Bank voles, grey-sided voles, and field voles had synchronous 3-4 year density cycles with variable amplitudes which averaged about 200-fold in each species. Cycles of vole predators (red fox and Tengmalm's owl), and their (foxes') alternative prey (mountain hare and forest grouse) lagged behind the vole cycles. The nomadic Tengmalm's owl responded with a very rapid and strong numerical increase to the initial cyclic summer increase of voles (the owl’s staple food). Owl breeding densities in the springs were highly correlated with vole supply in the previous autumns. This suggested that the number of breeding owls was largely determined in the autumn at the time of the owl's nomadic migrations, and that immigration was crucial for the rapid rise in owl numbers. The owl's numerical response was reinforced by the laying of earlier and larger clutches when food was plentiful. In addition, the owl has an early maturation at one year of age. The transition between subsequent vole cycles was characterized by a distinct shift in rate of change in numbers from low to high or markedly higher values in both summer and winter. Regulation increased progressively throughout the cycle since the rate of change decreased continuously in the summers. Moreover, there was a similar decrease of the rate of change in winter. Rate of change was delayed density-dependent. The delayed density-dependence had an 8 month time-lag in the summers and a 4 month time-lag in the winters relative to the density in previous autumns and springs, respectively. These findings suggest that vole cycles are likely to be generated by a time-lag mechanism. On theoretical grounds, it has been found that a delayed density- dependence of population growth rate with a 9 month time-lag caused stable limit cycles with a period between 3 and 4 years. Some mechanisms for the delayed density-dependence are suggested and discussed. The mechanisms are assumed to be related to remaining effects of vole populations past interactions with predators, food supplies, and/or diseases. Unlike the other voles, the bank vole had regular and distinct seasonal declines in density over winter. These declines are proposed to be due to predation, mainly by Tengmalm's owl. Supranivean foraging for epiphytic tree lichens and conifer seeds most likely explains why this species was frequently taken by the owl under snow-rich conditions. The alternative prey hypothesis predicts that a reduction of predator numbers should increase the number of alternative prey. Alternative prey should be less effectively synchronized to the vole cycle by predation at declining and low vole (main prey) densities; they may also lose their 3-4 year cyclicity. The appearance of sarcoptic mange among foxes in northern Sweden in the mid 1970s provided an opportunity to "test" these ideas, and these were found to be supported. In areas with highest mange infection rates, foxes declined markedly from the late 1970s to mid 1980s, whereas hare numbers rose rapidly and appeared non-cyclic. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1991, härtill 7 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Les fédérations sportives françaises se sont développées en dehors de toute intervention étatique. Elles disposaient alors de prérogatives propres en vue de l’organisation des compétitions de leur discipline sportive. Il découlait de leur statut associatif qu’elles étaient entièrement régies par le droit privé. Néanmoins, à partir d’une jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat de 1974 entérinant l’existence d’un service public délégué aux structures fédérales, le législateur consacrera progressivement le principe de l’octroi de leurs prérogatives par le ministère chargé des sports au travers de deux actes : l’agrément ministériel et la délégation de service public. Dès lors que la délivrance de ces actes est synonyme de pouvoirs reconnus aux fédérations par le droit étatique et que la délégation mène à la publicisation de leur régime juridique, cette étude a pour objet de dresser la teneur de cet encadrement des prérogatives fédérales. L’agrément et la délégation entraînent pour les fédérations bénéficiaires, diverses sujétions visant à encadrer leur fonctionnement et qui tendent à réduire leur autonomie. Il s’agit d’un encadrement de nature textuelle, contenu au sein de la législation. Bien que ces prescriptions légales se singularisent par leur application uniforme à l’égard de ces fédérations, l’attribution par le ministère des sports de leurs pouvoirs se révèle hétérogène. L’examen de cet encadrement ministériel, appréhendé notamment au travers de sa politique interventionniste à l’égard des disciplines de « boxes pieds poings », conduit à envisager ses incertitudes ainsi que les pistes d’une réforme de son cadre légal. / French sports federations have developed without any state intervention. They had their own prerogatives to organize competitions in their respective sporting discipline. By virtue of their association status, they were entirely governed by private law. However, following a decision taken in 1974 by the Board of State confirming the existence of a public service delegated to the federal structure, the legislation gradually devote the principle of granting their prerogatives by the Ministry of Sports through two acts: the ministerial approval and delegation of public service. Since the issuance of these acts is synonymous powers recognized federations by state law and that the delegation leads to publicize their legal status, this study aims to establish the content of the framework of federal prerogatives. The ministerial approval and the delegation lead for the federations beneficiaries, various constraints to supervise their operations and which tend to reduce their autonomy. It is about a frame of textual nature, contained within the legislation. Although these legal requirements are uniformly applicable to these federations, the attribution of their powers by the Sports Ministry is heterogeneous. The examination of this ministerial frame, apprehended notably through its interventionist policy towards disciplines of kickboxing, led to consider its uncertainties and the tracks of a reform of its legal framework.

