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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studies on the activities of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts using novel in vitro models

MacDonald, Brian Richard January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
2

Contribution of high school sport participation to young adult bone strength

Ward, Ryan C. 01 May 2018 (has links)
Nearly 8 million American adolescents participate in sports. Many sports (e.g. basketball, volleyball) require powerful muscle movements. Normally, participation declines in young adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal effects of interscholastic high school sport participation and muscle power on young adult bone strength. 295 young adults from the Iowa Bone Development Study participated in this study. Participants were classified into sport participation groups based on an interscholastic sport participation history questionnaire. Groups included Power Sport Participant (PSP), Other Sport Participant (OSP), and Nonparticipant (NP). Current physical activity (PA) behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and was used with hip structure analysis (HSA) to estimate femoral neck section modulus (FN Z) and hip cross-sectional area (CSA). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provided stress-strain index (SSI) and bone strength index (BSI) at 38% and 4% cross-sectional tibial sites respectively. Vertical jump estimated muscle power at age 19. Gender-specific multiple linear regression predicted young adult bone outcomes based on sport participation groups. Mediation analysis analyzed effects of muscle power on relationships between sport participation and bone outcomes. All analyses were adjusted for current PA. For both males and females, bone outcomes for PSPs were greater than bone outcomes for NPs (P < 0.025). Bone outcomes for PSPs were also greater than OSPs in females (P < 0.025). Mean differences for PSPs and NPs differed between 6.5% to 15.7%. 14.2% to 27.5% of the effect of sport participation on bone outcomes was mediated by muscle power. These results provide evidence to say that former male power sport participants and other sport participants and female power sport participants have stronger bones than peers even when adjusting for current PA. Muscle power did not fully explain differences in all bone outcomes suggesting that sport participation has additional bone health benefits.
3

Um estudo do método de homogeneização assimptótica visando aplicações em estruturas ósseas / A study of the asymptotic homogenization method for applications in bone structures

Silva, Uziel Paulo da 08 July 2009 (has links)
O osso é um sólido heterogêneo com estrutura bastante complexa que geralmente exige o emprego de múltiplas escalas em sua análise. A análise do comportamento eletromecânico da estrutura óssea tem sido realizada por meio de métodos da mecânica clássica, métodos de elementos finitos e métodos de homogeneização. Procura-se descrever matematicamente a relação entre o comportamento eletromecânico da estrutura óssea e as propriedades efetivas, ou, globais. Assim, muitos esforços têm sido despendidos para desenvolver modelos analíticos rigorosos capazes de predizer as propriedades globais e locais das estruturas ósseas. O propósito deste trabalho é estudar o método de Homogeneização Assimptótica (MHA) com a finalidade de determinar as propriedades eletromecânicas efetivas de estruturas heterogêneas, tais como a estrutura óssea. Inicialmente, são analisados o problema de condução de calor e o problema elástico e demonstra-se que estes problemas estão relacionados entre si. Para o problema de condução de calor, dois métodos para obter as constantes efetivas são apresentados. Além disso, uma aplicação do MHA em osso cortical é apresentada e os resultados estão de muito bom acordo com resultados encontrados na literatura. Em vista disto, verifica-se a possibilidade da aplicação do MHA para determinar as propriedades efetivas da estrutura óssea com estrutura cristalina na classe 622. / The bone is a heterogeneous solid with a highly complex structure that requires a multiple scale type of analysis. To analyze the electromechanical behavior of the bone structure, methods of classical mechanics, finite element methods, and methods of homogenization are being used. This analysis describes mathematically the relationship between the electromechanical behavior of the bone structure and its effective, or, global, properties. Thus, many efforts have been spent to develop rigorous analytical models capable of predicting the global and local effective properties of bone structures. The purpose of this work is to study the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) in order to determine the electromechanical effective properties of heterogeneous structures, such as the bone structure. The analysis of heat conduction and elastic problem using AHM shows that these problems are related to each other. Furthermore, an application of the AHM in cortical bone is presented and the results are shown to be in very good agreement with results found in the literature. Finally, this work shows great promise in the application of the AHM to determine the effective properties of a bone structure whose constituent material belongs to the crystal class 622.
4

