A dissertation presented to the graduate school of the University of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2009 / Submitted by Leonardo Martinez-Acchini (leonardo.acchini@unila.edu.br) on 2017-11-01T01:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 martineza_l.pdf: 1737664 bytes, checksum: a522807aa2f99a94e70dedfdaee49734 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-01T01:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martineza_l.pdf: 1737664 bytes, checksum: a522807aa2f99a94e70dedfdaee49734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This research is about cultural and linguistic change among western Bolivian highland and valley peasants who have been migrating to the country’s eastern lowlands in the recent years, a very widespread phenomenon in developing economies of the Andean neo-tropics today. In particular, I want to know how Quechua-speaking people from the highlands and valleys adapt to lowland culture; which ethnic traits and linguistic resources they keep, and which ones they abandon; and which strategies they utilize to ease the process of adaptation. The results indicate that highland migrants who settled in the lowland community of Cuatro Cañadas (department of Santa Cruz) speak less Quechua among themselves, and especially with their children, although they assign great importance to the maintenance of this language. Four specific cultural practices that were selected as indicators of Quechua mode of life were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there is a substantial reduction of these practices in the lowlands. Also, inter-ethnic marriage (highlanders seeking lowlanders), thought to be an important strategy of adaptation, was found to be a preference for a reduced proportion of both the single migrant population and the married population. Therefore, migrants in Cuatro Cañadas are reducing their traditional linguistic behavior and the practice of specific cultural traditions, but their alliance patterns are still somewhat conservative. In spite of this process of acculturation, the theoretical framework used in this research argues that highland migrants do not fully own Cuatro Cañadas: they are trapped between traditional, modern and globalizing codes, and just embrace the hybrid nature of their identities, which makes them speak and behave in certain ways depending on which ethnic identity they want to activate.

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the efficiency with which Bolivian farmers utilize productive resources as they combine them in crop production and to examine the possibility of interregional resource immobility in the production of agricultural products. Bolivia was divided into seven distinct production regions called departments. A linear program maximizing model was generated for the major crops produced in each department. Land, labor, irrigation, and capital were the input coefficients used in the models. They produced a net return to management, land, and fixed costs associated with land. The linear program using these coefficients generated the profit maximizing hectare combination for each crop by department. These were compared with those reported to have been grown in each department to make an efficiency judgement of production decisions made by Bolivian farmers. The same department linear programs generated value marginal products for resources in short supply in each model . These were compared interdepartmentally to determine any resource immobility that might be in existence. Analysis of the linear program maximizing output indicated that in all of the departments considered, with the exception of Santa Cruz, farmers appeared to be efficiently combining their resources in the production of crops considered in this study. It was also noted that a possible labor immobility existed between the Santa Cruz department and the other six considered.

Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009. / Thesis advisor: Antonio García-Lozada. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Spanish." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-118). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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A partir do exame de jornais publicados entre 1890 e 1909, o trabalho pretende discutir a Questão do Acre, isto é, o processo de anexação do território ao Brasil, tendo por foco o Bolivian Syndicate. O contrato de arrendamento dessas terras a grupo de investidores internacionais estimulou a produção de vários textos jornalísticos, cuja leitura permite esclarecer qual era a posição do governo federal acerca da região boliviana então ocupada por brasileiros, caracterizar a fronteira entre as duas nações e reconhecer as matrizes das versões que a historiografia acriana incorporou a propósito do tema. / From examination of newspapers published between 1890 and 1909, the work has use to a discussion about the Question of Acre, that is the process of annexation of the territory in the Brazil, having as theme the Bolivian Syndicate. The contract to lease of these lands at the international investor group stimulated the production of several journalistic texts, whose reading allows to specify what was the position of the federal Government on the Bolivian region, then occupied by Brazilians, characterizing the borders between the two Nations and recognize what versions the historiography of the Acre has taken on the theme.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magda Alves.pdf: 987000 bytes, checksum: 3bc89211059be6dd4a262e7dcdc7803e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / The Bolivian immigration to Brazil is a functionalist paradigm that takes place through the assumption that society has a concrete scenario of the Bolivian stereotype enslaved by the textile industry. What few studies bother worrying is that this Bolivian is not inserted in Brazil only as a single subject, but as an individual who brings along, in most cases, his or her family, and therefore begins to interact socially and culturally with all the Brazilian system. Within this scenario, this study aims to analyze the speech of Bolivian students from public schools in the east of São Paulo, understand their feelings and multiculturalism expressions for being in a land so distant from their own. It also aims to analyze the context in which these students are really inserted, observing the treatment dispensed by colleagues in the school context, like it is said by Gadotti (2000) and Freire (1997) the school is a way to demystify any existing prejudice in the community and insert the individual socially and culturally into the society, due to the fact that the school institution is the first place where the inclusion or exclusion can happen and prejudice takes place, but at the same time, it can be banished. With this study we concluded that, despite most of the interviewed students follow on their parents patterns as workers of the textile industry, some of them feel like Brazilians for having been lived most of their lives in the country, and don t feel big differences among their colleagues treatment, trying to insert themselves in the Brazilian context, in a certain way, denying their roots. While others, due to family conflicts and difficulties faced not only in their original country, but so as in their current country, have huge adaptation difficulties and problems to relate with the context, so they don t feel like Brazilian nor Bolivian. Despite these problems, teachers that were supposed to have a part as inclusive educators, end up not helping these students because of their own frustrations within the educational area. We have also observed that, when it comes to the city of São Paulo, all the interviewed students see the city as a well of opportunities in comparison with their country of origin, pointing out the leisure and the shopping activities the city offers, not so possible in Bolivia. / A imigração de Bolivianos para o Brasil é um paradigma funcionalista que se dá através da pressuposição de que a sociedade tem um cenário concreto do estereótipo Boliviano escravizado pela indústria têxtil. O que poucos estudos se preocuparam em abordar, é que esse boliviano não se introduz no Brasil apenas como sujeito único, mas como indivíduo que traz consigo na grande maioria das vezes sua família, e, portanto, começa a interagir social e culturalmente com todo o sistema brasileiro. Dentro deste cenário, este estudo buscou no discurso de alunos bolivianos de escolas públicas da zona leste de São Paulo, compreender seus sentimentos, e manifestações de multiculturalismo por estarem dentro de uma terra tão distante da sua. Buscou-se ainda, observar o contexto que, de fato, esses estudantes estavam inseridos, observando o tratamento dispensado pelos colegas no contexto escolar, uma vez que a escola, segundo Gadotti (2000) e Freire (1997) é um meio de desmistificar qualquer preconceito existente na comunidade e inserir o indivíduo à socialização e à cultura, visto que a instituição escolar é o primeiro espaço de inclusão ou exclusão, onde a disseminação do preconceito é produzida, mas que ao mesmo tempo, pode ser abolida. Concluiu-se, a partir desta pesquisa, que apesar da maioria dos entrevistados seguirem os padrões de pais e mães trabalhadores da indústria têxtil, alguns se sentem brasileiros por terem vivido a maior parte de suas vidas no país, e não sentem grandes diferenciações no tratamento de seus colegas, procurando incluir-se no contexto e de certa forma renegando suas raízes, enquanto que outros, devido aos conflitos familiares e dificuldades enfrentadas tanto em seu país de origem como em seu país atual possuem grande dificuldade de adaptação e relacionamentos não se sentindo brasileiros, nem bolivianos, não obstante, professores que deveriam ter como papel o de educador inclusivo, acabam por não auxiliar estes alunos devido as suas próprias frustrações com a área em que se encontram. Observou-se, também que, com relação à cidade de São Paulo, todos os alunos entrevistados veem a cidade como um poço de oportunidades em comparação com seu país de origem salientando a parte de lazer e compras, atividades não tão possíveis na Bolívia.

A partir do exame de jornais publicados entre 1890 e 1909, o trabalho pretende discutir a Questão do Acre, isto é, o processo de anexação do território ao Brasil, tendo por foco o Bolivian Syndicate. O contrato de arrendamento dessas terras a grupo de investidores internacionais estimulou a produção de vários textos jornalísticos, cuja leitura permite esclarecer qual era a posição do governo federal acerca da região boliviana então ocupada por brasileiros, caracterizar a fronteira entre as duas nações e reconhecer as matrizes das versões que a historiografia acriana incorporou a propósito do tema. / From examination of newspapers published between 1890 and 1909, the work has use to a discussion about the Question of Acre, that is the process of annexation of the territory in the Brazil, having as theme the Bolivian Syndicate. The contract to lease of these lands at the international investor group stimulated the production of several journalistic texts, whose reading allows to specify what was the position of the federal Government on the Bolivian region, then occupied by Brazilians, characterizing the borders between the two Nations and recognize what versions the historiography of the Acre has taken on the theme.

DISSERTATION ABSTRACT María Vania V. Díaz Romero Paz Title: La Revolución de 1952 en la Novela Boliviana Contemporánea Escrita por Mujeres This dissertation studies the different discourses of nation that underlie contemporary novels written by women authors in Bolivia during the period between 1977 and 2007. My primary corpus is comprised of three novels: Gaby Vallejo’s Hijo de opa (1977), Giancarla Zabalaga’s La Flor de "La Candelaria" (1990) and Verónica Ormachea’s Los ingenuos (2007). These novels allude to the Revolution of 1952 at its different stages, either explicitly or implicitly. Written during different time periods, these novels are a product of their respective historical periods and therefore reveal diverse ways of reading the nationalist discourse and the revolution. My objective is to analyze and discuss the concept of nation and how this concept varies among the different novels by focusing on the Revolution of 1952. The Revolution of 1952 is one of the most important moments in the history of Bolivia, when the conditions for socio-political change converge in order to make possible an “imagined community,” of proposing and implementing a nation-building project based on state capitalism. The mestizo is called upon to serve as a vanguard of this revolution. These novels explore how social, economic, and cultural contradictions make the construction of the nation difficult, and transmit a critique of this process of nation-building, and its nationalist discourse. The main purpose of my dissertation is to examine the recurrence of retellings of the revolution from a feminine perspective in which the domestic space is privileged and the house and family work as a metaphor of the country. The three novels I analyze prioritize female protagonists and the female perspective, embracing a feminist critique of the traditionally patriarchal representation of the revolution. Each of them makes the presence of women visible, prioritizes domestic space as a place of enunciation of national imaginaries and portrays the home as a metaphor for the nation. These authors develop their own political agenda in order to become effective political actors, challenge the patriarchal order and claim their space and their right to participate in nation building. This dissertation is written in Spanish.

