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Several obstacles to widespread use of bacteriocins in food have been identified, including lack of specific, rapid quantitation methods, and little data on their efficacy in food systems. The first objective of this study was to develop a specific, rapid quantitation method for bacteriocins that did not rely on bioassays and their associated limitations. Phage display was chosen to reduce reliance on continued use of animals and produce antibodies to the bacteriocins leucocin A, piscicolin 126, and brochocin-A. Although the antibody libraries generated by phage display were not successful for antibody production, a strong immune response to leucocin A and piscicolin 126 was observed in mice. The second objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of brochocin-C against Clostridium botulinum in a model system and in a vacuum-packaged, chopped and formed pork product stored at refrigeration temperature. Group I Cl. botulinum was not controlled by brochocin-C, and was found to inactivate brochocin-C and several class IIa bacteriocins by proteolysis. Cell counts revealed that Group II Cl. botulinum was controlled by brochocin-C in a model meat system, but was not controlled in the chopped and formed pork product. Powdered smoke and NaCl in the pork product had a synergistic interaction against Group II Cl. botulinum, as shown by minimum inhibitory concentration testing. The choice of media for isolation of Cl. botulinum from the chopped and formed pork product was important, as the presence of background microflora isolated from the meat was found to impact growth of Group II Cl. botulinum on plating media. In the presence of the background microflora, which were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as carnobacteria and staphylococci, inclusion of phosphate in the plating medium was found to allow growth of Cl. botulinum. Other nutrients such as magnesium, sulphur, or increased protein sources added to the medium had no effect on growth of Cl. botulinum. Two of the background microflora strains, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum MH3 and Staphylococcus pasteuri EIV-21, inhibited Cl. botulinum, while one strain, C. maltaromaticum MH2, stimulated growth of Cl. botulinum. / Food Science and Technology

Thesis (Ph.D. )- McMaster University, 2005. / " Health Research Methodology" Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003. / "A thesis submitted for degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Advanced Food Research, School of Science, Food & Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury campus, Richmond, Australia, January 2003" Bibliography: leaves 199-227.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ragazani_avf_dr_jabo.pdf: 399859 bytes, checksum: f93ad8981a9e4aaa051ed6bff03ccacc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Entre as espécies de Clostridium de importância em patologia animal, destaca-se o Clostridium perfringens, o Clostridium botulinum, o Clostridium chauvoei. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a presença de bactérias anaeróbias esporuladas (Clostridium sp), assim como, identificar as espécies de Clostridium patogênicos para a saúde animal, principalmente de bovinos, no solo de pastagem da micro-região de Jaboticabal, SP. Foram coletadas 250 amostras de solo e realizadas contagens de bactérias esporuladas do gênero Clostridium e identificação das espécies patogênicas presentes. Os resultados permitiram demonstrar a contagem de UFC de Closrtidium sp com média em log 10 igual a 2,79, sendo que os valores mínimo e máximo obtido foram 2,15 e 3,68 respectivamente. Para caracterização e identificação, os resultados permitiram identificar a presença de bactérias anaeróbias esporuladas em 233 amostras (93,2%), entre estas 180 eram do gênero Clostridium... / The species of Clostridium of major importance to animal pathology are Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, and C. chauvoei. Considering this, the objective of this research was to verify the presence of anareobic sporulate bacteria (Clostridium sp), and also identify the species of pathogenic Clostridium for the animal health, mostly to bovine, in pasture soil of Jaboticabal-SP. A total of 250 samples were collected and used to determine the number of sporulated bacteria from Clostridium genderand identify the pathogenic species present. The results demonstrated that the average number of CFU in log 10 of Closrtidium sp was 2,79, and the minimum and maximum values obtained were 2,15 and 3,68 respectively. After characterization and isolation and identification, the results showed the presence of 233 samples (93,2%) of sporulated bacteria, of these 180 were of Clostridium gender. The biochemical tests were identified in 42 samples, being 23 samples (9,2%) of Clostridium perfringens, 13 samples (5,2%) of Clostridium botulinum and 6 samples (2,4%) of C. chauvoei ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Introdução: A toxina botulínica tipo A é uma das principais modalidades de tratamento para pacientes com espasticidade. Uma nova preparações de toxina botulínica sorotipo tipo A, Prosigne®, foi lançada sugerindo ter a mesma eficácia que Botox®. No entanto, não há ensaios clínicos randomizados comparando essas formulações no tratamento da espasticidade. