guidelines of the Research Ethics Committee, and were approved by the Center for Collective Health Studies of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (NESC/UFRJ). The first part of the study, namely the revision of scientific literature, indicated the main risk factors for body weight change during postpartum: gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy weight, diet, physical activity, breastfeeding, age, schooling, income, parity, and race. The second part of the study was aimed at accessing the dietary composition of women during pregnancy and postpartum., For that end, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which had been previously validated (Sichieri & Everhart, 1998) was applied during interview with the participants in their first visit to the health center (at the second or third trimester of pregnancy), and at six months following delivery. Two hundred and seventy-six women took part in both interview stages. Results showed that women in their gestational period have a higher intake of energy in their diet, and that women who restrained their energy intake the most presented a higher protein density in their diet during postpartum. Prospective analysis to evaluate the effects of a HP diet on BWL considered 430 participants at the first interview. Results showed that women with a HP diet lost more weight over time than women with a LP diet (226 g/month versus 123 g/month).
2

Avaliação do consumo alimentar no período reprodutivo e variação de peso no pós-parto / Assessment of dietary intake during the reporductive period and of body weight change following delivery

Maria Beatriz Trindade de Castro 07 May 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem como tema central o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar no período reprodutivo. A tese está dividida em três partes: i) revisão da literatura científica sobre os fatores de risco para o ganho de peso excessivo na gestação e para a sua retenção no pós-parto; ii) análise quantitativa e qualitativa do consumo alimentar (energia, nutrientes e alimentos) do período gestacional para o pós-parto; e iii) avaliação prospectiva da associação entre a dieta hiperproteica (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) e a variação de peso pós-gestacional. A revisão da literatura apontou como principais determinantes da variação de peso no pós-parto os seguintes fatores: ganho de peso gestacional, peso pré-gestacional, dieta, atividade física, lactação, idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade e raça. As partes ii e iii correspondem a dois artigos, sendo que a população do estudo empregada nas duas análises foi baseada em uma coorte de mulheres no pós-parto atendidas no Centro Municipal de Saúde (CMS) Marcolino Candau, localizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre as 709 mulheres convidadas para participar da pesquisa, 479 ingressaram na coorte. As mulheres foram recrutadas através dos serviços de pré-natal e na rotina pediátrica de imunização do BCG, oferecidos pelo CMS, e imediatamente após o parto, na maternidade central de referência. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio de 1999 e abril de 2001, sendo 15 meses de recrutamento e 9 meses de seguimento. As mulheres foram entrevistadas aos 15 dias, 2, 6 e 9 meses do pós-parto. Foram consideradas elegíveis para as duas analises as mulheres com idade entre 18 e 45 anos de idade, entrevistadas até 30 dias do pós-parto, sem doenças crônicas pré-existentes, com gravidez de 35 ou mais semanas gestacionais e sem gestação gemelar. O estudo sobre a composição da dieta do período gestacional para o pós-parto contou com 276 mulheres que responderam aos dois questionários de freqüência de consumo alimentar (QFCA) aplicados aos 15 dias e aos 6 meses do seguimento. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres consumiram dietas mais energéticas na gravidez e aquelas que mais restringiram o consumo de energia no pós-parto, apresentaram um incremento na densidade de proteínas da dieta. As análises das medidas repetidos do peso foram realizadas para avaliar o efeito da dieta hiperproteica (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) sobre a variação de peso no pós-parto, para as quais haviam dados de uma amostra de 430 mulheres. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres com dieta hiperproteica perderam mais peso do que as mulheres com dieta normo ou hipoproteica (< 1.2 g/kg) (226 g/mês versus 123 g/mês). As duas analises indicam que um pequeno incremento no consumo de proteínas promove maior perda de peso. Estudos longitudinais futuros devem incluir avaliação relativa a segurança das dietas hiperproteicas no pós-parto. / The central focus of the present study is the body weight change and food intake of women during the reproductive cycle. The study constitutes the final work in the authors Doctorate degree. It was divided in three parts: i) revision of the scientific literature regarding the main determinants in the development of maternal obesity; ii) longitudinal comparability of quantity and quality of the mothers diet (energy, nutrients and food intake) during pregnancy and postpartum; and iii) prospective evaluation of the effects of a high-protein (HP) diet (&#8805; 1.2 g/kg) versus a low-protein (LP) diet (< 1.2 g/kg) on body weight loss (BWL) during postpartum. Study population was constituted of a cohort of postpartum women, who underwent four follow-up evaluations (at 0.5, 2, 6, and 9 months) following delivery. These data were obtained from May 1999 to April 2001 (15 months recruitment and 9 mo. of follow up) at a primary healthy service Marcolino Candau Municipal Health Center in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Participants were recruited: 1) during routine prenatal care at the Municipal Health Center; 2) at the time of routine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization of the newborn at the same health center; and 3) at the main maternity hospital in the study area, one to three days following delivery. Among 709 women that were invited to participate in the research, 479 accepted. Eligibility criteria for enrollment in the cohort were: age between 15 to 45 years, less than 30 days following the delivery on the date of the first interview (approximately at 0.5 mo), absence of chronic diseases, no history of actual twin birth, gestational age at delivery &#8805; 35 weeks, and household address within the area of the local health center. Women aged < 18 years (n = 47) were excluded from the analyses. All study protocols met the guidelines of the Research Ethics Committee, and were approved by the Center for Collective Health Studies of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (NESC/UFRJ). The first part of the study, namely the revision of scientific literature, indicated the main risk factors for body weight change during postpartum: gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy weight, diet, physical activity, breastfeeding, age, schooling, income, parity, and race. The second part of the study was aimed at accessing the dietary composition of women during pregnancy and postpartum., For that end, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which had been previously validated (Sichieri & Everhart, 1998) was applied during interview with the participants in their first visit to the health center (at the second or third trimester of pregnancy), and at six months following delivery. Two hundred and seventy-six women took part in both interview stages. Results showed that women in their gestational period have a higher intake of energy in their diet, and that women who restrained their energy intake the most presented a higher protein density in their diet during postpartum. Prospective analysis to evaluate the effects of a HP diet on BWL considered 430 participants at the first interview. Results showed that women with a HP diet lost more weight over time than women with a LP diet (226 g/month versus 123 g/month).
3

