The fabrication and characterization of boron-doped diamond microelectrodes for use in electrochemical detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE-EC) is discussed. They exhibited low and stable background currents and sigmoidally shaped voltammetric curves for cysteine, cystine and Fe(CN)63-/4- . Evaluation of the CE-EC system and the electrode performance were accomplished using a 10 mM borate buffer, pH 8.8, run buffer, and a 70-cm-long fused-silica capillary (10-mm i.d.) with seven sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine, cystine, homocysyeine, homocystine, glutathionine, glutathionine disulfide) as test analytes. Reproducible separation (elution time) and detection (peak current) of seven sulfur-containing amino acids were observed with response precisions of 5% or less.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The main aim of this study is to investigate theelectrochemical determination of two beneficial (selenium and zinc) and two toxic (chromium and vanadium) metals in the potable water within the City of Cape Town's distribution area. The Water Laboratory of the City's Scientific Services Branch analyses for these metals in their elemental state, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). This is a standard method used for the detection of trace metals. The most sensitive voltammetric method for determining these metals is by adsorptive stripping voltammetry, using a thin mercury film electrode with a glassy carbon support. This voltammetric method is used for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. Because of mercury's toxicity it is not really favoured for trace metals anymore. Many other possibilities are under investigation, e.g. bismuth-film, modified glassy carbon and antimony electrodes. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has distinct advantages when used to determine metal concentrations. Advantages of BDD electrodes include lower detection limit, speciation and wider potential window. In this study cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to determine the copper, cadmium and lead concentrations in potable water by means of square wave voltammetry (SWV) and a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Furthermore, a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was used to investigate the possibilities of determining selenium, chromium and vanadium by SWV. Real samples (potable water samples) were analysed electrochemically to qualify and quantify these metals and determine whether they comply with the SANS 241:2006 drinking water guidelines.The copper, cadmium, lead and selenium peaks appear very close to the theoretical values, which indicate that these metals can be detected by SWV method, but further analysis with more samples is advised. Even though responses were observed for vanadium and chromium, it was not reliable and requires further investigation. Further studies into the analyses of zinc are also advised.

In this study the possibilities of utilization of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for electrochemical reduction of organic compounds and their determination in aqueous media were investigated. For this purpose BDD electrodes have several advantages (relative wide potential window in cathodic region, low sensitivity towards oxygen evolution) but are not frequently used. For the study were selected biologically active organic compounds with typical reducible groups. Vanillin (natural essential oil, synthetic aroma; reducible aromatic aldehyde) is not reducible at BDD electrode. Azidothymidine (antiviral drug; reducible azido group) shows voltammetric signal in Britton -Robinson buffer at pH 6.0 - 8.0, but its analytical utilization is difficult due to the close positioning to the decomposition of the supporting electrolyte. The height and potential of the reduction signal of 5-nitroquinoline (environmental pollutant; reducible nitro group on the aromatic nucleus and at higher potentials reducible heterocycle) is significantly influenced by the boron concentration in BDD film. Reduction of quinoline skeleton is visible in the range of pH6.0 - 11.0 in BR buffer. For differential pulse and DC voltammetry (reduction of nitro group) in BR buffer pH 5.0 limits of detection 0.2 µmol.l-1 and 2.7...

nÃo hà / Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de procedimento eletroanalÃtico para a determinaÃÃo do antidepressivo tricÃclico imipramina (IMP) em formulaÃÃes farmacÃuticas comerciais, utilizando eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro (EDDB) e voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ). Os estudos da oxidaÃÃo eletroquÃmica da IMP foram realizados em soluÃÃo de tampÃo Britton-Robbinson (BR) 0,04 mol L-1. Os resultados utilizando VOQ mostraram dois picos de oxidaÃÃo bem definidos, com pico 1 em 0,04 V e pico 2 em 0,82 V versus Ag/AgCl/Cl- 3 mol L-1. Para o desenvolvimento dos estudos foi utilizado o pico 1 por ter se apresentado mais sensÃvel e seletivo. O efeito dos parÃmetros experimentais e voltamÃtricos foram avaliados e as melhores condiÃÃes foram obtidas em pH 7,4, frequÃncia de aplicaÃÃo de pulsos de