Um estudo do método de homogeneização assimptótica visando aplicações em estruturas ósseas / A study of the asymptotic homogenization method for applications in bone structures

Uziel Paulo da Silva 08 July 2009 (has links)
O osso é um sólido heterogêneo com estrutura bastante complexa que geralmente exige o emprego de múltiplas escalas em sua análise. A análise do comportamento eletromecânico da estrutura óssea tem sido realizada por meio de métodos da mecânica clássica, métodos de elementos finitos e métodos de homogeneização. Procura-se descrever matematicamente a relação entre o comportamento eletromecânico da estrutura óssea e as propriedades efetivas, ou, globais. Assim, muitos esforços têm sido despendidos para desenvolver modelos analíticos rigorosos capazes de predizer as propriedades globais e locais das estruturas ósseas. O propósito deste trabalho é estudar o método de Homogeneização Assimptótica (MHA) com a finalidade de determinar as propriedades eletromecânicas efetivas de estruturas heterogêneas, tais como a estrutura óssea. Inicialmente, são analisados o problema de condução de calor e o problema elástico e demonstra-se que estes problemas estão relacionados entre si. Para o problema de condução de calor, dois métodos para obter as constantes efetivas são apresentados. Além disso, uma aplicação do MHA em osso cortical é apresentada e os resultados estão de muito bom acordo com resultados encontrados na literatura. Em vista disto, verifica-se a possibilidade da aplicação do MHA para determinar as propriedades efetivas da estrutura óssea com estrutura cristalina na classe 622. / The bone is a heterogeneous solid with a highly complex structure that requires a multiple scale type of analysis. To analyze the electromechanical behavior of the bone structure, methods of classical mechanics, finite element methods, and methods of homogenization are being used. This analysis describes mathematically the relationship between the electromechanical behavior of the bone structure and its effective, or, global, properties. Thus, many efforts have been spent to develop rigorous analytical models capable of predicting the global and local effective properties of bone structures. The purpose of this work is to study the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) in order to determine the electromechanical effective properties of heterogeneous structures, such as the bone structure. The analysis of heat conduction and elastic problem using AHM shows that these problems are related to each other. Furthermore, an application of the AHM in cortical bone is presented and the results are shown to be in very good agreement with results found in the literature. Finally, this work shows great promise in the application of the AHM to determine the effective properties of a bone structure whose constituent material belongs to the crystal class 622.
5

POSTCRANIAL SKELETAL PNEUMATICITY, BONE STUCTURE, AND FORAGING STYLE IN TWO CLADES OF NEOGNATH BIRDS

Gutzwiller, Sarah C. 02 July 2010 (has links)
No description available.
6

Emprego do método de homogeneização assintótica no cálculo das propriedades efetivas de estruturas ósseas / Using the asymptotic homogenization method to evaluate the effective properties of bone structures