Development and Use of a Physiologically Based Mathematical Model Describing the Relationships and Contributions of Macronutrients to Weight and Body Composition Changes

Sakita, Saori 08 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss has been a controversial issue for decades. During that time, a high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diet has been one of the more popular weight loss diets with the public. We hypothesized that a computer simulation model using STELLA software could help to better understanding the effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss. We calculated daily total oxidation instead of total energy expenditure as others have done based on the facts that carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation. In order to create a simple and accurate model comparing dietary macronutrient composition effects, we eliminated exercise as a factor and focused on a sedentary population. The model was validated by five sets of published human data. Following model validation, simulations were carried out to compare the traditional high-carbohydrate diet recommended by the American Dietetic Association and two well-known high-protein diets (Atkins and the Zone diet). The results of computer simulation suggested that the lean tissue retention effect of a high-protein diet, especially with a lower-fat diet, compared with a traditional high carbohydrate diet over 6 months.
4

Mudança do peso corporal de idosos no período de 2000 a 2010 Estudo SABE / Body weight change in the older adults from 2000 to 2010 SABE Study

Araujo, Tânia Aparecida de 22 March 2019 (has links)
Introdução: A verificação periódica do peso corporal (PC), e as mudanças ocorridas ao longo do tempo, embora pouco realizada, é essencial no cuidado em saúde de idosos. A promoção do PC estável dependerá, pois, do conhecimento de fatores que levam tanto ao ganho como a perda de PC na velhice. Objetivos: avaliar as trajetórias de mudança de PC e os fatores relacionados à diminuição ou aumento do PC em idosos, no período de seguimento de 10 anos. Métodos: Essa pesquisa é parte do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento), longitudinal de múltiplas coortes, com inclusão de dados da primeira onda iniciada em 2000 e reavaliada em 2006 e 2010: composta por uma amostra probabilística de indivíduos com idade >=60anos (n=571). Mudanças no índice de massa corporal (IMC) <-5% foram consideradas como diminuição no PC e >5% como aumento do PC. Realizou-se modelo de regressão logística múltipla e modelo de regressão linear de efeitos mistos para avaliar longitudinalmente os fatores associados à mudança de PC, e a relação da perda ou ganho com a mortalidade. Resultados: em média o IMC aumentou até os 65 anos e diminuiu após os 75 anos. Na segunda avaliação, em 2006, 34,00% dos participantes diminuíram o PC, e 18,22% aumentaram. Já em 2010 apenas 12,49% dos participantes diminuíram (PC) enquanto quase 40% ganharam. Ao longo dos dez anos, foram associados ao aumento do PC a idade (p<0,001), o consumo de álcool (p<0,05), ter duas ou mais doenças crônicas (p<0,001) e a inatividade física (p<0,001); a diminuição de PC associou-se ao tabagismo (p<0,05), sexo masculino (p<0,001) e relato de diminuição de ingestão no último mês (p<0,001); a mortalidade foi associada a diminuição de PC (p<0,001). Especificamente em 2006, o relato de perda, não intencional, de >3kg (RR: 3,67; p<0,001) foi um fator de risco para diminuição de PC. E em 2010 foram fatores de risco à diminuição de PC, duas ou mais doenças crônicas (RR: 2,28; p<0,05), internação (RR: 3,82; p<0,001), saúde auto avaliada como má (RR: 4,30; p<0,01), diabetes (RR: 1,94; p<0,05), dificuldade de fazer compras (RR: 3,09; p<0,001), relato de diminuição de ingestão ((RR: 3,66; p<0,05), relato de perda, >3kg (RR: 3,37; p<0,001) e dificuldade de mastigar comidas duras (RR: 2,09; p<0,05); o