potencial de 100 s-1, incremento de potencial de 2 mV e amplitude de 50 mV. Sob estas condiÃÃes, foram construÃdas curvas analÃticas com resposta linear na faixa de concentraÃÃo de 1,73 x 10-7 mol L-1 a 2,53 x 10-6 mol L-1 (r = 0,9984), com um limite de detecÃÃo e de quantificaÃÃo de 4,35 x 10-8 mol L-1 e 1,45 x 10-7 mol L-1, respectivamente. O mÃtodo proposto foi aplicado com sucesso na determinaÃÃo de IMP em formulaÃÃes farmacÃuticas comerciais e validado por comparaÃÃo com mÃtodo padrÃo de determinaÃÃo de imipramina. Os resultados obtidos estiveram de acordo, em um nÃvel de confianÃa de 95%, com aqueles obtidos usando o mÃtodo oficial da FarmacopÃia BritÃnica. / This research describes the development of an electroanalytical procedure proposal for the determination of tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (IMP) in commercial pharmaceutical formulations, using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode (BDDE) and Square-Wave Voltammetry (SWV). The electrochemical oxidation of imipramine was studied in 0.04 mol L-1 Britton-Robbinson buffer solution (BR). The results using VOQ showed two well-defined oxidation peaks with potentials of 0.04 V and 0.82 V versus Ag/AgCl/Cl- 3 mol L-1 for peaks 1 and 2, respectively. For the studiesâ development was used the peak 1 because it demonstrated to be more sensitive and selective. The effect of the experimental and voltammetric parameters were evaluated and the best performance was obtained in pH 7.4, pulses application frequency of potential of 100 s-1, potential increment of 2 mV and amplitude of 50 mV. Under these conditions, the analytical curves were obtained in the linear range of concentration from 1.73 x 10-7 mol L-1 to 2.53 x 10-6 mol L-1 (r = 0,9984), with detection and quantitation limits 4.35 x 10-8 mol L-1 e 1.45 x 10-7 mol L-1, respectively. The proposed method was applied with success in the determination of IMP in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and validated by comparison with standard method for determination of imipramine. The obtained results were in close agreement, at a 95% confidence level, with those obtained using an official method of the British Pharmacopoeia.

LUCAS, Francisco Willian de Souza. Detecção Eletroanalítica e Estudo do Mecanismo de Oxidação do Pesticida Dimetomorfe. 2012. 54 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-31T19:39:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_fwslucas.pdf: 1580068 bytes, checksum: 647901a551ada8eb15811c67fb68d6df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-31T23:02:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_fwslucas.pdf: 1580068 bytes, checksum: 647901a551ada8eb15811c67fb68d6df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T23:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_fwslucas.pdf: 1580068 bytes, checksum: 647901a551ada8eb15811c67fb68d6df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Dimethomorph (DIM) belongs to the class of morpholinic fungicides, it has systemic action, it is persistent in food matrices and in planting soils where was applied and a possible endocrine interferent, justifying the development of methodologies for detection and quantification of this compound. In the electrochemical study can be seen that the DIM had electrochemical process diffusion-controlled and characterized as quasi-reversible, with electrode potential of approximately 1.28 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.) electrode and involving two electrons transfer. In the development of electroanalytical methods using the square-wave voltammetry and the boron-doped diamond electrode, it was found that the best experimental and voltammetric conditions were obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 3, as supporting electrolyte, pulse potential frequency of 30 s-1, square-wave amplitude of 50 mV and potential step increment of 2 mV. From these conditions it was possible to develop an analytical method with a linear range from 4.57x10-6 to 3.78x10-4 mol L-1, detection limit of 3.11x10-7 mol L-1, quantification limit of 1.04x10-6 mol L-1, 0.13% of repeatability (n = 10) and 0.92% of reproducibility (n = 5). The evaluation of the interference of the ionic compounds present in the supporting electrolyte and the Mancozebe (MZB), present in DIM co-formulations, in the accuracy and precision of the methodology showed that these species have little influence. The recovery in electrolyte was of 97.25 ± 0.70%, with 95% confidence, and BIAS of 2.74%. The percentage of MZB interference, in different concentrations, was less than |10%|. The application of the proposed methodology for determining of the DIM in fresh grapes and red wine showed a percent recovery equal to 101.0 ± 12.1% and 105.1 ± 10.8% with 95% confidence, respectively, and BIAS less than 6 %. Based on the quantum-chemicals information, we can infer that the site of oxidation of DIM is the non-aromatic double bond. The data obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the conclusion that the electrodic substrate nature does not interfere in the overall mechanism of the DIM electrooxidation reaction, in which is formed