Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-156). Also available via the Internet.

This is a multidisciplinary and comparative study of the recurrent representations of bandits in Latin American literature from the second half of the 19th Century to the early 20th Century. After the wars of independence in the Americas, the founding of postcolonial nation-states or Creole Republics (Repúblicas Criollas) marginalized entire rural populations, composed of indigenous people but also of multiracial, mixed populations such as the gauchos, llaneros, and other people who were branded as “bandits” as they were not part of the idealized westernized nation. This complex conflict can also be read as a last struggle between two competing colonizing models in the Americas: the receding Hispanic Catholic rural/feudal model and the liberal “free-trade” capitalist model emerging from the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment, represented by the United States in the hemisphere. Both socio-cultural models generated new mappings and diverse political narratives throughout the Americas: Hispanic and Hispanicized bandits created postcolonial cultural symbols of resistance to modernity capable of crossing borders. Joaquín Murrieta and Billy the Kid are extraordinary examples of the complex processes by which mythified and vilified bandits become multicultural transnational symbols. These phenomena are thoroughly studied here through the textual and contextual analysis of Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism (1845); El Zarco (1869); Martín Fierro (1872); Doña Bárbara (1929); The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, the Celebrated California Bandit (1854); Vida y aventuras del más célebre bandido sonorense Joaquín Murrieta: sus grandes proezas en California (1904); Fulgor y muerte de Joaquín Murieta (1967); The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid (1882) and El bandido adolescente (1965). The peripheral individuals inhabiting these cultural and political borderlines raise important issues of nation, race, state and social identities and allow us to interrogate better the complex processes of Latin American and US national formation. This incursion into the cultural histories of these heterogeneous social conflicts in the Americas during a period of national expansion and construction also seeks to put in conversation diverse intellectual perspectives from the Global North and South.

CAVALCANTE, João Vitor de Sousa. O acesso ao outro: monstro, fronteira e alteridade em Where the wild things are. 2015. 118f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-29T17:42:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jvscavalcante.pdf: 3760721 bytes, checksum: 7d7222ff3d8ebc7e4e44a4d59ccf83fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-29T17:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jvscavalcante.pdf: 3760721 bytes, checksum: 7d7222ff3d8ebc7e4e44a4d59ccf83fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T17:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jvscavalcante.pdf: 3760721 bytes, checksum: 7d7222ff3d8ebc7e4e44a4d59ccf83fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A proposta desta pesquisa é discutir as figurações da monstruosidade na obra do ilustrador norte-americano Maurice Sendak, mais especificamente no livro Where the Wild Things Are, publicado em 1963. Ao analisar a relação entre o herói Max e os monstros com os quais lida em sua aventura, discutimos a presença dessas criaturas bestiais como mecanismos de fabricação da alteridade e como elementos de intersecção cultural, habitantes das zonas fronteiriças das culturas. Na relação com o monstruoso, a subjetividade não se assenta no caráter estável e agregador de uma identidade, mas sim na relação conflituosa e fragmentária da alteridade, em que o “outro” é sempre fabricado, configurando-se não apenas como limite, mas também como condição para o “eu”. O corpo do monstro evidencia o caráter fronteiriço do ser, como signos que deliram em zonas limítrofes. Esses elementos entram em conflito com a ordenação binária estabelecida pela cultura e desagregam dicotomias elementares tais como natureza e cultura, normal e patológico, homem e monstro. Empreendemos nossa investigação a partir de questões que tocam a visualidade das páginas ilustradas por Maurice Sendak. Assim, centramos nossa análise na relação intersemiótica entre os sistemas sígnicos verbal e icônico. Tomamos como âncora conceitual estudos que versam sobre palavra e imagem (Flusser, 2011; Nodelman, 2012), bem como trabalhos sobre monstruosidade (Cohen, 1996, 1999; Corno, 1997; Gil, 2006). Além desses autores, articulamos nossas reflexões pondo em diálogo as noções de fronteira e de semiosfera elaboradas pelo semioticista Iuri Lotman com o conceito de limite do filósofo espanhol Eugenio Trías e com categorias da Antropologia Social, notadamente alteridade e cultura.

Globalization has expanded the travelling privileges of certain populations (namely for those in the West) while it has simultaneously resulted in restrictions on the movement of the more racialized and impoverished populations. The economically disadvantaged groups are subjected to strict border control policies such as stringent visa requirements (to stop them before they migrate), border infrastructure (to curb their mobility while they are travelling across international borders), and detention policies (after they arrive in the host country). The corresponding challenges are particularly taxing and traumatic for vulnerable populations, especially minors. Using qualitative methodology, this research explores the interview-based accounts of nine asylum-seeking children and young adults regarding their migration experiences with border control policies (during their migration) and administrative detention procedures in Canada. Drawing on Criminology of Mobility as a conceptual framework, the findings of this study demonstrate that border infrastructure endangers young asylum seekers’ lives as it compels them to pursue more precarious means, such as using the services of human smugglers or crossing international borders from isolated and dangerous crossing points. The findings of this research also suggest that juvenile asylum seekers may be experiencing border control policies and immigration detention more negatively because of their age-related vulnerabilities.