consumo de álcool (RR:0,42; p<0,05) foi um fator protetor à diminuição do PC; e o relato de perda de peso (>3kg) não intencional (RR:0,46; p<0,05) e a dificuldade de engolir bem (RR: 0,44; p<0,05) foram fatores de proteção para o ganho de PC ao longo dos anos avaliados. Conclusão: a diminuição de PC, associada à mortalidade, ocorreu principalmente em idosos mais longevos. Por outro lado, o ganho de PC aumentou entre os anos avaliados. Fatores clínicos, funcionais e de estilo de vida estiveram relacionados a mudança de peso corporal. O monitoramento e prevenção de mudanças do peso corporal de idosos deve fazer parte da rotina de cuidados em saúde. A investigação das consequências da obesidade no envelhecimento é um dos desafios de estudos adicionais. / Introduction. Checking body weight periodically as well as changes occurred through time, although not performed often enough, is essential to take care of the elderly health. The promotion of a stable body weight will depends on factors that leads to body weight increase and its decrease as well. Objectives: To evaluate body weight trajectories of change and the factors that lead to body weight increase or decrease in a ten years period. Methods: This research is part of the SABE (Health, Welfare, and Aging) study, which is longitudinal with several cohorts, and included data of the first wave that began in 2000 and was re-evaluated in 2006 and 2010: Composed of a probabilistic sample of individuals who were 60 years old or older. (n=571). Changes in body mass index: <5% was considered body weight decrease and >5% was considered body weight increase. A multiple logistic regression model and mixed effect linear regression model were used to evaluate longitudinally the factors related to body weight change and its relationship with mortality. Results: In average, the body mass index increased until 65 years and diminished after 75 years. In the second evaluation, in 2006, 34% of the participants diminished their body weight and 18% increased it. However, in 2010 just 12, 5% of the participants decreased their body weight while 40% increased it. In ten years, many factors were associated with the body mass increase, such as age (p<0,001), alcohol consumption (p<0,05), having two or more chronic diseases (p<0,001) and physical activity (p<0,001); body mass decrease was associated with cigarette smoking (p<0,05), male sex (p<0,001) and reporting reduced ingestion in the previous month (p<0,001); mortality was associated with body weight decrease (p<0,001). Specifically in 2006, reporting more than >3kg (RR: 3,67; p<0,001) loss was a risk factor for decreasing body weight. And in 2010 the risk factors for body weight loss were two or more chronic diseases (RR: 2,28; p<0,05), being admitted to the hospital (RR: 3,82; p<0,001), health status being self-evaluated as bad (RR: 4,30; p<0,01), diabetes (RR: 1,94; p<0,05), difficulties to go shopping (RR: 3,09; p<0,001), reporting ingestion decrease ((RR: 3,66; p<0,05), reporting losing more than >3kg (RR: 3,37; p<0,001) and difficulties to chew food (RR: 2,09; p<0,05); alcohol consumption (RR:0,42; p<0,05) was a protective factor to body weight loss; and reporting unintentional weight loss (>3kg) (RR:0,46; p<0,05) and difficulties to swallow (RR: 0,44; p<0,05) were protective factors for body weigh increase along the years which were evaluated. Conclusion: body weight loss, linked with higher morality, was associated with older elderly subjects. On the other hand, body weight gain increased in the period that was analyzed. Clinical factors and lifestyle were related to body weight change. Monitoring and preventing body weight changes among elderly patients should be part of routine health care. The investigation of obesity consequences in the aging process is one of the challenges of academic studies.

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