the (4-chlorophenyl)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone as major product. / O Dimetomorfe (DIM) pertence à classe dos fungicidas morfolínicos, tem ação sistêmica, é persistente nas matrizes alimentícias e em solos de plantio onde foi aplicado e é um possível interferente endócrino, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de metodologias para detecção e quantificação desse composto. No estudo eletroquímico pode-se observar que DIM apresentou processo eletroquímico controlado por difusão e caracterizado como quasi-reversível, com potencial de eletrodo em torno de 1,28 V vs. eletrodo de Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.), referente à transferência de dois elétrons. No desenvolvimento da metodologia eletroanalítica utilizando voltametria de onda quadrada e o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro, constatou-se que as melhores condições experimentais e voltamétricas foram obtidas em tampão Britton-Robinson pH 3, como eletrólito de suporte, frequência de aplicação dos pulsos de potencial de 30 s-1, amplitude dos pulsos de potencial de 50 mV e incremento de potencial de 2 mV. Partindo dessas condições foi possível desenvolver uma metodologia analítica com faixa linear de 4,57x10-6 a 3,78x10-4 mol L-1, limite de detecção de 3,11x10-7 mol L-1, limite de quantificação de 1,04x10-6 mol L-1, repetibilidade de 0,13% (n = 10) e reprodutibilidade de 0,92% (n = 5). A avaliação da interferência das espécies iônicas presentes no eletrólito de suporte e do Mancozebe (MZB), presente em coformulações de DIM, na exatidão e na precisão da metodologia mostrou que essas espécies exercem pouca influência. A recuperação em eletrólito foi de 97,25 ± 0,70 %, com confiança de 95%, e BIAS de 2,74 %. O percentual de interferência do MZB, em diferentes concentrações, foi menor que |10%|. A aplicação da metodologia proposta na determinação do DIM em uva in natura e em vinho tinto apresentou percentual de recuperação de 101,0 ± 12,1% e 105,1 ± 10,8% com confiança de 95%, respectivamente, e BIAS menor que 6%. Baseando-se nas informações químico-computacionais, pode-se inferir que o sítio de oxidação do DIM é na dupla ligação não aromática. Os dados obtidos por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa levaram à conclusão que a natureza do substrato eletródico não interfere no mecanismo global da reação de eletrooxidação do DIM, sendo formado o (4-clorofenil)-(3,4-dimetoxifenil)metanona como produto majoritário.

This study investigates electrochemical oxidation of m-cresol on boron-doped diamond electrode using direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltametry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In aqueous media in pH range 2.0 - 12.0 m-cresol provides one oxidation peak. The electrode reaction is diffusion-controled. Because of electrode passivation two types of pretreatment were applied for reactivation of electrode surface., i.e. alumina polishing and anodic activation using potential of +2400 mV. Peak heights and potentials are strongly dipending on the type of pretreatment for DCV and DPV - the difference in peak potentials can reach 430 mV. Using optimal conditions for alumina polishing in 0.01 μmol·L-1 NaOH the linear dynamic range is 1.0 - 75 μmol·L-1 for DCV and 0.75 - 75 μmol·L-1 for DPV. And for anodic activation in BR buffer pH 2.0 the linear dynamic range is 0.75 - 75 μmol·L-1 for DCV and DPV. The influence of boron-doping level was investigated using a semiconductive and mettalic-type BDD film. For the latter the sensitivity in DP voltammetry is two times higer and for both types the linear dynamic range is ca 1 - 25 μmol·L-1 . The voltammetric response of m-cresol was further investigated in the presence of cationic surfactants. In the presence of CTAB and CPB the peak current...

This master's thesis contains a study of electrochemical processes of selected bile acids possessing 7 hydroxyl group (cholic, chenodeoxycholic and −muricholic). The measurements were performed on boron−doped diamond electrode in the non-aqueous medium of acetonitrile and perchloric acid (water content 0.55 %) by cyclic voltammetry. It is known that the electrochemical activity of 7 bile acids is increased by a dehydration reaction between perchloric acid and the 7 bile acid. The subject of the study was the stability of the voltammetric response of chemically activated bile acids in the region of negative potentials. It was found that the presence of oxygen in the measured solution is an important factor for obtaining the cathodic signal of 7 bile acids. It probably performs a regenerative function; the product of the electrochemical reduction is re-oxidized in its presence, which leads to an increase in the voltammetric response. At the same time, it is important that the direction of the scan in cyclic voltammetry first proceeds to positive values. A potential of +2.0 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3 in acetonitrile) must be reached for the HO● radicals to be formed. It is these radicals that presumably lead to the formation of the product(s) of bile acids electrochemical oxidation that can be subsequently...