Silva, Uziel Paulo da 28 May 2014 (has links)
Ossos são sólidos não homogêneos com estruturas altamente complexas que requerem uma modelagem multiescala para entender seu comportamento eletromecânico e seus mecanismos de remodelamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é encontrar expressões analíticas para as propriedades elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica efetivas de osso cortical modelando-o em duas escalas: microscópica e macroscópica. Utiliza-se o Método de Homogeneização Assintótica (MHA) para calcular as constantes eletromecânicas efetivas deste material. O MHA produz um procedimento em duas escalas que permite obter as propriedades efetivas de um material compósito contendo uma distribuição periódica de furos cilíndricos circulares unidirecionais em uma matriz piezoelétrica linear e transversalmente isotrópica. O material da matriz pertence à classe de simetria cristalina 622. Os furos estão centrados em células de uma matriz periódica de secções transversais quadradas e a periodicidade é a mesma em duas direções perpendiculares. O compósito piezoelétrico está sob cisalhamento antiplano acoplado a um campo elétrico plano. Os problemas locais que surgem da análise em duas escalas usando o MHA são resolvidos por meio de um método da teoria de variáveis complexas, o qual permite expandir as soluções correspondentes em séries de potências de funções elípticas de Weierstrass. Os coeficientes das séries são determinados das soluções de sistemas lineares infinitos de equações algébricas. Truncando estes sistemas infinitos até uma ordem finita de aproximação, obtêm-se fórmulas analíticas para as constantes efetivas elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica, que dependem da fração de volume dos furos e de um fator de acoplamento eletromecânico da matriz. Os resultados numéricos obtidos a partir destas fórmulas são comparados com resultados obtidos pelas fórmulas calculadas via método de Mori-Tanaka e apresentam boa concordância. A boa concordância entre todas as curvas obtidas via MHA sugere que a expressão correspondente da primeira aproximação fornece uma fórmula muito simples para calcular o fator de acoplamento efetivo do compósito. Os resultados são úteis na mecânica de osso. / Bones are inhomogeneous solids with highly complex structures that require multiscale modeling to understand its electromechanical behavior and its remodeling mechanisms. The objective of this work is to find analytical expressions for the effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of cortical bone by modeling it on two scales: microscopic and macroscopic. We use Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) to calculate the effective electromechanical constants of this material. The AHM yields a two-scale procedure to obtain the effective properties of a composite material containing a periodic distribution of unidirectional circular cylindrical holes in a linear transversely isotropic piezoelectric matrix. The matrix material belongs to the symmetry crystal class 622. The holes are centered in a periodic array of cells of square cross sections and the periodicity is the same in two perpendicular directions. The piezoelectric composite is under antiplane shear deformation together with in-plane electric field. Local problems that arise from the two-scale analysis using the AHM are solved by means of a complex variable method, which allows us to expand the corresponding solutions in power series of Weierstrass elliptic functions. The coefficients of these series are determined from the solutions of infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. Truncating the infinite systems up to a finite, but otherwise arbitrary, order of approximation, we obtain analytical formulas for effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties, which depend on both the volume fraction of the holes and an electromechanical coupling factor of the matrix. Numerical results obtained from these formulas are compared with results obtained by the Mori-Tanaka approach and show good agreement. The good agreement between all curves obtained via AHM suggests that the corresponding expression of first approximation provides a very simple formula to calculate the effective coupling factor of the composite. The results are useful in bone mechanics.
7

Ontogénie de l’asymétrie des métacarpes : étude de la plasticité osseuse

Tessier, Dominique 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
8

Radiographical assessment of hip fragility

Pulkkinen, P. (Pasi) 27 January 2009 (has links)
Abstract The current benchmark for the assessment of fracture risk is the status of osteoporosis based on the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, DXA-based BMD has been shown to lack predictive ability for individual fracture risk. More than half of the hip fractures occur among people who are not classified as having osteoporosis. Osteoporosis (i.e. reduced bone mass) is only one risk factor for a fracture. In addition to bone mass, the mechanical strength of a bone is influenced by material and structural factors. However, we have limited information about the combined effects of BMD and bone structural properties in the evaluation of fracture risk, with regard to different types of hip fractures in particular. Therefore, this study investigated the radiograph-based structural factors of the upper femur for the assessment of bone mechanical competence and cervical and trochanteric hip fracture risk. The subjects of the clinical study comprised 74 postmenopausal women with non-pathologic cervical or trochanteric hip fracture and 40 age-matched controls. The impact of bone structure on the bone mechanical competence was studied using the experimental material of 140 cadaver femurs. The femora were mechanically tested in order to determine the failure load in a side impact configuration, simulating a sideways fall. In all study series, standard BMD measurements were performed, and the structural parameters of bone were determined from digitized plain radiographs. The present study showed that the large variation in the mechanical competence of bone is associated with the geometrical and architectural variation of bone. Moreover, the results strongly suggested that the etiopathology of different types of hip fractures significantly differs, and that fracture risk prediction should thus be performed separately for the cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. Furthermore, the study implied that the current clinical procedure can better be used for the assessment of the risk of trochanteric fracture, whereas cervical fracture is more strongly affected by the geometrical factors than by BMD. Finally, radiograph-based structural parameters of trabecular bone and bone geometry predicted in vitro failure loads of the proximal femur with a similar accuracy as DXA, when appropriate image analysis technology was used. Thus, the technology may be suitable for further development and application in clinical fracture risk assessment.
9