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia ea segurança do Prosigne® com Botox® no tratamento da espasticidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo duplo-cego, randomizado e cruzado com 57 pacientes com espasticidade clinicamente significativas. Os pacientes foram avaliados no início do estudo, 4 e 12 semanas após a injeção de Prosigne® ou Botox®. Resultados: Os principais resultados foram avaliados pelas mudanças na Escala de Ashworth Modificada (EAM), Medida de Independência Funcional MIF) e Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) e os efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso da toxina botulínica. Ambas as toxinas foram significativamente eficazes em diminuir o grau de espasticidade, em adultos e crianças. Não houveram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos Prosigne® e Botox® em relação aos escores MAS, e FIM PEDI. Da mesma forma, a incidência de efeitos adversos foi similar entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que Prosigne® e Botox® são comparáveis em relação a sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento de três meses da espasticidade. / Background: Botulinum toxin type A is one of the main treatment choices for patients with spasticity. Prosigne® a new released botulinum toxin serotype A may have the same effectiveness as Botox®. However, there are no randomized clinical trials comparing these formulations in spasticity treatment. Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Prosigne® with Botox® in the treatment of spasticity. Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, crossover study consisting of 57 patients with clinically meaningful spasticity. The patients were assessed at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after Prosigne® or Botox® administration. Results: The main outcomes were changes in the patients’ Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) scores and adverse effects related to the botulinum toxin. Both of the toxins were significantly effective in relieving the level of spasticity in adults and children. There were no significant differences found between the Prosigne® and Botox® treatments regarding their MAS, FIM and PEDI scores. Likewise, the incidence of adverse effects was similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Prosigne® and Botox® are both efficient and comparable with respect to their efficacy and safety for the three month treatment of spasticity.

Introdução: A toxina botulínica tipo A é uma das principais modalidades de tratamento para pacientes com espasticidade. Uma nova preparações de toxina botulínica sorotipo tipo A, Prosigne®, foi lançada sugerindo ter a mesma eficácia que Botox®. No entanto, não há ensaios clínicos randomizados comparando essas formulações no tratamento da espasticidade. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia ea segurança do Prosigne® com Botox® no tratamento da espasticidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo duplo-cego, randomizado e cruzado com 57 pacientes com espasticidade clinicamente significativas. Os pacientes foram avaliados no início do estudo, 4 e 12 semanas após a injeção de Prosigne® ou Botox®. Resultados: Os principais resultados foram avaliados pelas mudanças na Escala de Ashworth Modificada (EAM), Medida de Independência Funcional MIF) e Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) e os efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso da toxina botulínica. Ambas as toxinas foram significativamente eficazes em diminuir o grau de espasticidade, em adultos e crianças. Não houveram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos Prosigne® e Botox® em relação aos escores MAS, e FIM PEDI. Da mesma forma, a incidência de efeitos adversos foi similar entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que Prosigne® e Botox® são comparáveis em relação a sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento de três meses da espasticidade. / Background: Botulinum toxin type A is one of the main treatment choices for patients with spasticity. Prosigne® a new released botulinum toxin serotype A may have the same effectiveness as Botox®. However, there are no randomized clinical trials comparing these formulations in spasticity treatment. Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Prosigne® with Botox® in the treatment of spasticity. Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, crossover study consisting of 57 patients with clinically meaningful spasticity. The patients were assessed at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after Prosigne® or Botox® administration. Results: The main outcomes were changes in the patients’ Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) scores and adverse effects related to the botulinum toxin. Both of the toxins were significantly effective in relieving the level of spasticity in adults and children. There were no significant differences found between the Prosigne® and Botox® treatments regarding their MAS, FIM and PEDI scores. Likewise, the incidence of adverse effects was similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Prosigne® and Botox® are both efficient and comparable with respect to their efficacy and safety for the three month treatment of spasticity.

