Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009. / Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Dawn Baunach, Denise Donnelly, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-147).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering. Bibliography: leaves 288-292. Also available online via the Internet.

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Preterm infants are born after 20 weeks' gestation but before the completion of 3-7 weeks' gestation. Because of cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neuromuscular immaturity, preterm infants are at high risk for respiratory complications during bottle feedings. The purpose of this integrated review of literature was to compile evidence based nursing interventions to decrease respiratory distress during bottle feedings. Research findings were obtained through searches conducted in the CINAHL, Health Source, and MEDLINE databases. Results indicated that assessment of feeding readiness prior to the initiation of bottle-feeding was either lacking or inconsistent among neonatal units. Many hospitals lack protocols, failing to provide specific guidelines for the initiation of bottle-feeding with preterm infants. Feeding techniques such as external pacing, how the bottle was held, and oral support were statistically significant in positively influencing successful bottle-feeding. Because feeding criteria is limited and inconsistent, the risk of overlooking factors necessary for clinical decision-making to prevent respiratory distress is increased. Further research addressing the management of preterm infants during bottle feedings is needed to clarify which interventions are the most effective in preventing respiratory distress while promoting adequate nutritional intake.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (MPH) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The aim of the study was to assess breastfeeding practices of healthcare providers at level one hospitals in Capricorn District of Limpopo province. Methods: Five level one district hospitals within the Capricorn district of Limpopo province were the study sites. Two focus groups with members ranging from three to nine members were conducted. Two managers per hospital were interviewed. In both focus groups and in-depth interviews an audio tape recorder was used. This was transcribed and from the first transcription categories were developed. These formed a basis for data analysis, although the categories had undergone transformation as the analysis unfolded. Results: The study found that there are three practices that are adopted with regard to breastfeeding practices. Most employees choose to breastfeed as the first choice in baby feeding. Majority succeeded in breastfeeding their babies for sometime. There are those who feed their babies’ breast milk as the only source of milk during infancy. Others practice mixed feeding, where the baby is given breast milk and supplemented by formula. However, others fed their babies formula only. They indicate that this was not the initial choice in baby feeding. Conclusion: Healthcare providers have the same needs as the rest of the population with regard to breastfeeding and work. Their challenges are more work-related; which affect their decision whether to breastfeed or not to.

Narrow Neck Press and Blow (NNPB) process is used to produce light weight bottles. The gob of molten glass is delivered to the blank mold and a specially designed narrow diameter plunger is used to form the finish or mouth and the parison as it presses upwards. Invert and final blow takes place followed by take-out and annealing. Anchor Glass Container Corp. (AGC) uses NNPB technology in their glass making plants. The problem experienced by AGC in the process is that the heat dissipation through out the mold is not uniform and hence there is a non uniform temperature distribution in the finished bottle extracted from it. Specifically the shoulder region of the bottle stays at a higher temperature when compared with the other regions, becoming the limiting factor in determining the rate of bottle production. Excessive temperatures in any region leave the glass insufficiently rigid, allowing the bottle to sag or lean. An increased rate of production which demands faster and effective cooling of the bottle is desired and is the ultimate goal of this research effort. This problem can be effectively solved by increasing the amount of heat transferred from the mold to the cooling air, which can be done by increasing the surface area of the cooling passages. A mathematical model for calculating the amount of heat transferred to the cooling air is proposed in this thesis. The air properties at the exit of the mold and the amount of heat transferred by each cooling passage were obtained by using MATHCAD. A 2 dimensional numerical simulation for the final molding was carried out using ANSYS and the temperature distribution for the mold and glass were obtained.

Background To date, the vast majority of studies on infant feeding behavior of Chinese population have been conducted in Asian and some western countries but not the U.S. As the fastest growing Asian subgroup and with the largest Chinese community outside of Asia, studies that focus on their health choices in the U.S. are long overdue. Where studies are available, the overseas Chinese population is often regarded as high formula feeding and low breastfeeding. Chinese mothers often cite family, cultural, and social expectations as the determining factors for their choice of infant feeding. Given the cultural beliefs and traditions of Chinese immigrant population in the U.S., this study argues for the importance of including the input of the overall community, as opposed to only mothers, as a more data-based explanation of the prevalence of formula feeding among the Chinese community in New York City, and in addition, why this community continues to accept formula feeding as the norm. Methods Guided by Theory of Planned Behavior, this study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative components. A total of 434 surveys and 20 in-person interviews were collected in Chinese populated areas in New York City. Results In examining the prevalence of formula feeding in the Chinese community, both quantitative and qualitative findings consistently identified the central role friends and family played in motivating certain groups to use formula. These less acculturated, educated, and China-born subgroups are likely to conform to the idea that breast milk supplemented by infant formula is necessary in order to meet the nutritional demand of a growing infant. For the first-generation immigrants who breastfeed for health benefits and tradition, their attitudes towards infant feeding shifted after seeing other formula-fed children in populated Chinese communities as evident by shorter breastfeeding durations for the child born in the U.S. as compared to previous child born in China. As for the second-generation, who are more acculturated and educated, although they are aware of the benefits of breastfeeding and intend to breastfeed, they are expected by the older generation to continue the formula feeding tradition in the family. Conclusion When investigating why infant formula remained as the popular choice of feeding and is often perceived as the norm by this community, the current study identified the psychosocial variables that motivated individual subgroups and the context underlay. The findings provided new insights to the current literature and are intended to help guide future studies and to develop educational policy interventions to improve the overall infant feeding experiences for the Chinese community in New York City.