Emprego do método de homogeneização assintótica no cálculo das propriedades efetivas de estruturas ósseas / Using the asymptotic homogenization method to evaluate the effective properties of bone structures

Uziel Paulo da Silva 28 May 2014 (has links)
Ossos são sólidos não homogêneos com estruturas altamente complexas que requerem uma modelagem multiescala para entender seu comportamento eletromecânico e seus mecanismos de remodelamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é encontrar expressões analíticas para as propriedades elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica efetivas de osso cortical modelando-o em duas escalas: microscópica e macroscópica. Utiliza-se o Método de Homogeneização Assintótica (MHA) para calcular as constantes eletromecânicas efetivas deste material. O MHA produz um procedimento em duas escalas que permite obter as propriedades efetivas de um material compósito contendo uma distribuição periódica de furos cilíndricos circulares unidirecionais em uma matriz piezoelétrica linear e transversalmente isotrópica. O material da matriz pertence à classe de simetria cristalina 622. Os furos estão centrados em células de uma matriz periódica de secções transversais quadradas e a periodicidade é a mesma em duas direções perpendiculares. O compósito piezoelétrico está sob cisalhamento antiplano acoplado a um campo elétrico plano. Os problemas locais que surgem da análise em duas escalas usando o MHA são resolvidos por meio de um método da teoria de variáveis complexas, o qual permite expandir as soluções correspondentes em séries de potências de funções elípticas de Weierstrass. Os coeficientes das séries são determinados das soluções de sistemas lineares infinitos de equações algébricas. Truncando estes sistemas infinitos até uma ordem finita de aproximação, obtêm-se fórmulas analíticas para as constantes efetivas elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica, que dependem da fração de volume dos furos e de um fator de acoplamento eletromecânico da matriz. Os resultados numéricos obtidos a partir destas fórmulas são comparados com resultados obtidos pelas fórmulas calculadas via método de Mori-Tanaka e apresentam boa concordância. A boa concordância entre todas as curvas obtidas via MHA sugere que a expressão correspondente da primeira aproximação fornece uma fórmula muito simples para calcular o fator de acoplamento efetivo do compósito. Os resultados são úteis na mecânica de osso. / Bones are inhomogeneous solids with highly complex structures that require multiscale modeling to understand its electromechanical behavior and its remodeling mechanisms. The objective of this work is to find analytical expressions for the effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of cortical bone by modeling it on two scales: microscopic and macroscopic. We use Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) to calculate the effective electromechanical constants of this material. The AHM yields a two-scale procedure to obtain the effective properties of a composite material containing a periodic distribution of unidirectional circular cylindrical holes in a linear transversely isotropic piezoelectric matrix. The matrix material belongs to the symmetry crystal class 622. The holes are centered in a periodic array of cells of square cross sections and the periodicity is the same in two perpendicular directions. The piezoelectric composite is under antiplane shear deformation together with in-plane electric field. Local problems that arise from the two-scale analysis using the AHM are solved by means of a complex variable method, which allows us to expand the corresponding solutions in power series of Weierstrass elliptic functions. The coefficients of these series are determined from the solutions of infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. Truncating the infinite systems up to a finite, but otherwise arbitrary, order of approximation, we obtain analytical formulas for effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties, which depend on both the volume fraction of the holes and an electromechanical coupling factor of the matrix. Numerical results obtained from these formulas are compared with results obtained by the Mori-Tanaka approach and show good agreement. The good agreement between all curves obtained via AHM suggests that the corresponding expression of first approximation provides a very simple formula to calculate the effective coupling factor of the composite. The results are useful in bone mechanics.
10

Histomorphometrische Untersuchungen der Knochenstruktur am ovarektomierten Göttinger Minischwein zur Etablierung eines Großtiermodells zur Simulation der postmenopausalen Osteoporose / Overiectomized Göttinger Minipigs as large animal models for evaluation of postmenopausal osteoporosis - histomorphometric analysis of bone structure alterations

Bartels, Felix 08 November 2010 (has links)
No description available.

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