Les anticorps recombinants représentent une approche prometteuse pour améliorer le traitement et la prophylaxie des maladies causées par les armes biologiques. De tels anticorps peuvent être isolés à partir de primates non humains, dont l'immunisation est plus facile à concevoir et à réaliser que l'immunisation d'humains. Des chimpanzés (Pan troglodytes) et des macaques (Macaca mulatta et M. fascicularis) ont été utilisés pour de tels travaux, et notre analyse de séquences a démontré que l'utilisation de chimpanzés n'apporte pas d'avantage significatif malgré leur plus grande proximité phylogénétique avec l'Homme. La suite de ce travail a donc utilisé des macaques, plus facilement accessibles en France que les chimpanzés. Dans le cadre du projet européen AntiBotABE, des banques immunes exposées àla surface de phages ont été construites à partir de macaques (M. fascicularis) immunisés puis criblées, et des scFv neutralisant simultanément les toxines botuliques (BoNT) A1 et A2 en ciblant leurs chaines lourdes, et BoNT/E3 en ciblant sa chaine légère ont été isolés. D'autre part, un anticorps neutralisant de façon croisée la toxine létale et la toxine oedémateuse de Bacillus anthracis avait été précédemment isolé. Ses épitopes ont été localisés au cours de la présente thèse par une méthode tirant partie de cette réactivité croisée. Ils correspondent à la région [229-230]-[234-236] de la sous-unité LF (Lethal Factor) et à la région [229-230]-[234-236] de la sous-unité EF (Edema Factor). Le principe de cette localisation d'épitope pourrait être ré-employé pour localiser les épitopes des scFv neutralisant les BoNT. / Recombinant antibodies represent a promising approach to improve the treatment andprophylaxis of diseases caused by bioweapons. Such antibodies may be isolated from nonhumanprimates, whose immunization is much easier to conceive and realized thanimmunization of humans. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and macaques (Macaca mulattaand M. fascicularis, particularly) have been utilized for such purposes, and our sequenceanalysis has demonstrated that using chimpanzees does not bring a significant advantagedespite their closer phylogenetic proximity with humans. The rest of this thesis has thusutilized macaques, easier to access in France than chimpanzees. In the context of theEuropean AntiBotABE project, phage-displayed immune libraries have been constructed fromimmunized macaques (M. fascicularis) then screened, and scFv simultaneously neutralizingbotulinum toxins (BoNT) A1 and A2 by targeting their heavy chains, and BoNT/E3 bytargeting its light chain were isolated. On the other side, an antibody cross-neutralizing thelethal toxin and the edema toxin of Bacillus anthracis had been formerly isolated. Its epitopeshave been mapped in the course of the present thesis by a method taking advantage of itscross-reactivity. They correspond to the [229-230]-[234-236] region of LF (Lethal Factor)subunit and to the [229-230]-[234-236] region of EF (Edema Factor) subunit. The principle ofthis epitope mapping could be re-employed to map the epitopes of BoNT-neutralizing scFv.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mostachio_gq_me_jabo.pdf: 1253600 bytes, checksum: c1f946210aa85f9b2c8aa26f7af6e985 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) tem início no animal com um a dois anos de idade, sendo que 80% dos cães com cinco anos apresentam evidências histológicas de sua presença. A fisiopatologia da doença não está totalmente compreendida, no entanto, a diidrotestosterona é o principal hormônio envolvido. Recentemente, o efeito da toxina botulínica A (TB-A) foi investigado na próstata, mostrando que esta induz atrofia do parênquima e redução do volume. Como o cão é o único animal doméstico que apresenta esta alteração, este se apresenta como modelo experimental para novos estudos da HPB humana. Com base nisso, este estudo objetivou fornecer informações acerca dos efeitos da TB-A sobre a próstata, libido e qualidade do sêmen, comparando os dados com animais orquiectomizados. Para tanto, 18 cães adultos, com evidências ultra-sonográficas de HPB foram submetidos à castração ou administração de 250 ou 500 U de TB-A, e avaliados durante 16 semanas. A orquiectomia mostrou-se um excelente tratamento para a HPB, promovendo redução de 80% do volume prostático. Aplicação da TB-A não ocasionou alterações significativas na libido, ereção ou qualidade e características seminais. Efeitos locais e sistêmicos também não foram observados. Administração de 250 U da TB-A promoveu redução máxima de 9,4% do volume prostático, entretanto, tal redução não foi significativa. Por outro lado, a administração de 500 U de TB-A reduziu significamente as variáveis comprimento, altura e volume da próstata. Desta forma, o presente ensaio contribui de forma singular e inovadora para o conhecimento dos efeitos desta nova modalidade de tratamento na HPB canina. / Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) starts the development in animals aging about 1 – 2 years. 