A paisagem apresenta-se ao indivíduo pela sua dimensão material, que é a manifestação da vida humana na superfície terrestre. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como o cortiço no Brás e Belenzinho integra o conjunto da paisagem e quais são os fatores de sua permanência, no contexto da imigração boliviana, frente às renovações urbanas que vêm ocorrendo neste setor. Partindo de uma compreensão histórica dessa configuração, a pesquisa procura compreender a paisagem em suas diferentes escalas, do setor urbano ao cortiço. Optou-se pelo método qualitativo na coleta dos dados e na interpretação dos resultados. O método morfológico auxiliou na descrição da paisagem e o processo histórico contribuiu com a compreensão dos fatores econômicos e sociais que estruturaram este setor e a configuraram. A observação participante e a realização de entrevistas auxiliaram no estudo da paisagem a partir da memória de velhos moradores e do cortiço estudado. Como é mínimo o investimento em habitações populares para a população de baixa renda neste setor, o cortiço é a principal alternativa para morar próximo ao trabalho e em um setor que possui boa oferta de equipamentos urbanos. A pesquisa com os bolivianos costureiros permitiu averiguar a existência da relação entre a reprodução de cortiços e as oficinas de costura organizadas por eles. Esta pesquisa denominou tal categoria de cortiço, a partir da sobreposição de atividades domésticas e trabalho no mesmo espaço, como oficina-cortiço, que se apresenta no setor de estudo a partir da refuncionalização de edificações antigas às mais recentes. A permanência do cortiço na categoria oficina-cortiço deve-se à reestruturação produtiva da indústria de vestuários e à quarteirização do trabalho, onde as confecções contratam informalmente, os serviços de costura que são realizados por imigrantes bolivianos em locais insalubres. Moradia e trabalho unem-se no mesmo cômodo, pois esta forma gera menos custos para o dono da oficina, ao mesmo tempo em que permite aos imigrantes, que não desejam se enraizar, uma possibilidade maior de mobilidade / The landscape presents itself to the individual by its material dimension, which is the manifestation of human life on Earth\'s surface. This study aims to understand how a slum in Bras and Belenzinho area integrates all of the landscape and the factors of its permanence in the context of Bolivian immigration, according to the urban renovation which has been happening in this sector. From a historical understanding of this setting, the research seeks to understand the landscape in its different scales, from the urban sector to the slum. We chose the qualitative method in data collection and interpretation of results. The morphological method helped in the description of the landscape and historical process contributed to the understanding of economic and social factors that have shaped and structured this sector. Participant observation and interviews helped in the study of landscape according to the memory of old residents and the studied slum\'s area. As the investment in affordable housing, for low-income people, is low, slum is the main alternative to live close to work and in a sector that has a good supply of urban equipment. A survey with Bolivian tailors allowed verifying the existence of the relationship between the reproduction of slum and the sewing workshops organized by them. This research called this category of slum from the overlap of domestic activity and work in the same space as the \"sewing-slum, which appears in the sector studied since the old building operation until the most recent ones. The permanence of slum in the category named as \"workshop-slum\", is due to the restructuring process of the garments industry and the subcontracting work, which means that the clothing hires, informally, the sewing services that are performed by Bolivian immigrants in unsanitary places. Thus, dwelling and working are jointed in the same room as this form generates lower costs to the owner of the workshop sewing at the same time that allows immigrants, who do not wish to take roots, a greater possibility of mobility

In order to study the different social networks and institutions that shape the access to work and working conditions for the undocumented Bolivian migrant workers in Sweden, I have a conducted a qualitative research. This research specifically looks into how the Bolivian social networks in Stockholm are organized in terms of the access to labor market for undocumented immigrants from Bolivia. Another research dimension will be to explore the social relationships within these social networks and their internal hierarchy. The eight conducted interviews of undocumented, and previously undocumented, Bolivian migrant workers have determined the perception of the undocumented migrants’ life and working conditions. Through their testimonies I have grasped the information of what kind of social networks operate among the undocumented Bolivian labor migrants in Stockholm. With four interviews directed to four labor union representatives there has also been unraveled what the relationship are between the Bolivian social networks and the formal Swedish labor unions, and reversely. Actor network theory has been used as a perspective and a tool to examine the undocumented migrants’ perceptions of the main actors within these networks. The role of the social networks has, in terms of access to the labor market, a big influence on the undocumented Bolivian migrants and how they perceive and approach the Swedish labor unions.