Cholesterol is an irreplaceable sterol found in animal cells, lathosterol is one of its precursors. The first aim of this Thesis is to develop a method for determining cholesterol after liquid- liquid extraction from milk matrices by differential pulse voltammetry on a boron doped diamond electrode in the presence of perchloric acid in acetonitrile where cholesterol provides an irreversible anodic response at the potential between +1300 and +1600 mV depending on the water content. The second aim is a study of the voltammetric behavior of lathosterol on boron doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry mainly in perchloric acid but also sodium perchlorate where lathosterol provides an irreversible anodic response at the potential of about +1650 mV on the boron doped diamond electrode and at the potential of +1350 mV on a glassy carbon electrode. The effect of other acids - sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric - on the response of lathosterol was also investigated. The influence of the water content in the measured solution and the influence of the polarization rate on the response of lathosterol were studied. Furthermore, the calibration dependence of lathosterol was measured using differential pulse voltammetry after optimization of its...

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Dimetomorfe (DIM) pertence à classe dos fungicidas morfolÃnicos, tem aÃÃo sistÃmica, à persistente nas matrizes alimentÃcias e em solos de plantio onde foi aplicado e à um possÃvel interferente endÃcrino, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de metodologias para detecÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo desse composto. No estudo eletroquÃmico pode-se observar que DIM apresentou processo eletroquÃmico controlado por difusÃo e caracterizado como quasi-reversÃvel, com potencial de eletrodo em torno de 1,28 V vs. eletrodo de Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.), referente à transferÃncia de dois elÃtrons. No desenvolvimento da metodologia eletroanalÃtica utilizando voltametria de onda quadrada e o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro, constatou-se que as melhores condiÃÃes experimentais e voltamÃtricas foram obtidas em tampÃo Britton-Robinson pH 3, como eletrÃlito de suporte, frequÃncia de aplicaÃÃo dos pulsos de potencial de 30 s-1, amplitude dos pulsos de potencial de 50 mV e incremento de potencial de 2 mV. Partindo dessas condiÃÃes foi possÃvel desenvolver uma metodologia analÃtica com faixa linear de 4,57x10-6 a 3,78x10-4 mol L-1, limite de detecÃÃo de 3,11x10-7 mol L-1, limite de quantificaÃÃo de 1,04x10-6 mol L-1, repetibilidade de 0,13% (n = 10) e reprodutibilidade de 0,92% (n = 5). A avaliaÃÃo da interferÃncia das espÃcies iÃnicas presentes no eletrÃlito de suporte e do Mancozebe (MZB), presente em coformulaÃÃes de DIM, na exatidÃo e na precisÃo da metodologia mostrou que essas espÃcies exercem pouca influÃncia. A recuperaÃÃo em eletrÃlito foi de 97,25  0,70 %, com confianÃa de 95%, e BIAS de 2,74 %. O percentual de interferÃncia do MZB, em diferentes concentraÃÃes, foi menor que |10%|. A aplicaÃÃo da metodologia proposta na determinaÃÃo do DIM em uva in natura e em vinho tinto apresentou percentual de recuperaÃÃo de 101,0  12,1% e 105,1  10,8% com confianÃa de 95%, respectivamente, e BIAS menor que 6%. Baseando-se nas informaÃÃes quÃmico-computacionais, pode-se inferir que o sÃtio de oxidaÃÃo do DIM à na dupla ligaÃÃo nÃo aromÃtica. Os dados obtidos por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrÃmetro de massa levaram à conclusÃo que a natureza do substrato eletrÃdico nÃo interfere no mecanismo global da reaÃÃo de eletrooxidaÃÃo do DIM, sendo formado o (4-clorofenil)-(3,4-dimetoxifenil)metanona como produto majoritÃrio. / Dimethomorph (DIM) belongs to the class of morpholinic fungicides, it has systemic action, it is persistent in food matrices and in planting soils where was applied and a possible endocrine interferent, justifying the development of methodologies for detection and quantification of this compound. In the electrochemical study can be seen that the DIM had electrochemical process diffusion-controlled and characterized as quasi-reversible, with electrode potential of approximately 1.28 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.) electrode and involving two electrons transfer. In the development of electroanalytical methods using the square-wave voltammetry and the boron-doped diamond electrode, it was found that the best experimental and voltammetric conditions were obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 3, as supporting electrolyte, pulse potential frequency of 30 s-1, square-wave amplitude of 50 mV and potential step increment of 2 mV. From these conditions it was possible to develop an analytical method with a linear range from 4.57x10-6 to 3.78x10-4 mol L-1, detection limit of 3.11x10-7 mol L-1, quantification limit of 1.04x10-6 mol L-1, 0.13% of repeatability (n = 10) and 0.92% of reproducibility (n = 5). The evaluation of the interference of the ionic compounds present in the supporting electrolyte and the Mancozebe (MZB), present in DIM co-formulations, in the accuracy and precision of the methodology showed that these species have little influence. The recovery in electrolyte was of 97.25  0.70%, with 95% confidence, and BIAS of 2.74%. The percentage of MZB interference, in different concentrations, was less than |10%|. The application of the proposed methodology for determining of the DIM in fresh grapes and red wine showed a percent recovery equal to 101.0  12.1% and 105.1  10.8% with 95% confidence, respectively, and BIAS less than 6 %. Based on the quantum-chemicals information, we can infer that the site of oxidation of DIM is the non-aromatic double bond. The data obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the conclusion that the electrodic substrate nature does not interfere in the overall mechanism of the DIM electrooxidation reaction, in which is formed the (4-chlorophenyl)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone as major product.