80% of 5 years-old dogs have histologic evidences of BPH. Despite the little knowledge concerning about this disease, dihydrotestosterone is the main involved hormone. Recently, the effect of botulinum toxin A (BT-A) on rat and human prostate was investigated, and prostatic parenchyma atrophy and decrease in glandular volume were observed. The dog is one of a few animals that can develop BPH spontaneously and is frequently used as an animal model for human prostatic hyperplasia. Based on that, this study aimed to provide information on BT-A effects on prostate, libido and semen quality, in comparison to orchiectomized dogs. For that, 18 adults dogs, with Ultrasonographic evidences of BPH were submitted to orchiectomy or administration of 250 or 500 U of BT-A, and evaluated along 16 weeks. Orchiectomy presented excellent results on BPH, reducing the prostate volume up to 80%. Administration of BT-A did not significantly interfered on libido, erection or semen characteristics. Local and systemic effects also were not observed. Administration of 250 U of BT-A has promoved a maximum decrease of 9,4% on prostatic volume. However, this reduction was not statistically significant. On the other hand, 500 U of BTA administration has shown to significantly reduce the length, height and volume of prostate. This way, the present study is an innovative and singular contribution for the knowledge of the effects of BT-A on canine prostate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA09MA137.pdf: 7646125 bytes, checksum: aa6f9bf26c4235333e8d6e22c4835a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-11 / The study was carried out through the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of botulism in cattle in the state of Santa Catarina, during the period from 1987 to 2008. The data were obtained through information from the files of the Department of Animal Pathology CAV/UDESC and in the properties which the disease continued to occur. In properties with the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency cattle, the animals were kept on native pastures, in most cases, located in the Planalto Serrano. The disease occurred mainly in the summer months, when cows with calf without mineral supplementation and that were not vaccinated against botulism. In the farms visited, there were several bones of corpses scattered in the pastures. Eight outbreaks of botulism were studied from 2006 to 2008, including seven cases related to phosphorus deficiency and osteophagia, and one case associated with oat pasture fertilized with incomplete decomposed carcasses of pigs and poultry. In all outbreaks clinical signs consisted of paresis, progressive paralysis and recumbency followed by death. At necropsy there were no lesions, but bone fragments were found mixed with the contents of the reticulum of two cattle. On histological examination, significant lesions were not observed. In the microbiological analisys performed in the samples collected from seven outbreaks C. botulinum was isolated. In the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency, botulinum toxin type C was detected from the intestinal contents of cattle and type D on samples collected from bone and soil. In the botulism associated with contamineted feed, was detected spores of C.botulinum type D isolated from samples of compost, soil and bones of carcasses scattered in the pasture. The diagnosis of botulism was established through the analysis of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with the detection of toxin present in outbreaks studied / O trabalho foi realizado através de estudo dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e laboratoriais do botulismo em bovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina, durante os anos de 1987 a 2008. Os dados foram adquiridos através de informações obtidas dos arquivos do Setor de Patologia Animal CAV/UDESC e nas propriedades em que a enfermidade continuou a ocorrer. Nas propriedades com botulismo associado à deficiência de fósforo, os bovinos eram mantidos em campos nativos, na maioria dos casos, localizados na região do Planalto Serrano. A doença manifestou-se principalmente nos meses de verão, em vacas com terneiro ao pé, sem suplementação mineral e que não eram vacinados contra botulismo. Nas propriedades visitadas foram observados inúmeros ossos de cadáveres espalhados nas pastagens. Oito surtos de botulismo foram acompanhados no período de 2006 a 2008, sendo sete deles relacionados à carência de fósforo e osteofagia e um associado à pastagem de aveia adubada com compostagem incompleta de carcaças de suínos e aves. Em todos os surtos os sinais clínicos consistiam em paresia, paralisia progressiva, decúbito seguido de morte. Á necropsia não foram evidenciadas lesões, porém fragmentos de ossos foram encontrados misturados ao conteúdo do retículo de dois bovinos. No exame histológico não foi observado lesões significativas. Na análise microbiológica das amostras coletadas de sete surtos foi isolado C. botulinum. No botulismo associado a deficiência de fósforo foi detectada toxina botulínica tipo C em conteúdo intestinal de um bovino e tipo D a partir de ossos e amostras de solo coletado. No botulismo associado a alimentos contaminados, foi detectados esporos do Clostridium botulinum tipo D nas amostras da compostagem, de solo e ossos das carcaças espalhadas na pastagem. O diagnóstico de botulismo foi estabelecido através da análise dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associado à detecção da toxina botulínica presente nos surtos acompanhados