We analyze the cross-border effect of tax cuts on R&D activity in the context of profit shifting. A tax cut in one location of a multinational enterprise reduces the user cost of capital for the whole group if profit shifting is possible and exerts a positive cross-border effect on R&D output. Using micro-level data, we find an increase of patent output of 15% upon the implementation of a foreign tax cut for firms with cross-border links. In addition, we find that foreign tax cuts prohibiting profit shifting generate a negative cross-border effect on average patent quality. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

La Conquête du Río de la Plata est un cas particulier dans l'Empire hispanique : au-delà d'une ligne de démarcation intérieure établie par les conquérants – la frontière indienne – les peuples autochtones conservaient le contrôle de leurs territoires, se rapprochant en ceci des colonies de l'Amérique du Nord. Durant quatre siècles, deux sociétés coexistèrent ainsi de part et d'autre de cette ligne théorique et mouvante, espace de conflits, mais également d'échanges continus et intenses. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier la Frontière intérieure du Sud-Ouest, des premiers contacts avec lespopulations indigènes au XVIe siècle, jusqu'aux campagnes militaires menées par le gouvernement argentin à la fin du XIXe qui aboutiront à sa disparition, de même qu'aux Etats-Unis. L'étude permettra d'examiner l'évolution de cet espace frontalier tout d'abord durant la période coloniale, puis à l'époque des guerres de l'Indépendance, et enfin les divers processus qui auront conduit, tout au long du XIXe siècle, à la suppression définitive de cette frontière, ainsi que de tribus amérindiennes encore indépendantes / The Conquest of the Río de la Plata is a particular case within the Spanish Empire : beyond an inner boundary established by the conquerors – the indian frontier – the Natives maintained control over their territory, as well as they did facing the british colonies in North America. During four centuries, two societies thus coexisted on both sides of this theoretical and movable line, a space of conflicts, but of intense and continuing exchanges too. This doctoral thesis intend to study the inner South-West Frontier, from the first contacts with the indigenous peoples in the 16th century until the militarycampaigns carried out by the government of Argentina at the end of the 19th century and making it disappear, as well as in the United States. The study will give the opportunity to review the changings in this border space, first during the colonial period, then at the time of the Independence wars, and finally the various processes which will lead to the abolition of this frontier, as well as of independent amerindian tribes during the 19th century

Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by an increasing number of countries in the European Union for the purpose of border controls. Simultaneously, several human rights organization have expressed their concerns on the violation of the right to asylum and of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment resulting from the adoption of this method. This research will analyze this phenomenon through the perspective of international relations theory. The analysis will consider the realist approach in opposition to the liberal one, trying to assess whether border fences can be defined as an expression of national interest which compromises international cooperation in the field of human rights.

À l’instar des grandes transformations des relations internationales, les notions de la sécurité, d’insécurité et de frontière leurs étude ont été bouleversées par la multiplication des activités qualifiées de terroristes dans maints endroits du monde. Cette thèse se saisit de thème à la frontière entre le Niger et le Nigeria, victime ces dernières années d’une insécurité transfrontalière que lui impose notamment l’organisation Boko Haram qui agit à l’échelle transnationale en s’affranchissant des limites frontalières dans le bassin du Lac Tchad. Ainsi cette crise sécuritaire a fait l’objet d’une panoplie des réactions aussi bien nationales que bilatérales ou encore issues des organisations régionales et internationales. La gestion diversifiée de cet ébranlement met en lumière les contradictions qui animent les relations internationales et la complexité des ressorts d’une insécurité transfrontalière mouvante, mal connue et peu médiatisée. / Like the great transformations of international relations, the notions of security, insecurity and border have been deeply transformed, especially due to the advent of the phenomenon labelled as terrorism in many places of the world. This doctoral dissertation explores this situation at the border between Niger and Nigeria. The region has been subjected to cross-border insecurity imposed inter alia by the organization Boko Haram, which acts on a transnational scale without considering the state borders in the Lake Chad Basin region. Thus, this security crisis has been the subject of a number of reactions at national or bilateral levels or from regional and international organizations. The diversified management of this shock wave highlights the contradictions that animate international relations and the complexity in handling this transboundary insecurity that is shifting, poorly known and poorly publicized.

This film examines the phenomenon of a family divided by the U.S.-Mexico border. Saul, the head of the family, migrated north in search of a better life for his wife and children while they stayed behind in Mexico. Not having the documents to cross the border has resulted in being apart from his family for more than ten years. This is a story about separation, pain, and the ultimate sacrifice a family makes as a means of survival.

Within interstate militarized disputes, states use different kinds of influence strategies, like bullying, reciprocating, and trial-and-error. My dissertation examines state influence strategies within border disputes. This context serves as a hard test which could testify if state behaviors in world politics are mainly driven by the salience of contested issues. Or other factors, like leader militarized backgrounds (e.g., participating in rebellions or military service), may also at work. On the other hand, focusing on state influence strategies could be a promising direction to investigate the dynamics of border disputes, like border crisis outcomes. My dissertation contains three chapters. The first chapter explores the rationales behind state choices of influence strategies in border crises by focusing on leaders and their militarized experiences. The second chapter focuses on the influence strategy's short-term effect by examining how do hey influence border crisis outcomes? The third chapter examines the influence strategy's long-term impact by investigating how do they affect the durability of border claims? My dissertation has some important findings. First, leader militarized backgrounds influence state choices of influence strategies. Second, bullying strategies create escalations, which make border crises more likely to end in stalemate or decisive outcomes. By contrast, both reciprocating and trial-and-error ease the tension and make border crises more likely to end in compromises. Third, in the long term, the bullying strategies enable states to learn the costs of territorial fights, who then are willing to drop territorial claims. Neither reciprocating or trial-and-error strategies has this effect.