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T12:15:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciogualtierihonorio.pdf: 2076153 bytes, checksum: 5da73e6a28cee53b63fa855e4efb6984 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:56:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciogualtierihonorio.pdf: 2076153 bytes, checksum: 5da73e6a28cee53b63fa855e4efb6984 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciogualtierihonorio.pdf: 2076153 bytes, checksum: 5da73e6a28cee53b63fa855e4efb6984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dependendo da sua origem, o mel pode ter uma mistura de diferentes componentes, principalmente carboidratos, que conferem sabor adocicado ao produto. A concentração mineral é baixa, e depende do ambiente onde o mel é produzido, sendo afetada pela composição do solo, pela geologia e pelas condições geográficas locais. Por ser resultado de um processo de bioacumulação, o mel pode ser utilizado para obter informações a respeito do ambiente em que as abelhas produtoras vivem. O presente trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para extração e quantificação de Cu, Pb, Cd e Zn em mel com eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro, por voltametria de pulso diferencial. A metodologia foi otimizada por meio de planejamento de experimentos, com obtenção de modelos de previsão, após um estudo detalhado a cerca da ativação da superfície do eletrodo. O uso de ferramentas estatísticas, como Análise de Componentes Principais, Análise de Variância e superfícies de resposta auxiliaram na obtenção de condições ótimas de análise para os metais com o eletrodo proposto. Para análise de Cu, Pb e Cd utilizou-se o potencial de deposição de -0,95 V vs Ag|AgCl por 240 segundos, em ácido clorídrico 0,1 molL-1. A análise de Zn foi realizada em tampão acetato 0,5 molL-1 com um potencial de deposição de -1,5 V vs Ag|AgCl por 240 segundos. Por se tratar de uma matriz heterogênea e rica em matéria orgânica, um tratamento de digestão da amostra foi necessário. A mineralização do mel em chapa de aquecimento foi o procedimento mais adequado para tratamento da amostra. O método otimizado apresentou seletividade, boa sensibilidade, precisão, exatidão e robustez. A concentração dos analitos encontrados variaram entre 0,242 e 1,378 mgL-1 para o Cu; 0,129 e 0,918 mgL-1 para o Pb e 0,819 e 2,492 mgL-1 para o Zn. O Cd não foi detectado em nenhuma das amostras. As medidas obtidas foram comparadas com eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com filme de mercúrio e espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite, e os resultados encontrados não diferiram estatisticamente, sendo analisados por Análise de Variância. / Depending on the origin, honey can be a mixture of different components, mainly carbohydrates, which give a sweet taste to the product. The mineral concentration is low and depends on the environment where the honey is produced, being affected by soil composition, geology and by the respective geographical locations. Being the result of a process of bioaccumulation, honey can be used to collect information about of environment in which bees live. This study developed a methodology for the extraction and quantification of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in honey with boron-doped diamond electrode, by differential pulse voltammetry. The methodology was optimized through design of experiments, obtaining prediction models, after a detailed study concerning the activation of the electrode surface. The use of statistical tools such as Principal Components Analysis, Analysis of variance and response surfaces assisted in obtaining optimum conditions for the analysis of metals with such electrode. For analysis of Cu, Pb and Cd was used the deposition potential of -0.95 V vs Ag|AgCl for 240 seconds, hydrochloric acid 0.1 molL-1. Zn analysis was performed in acetate buffer 0.5 mol L-1 with a deposition potential of -1.5 V vs Ag|AgCl for 240 seconds. Because it is a heterogeneous matrix, rich in organic matter, treatment of digestion of the sample was necessary. The mineralization of honey on heating plate was the most appropriate for treatment of the sample. The optimized method showed selectivity, good sensitivity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The concentration of analytes ranged between 0.242 and 1.378 mgL-1 for Cu, 0.129 and 0.918 mgL-1 for Pb and 0.819 and 2.492 mgL-1 for Zn. The Cd was not detected in any sample. The measurements obtained were compared with glassy carbon electrode modified with mercury film and atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace, and the results did not differ statistically, by Analysis of variance.