This paper describes problems of eGovernment and proposes way to measure e-Government services. Described is the state of the Czech eGovernment in detail to selected projects and in international comparison. The description shows that the development is still ongoing, but in a much slower pace than in the electronically advanced countries. Main identified problem is inconsequent strategic management and resortism, which is constraining deployment of cross-resort projects. Based on the description of the current situation and on the international experiences, author offers specific recommendations to future development of the electronization of public administration in the Czech Republic. In response on management problems is in this paper proposed and tested methodology for measuring the effectiveness of e-Government services. This methodology is an objective procedure of measuring the effectiveness of e-services which is providing feedback for service providers. Testing of methodology evaluates three services from taxation agenda and highlights their weaknesses, including the proposal of corrective solutions.

Diploma work deals with current aspects of information systems in public administration. The thesis assesses impact of introduction of the data box system on effective communication in public administration and evaluates to what extend the data boxes are beneficial to citizens of this state. After definition of terms used in this field, first part of the work is focused on the e-Government project and its four pillars. Further, thesis evaluates effect of the e-Government project on reduction of administrative burden for businessmen and on the lives of citizens in the information society. The following part of the work highlights gaps in the legislation, which creates rules for the data box system and has got an immediate impact on the efficiency of their operation. The work also surveys effects of the data box system introduction on effective communication between state and local governments on the citizens of our country. Diploma work points out the problems of the data box system, analyses their causes and offers possible solutions.

This final thesis concerns the new building of mixed-use building in Zlin. It has two floors partly below ground level and two floors above ground. There are garages, cellar boxes and nonresidential spaces. There are offices and their hinterland and one flat in the 2nd floor. There are residental units in the 3rd and 4th floor. The building is designed in irregular shape. The roof is flat. There is the contact thermal insulation. There are designed gas boilers for heating. The supporting structure of the ceiling is monolithic concrete slab.

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are emerging as the most popular accelerator for many applications, powering the core of Machine Learning applications and many computing-intensive workloads. GPUs have typically been consideredas accelerators, with Central Processing Units (CPUs) in charge of the mainapplication logic, data movement, and network connectivity. In these architectures,input and output data of network-based GPU-accelerated application typically traverse the CPU, and the Operating System network stack multiple times, getting copied across the system main memory. These increase application latency and require expensive CPU cycles, reducing the power efficiency of systems, and increasing the overall response times. These inefficiencies become of higher importance in latency-bounded deployments, or with high throughput, where copy times could easily inflate the response time of modern GPUs. The main contribution of this dissertation is towards a GPU-centric network architecture, allowing GPUs to initiate network transfers without the intervention of CPUs. We focus on commodity hardware, using NVIDIA GPUs and Remote Direct Memory Access over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) to realize this architecture, removing the need of highly homogeneous clusters and ad-hoc designed network architecture, as it is required by many other similar approaches. By porting some rdma-core posting routines to GPU runtime, we can saturate a 100-Gbps link without any CPU cycle, reducing the overall system response time, while increasing the power efficiency and improving the application throughput.The second contribution concerns the analysis of Clockwork, a State-of-The-Art inference serving system, showing the limitations imposed by controller-centric, CPU-mediated architectures. We then propose an alternative architecture to this system based on an RDMA transport, and we study some performance gains that such a system would introduce. An integral component of an inference system is to account and track user flows,and distribute them across multiple worker nodes. Our third contribution aims to understand the challenges of Connection Tracking applications running at 100Gbps, in the context of a Stateful Load Balancer running on commodity hardware. / <p>QC 20240315</p>

In a fast paced and ever evolving industry where video games have become an important partof consumers' everyday life, game development can be tricky. The process of developmentcontains challenges that can either make or break a game. This study aims to shed some lighton the indie game development process, what challenges it has, how an independent video gamedeveloper would approach this process and to give the reader a greater understanding of whatbusiness models are used within the video game industry.To gather data a semi-structured interview was conducted with indie game developers so thatthey could give their perspective on the process of developing games, the challenges andbusiness models within video game industry. The data was then analyzed using the thematicanalysis approach to find themes and relate the results to what literature had to say about thearea.The conclusion of this study show that indie development usually starts with an idea, which isthen created into an early protype for testing purposes as well as to gather feedback whetherthis idea could become a fully-fledged game. The conclusion also shows that one challengewith using the free-to-play business model is the fact that many game companies have startedusing this specific business model, because of this there is more competition amongst gamesutilizing the business model.

This diploma thesis gives a proposal for a new Moravian wine center in the city center of Brno. Wine center is situated on the street Hlinka, where grapevines were planted in the Middle Ages. Demarcated land is narrow and elongated sloping towards to the south and connects the Yellow hills and the Brno Exhibition Centre. The main idea of this thesis is connect these two significant locations and offer the visitor a free passage along the entire length of the complex. Also main building Moravian Wine Centre reflects this fact and it expands the space of the street stalls and forms it into overgrown "arcade". The house is opened into this space - with glazed facade of the first two floors or with transmission into the rear wing. The main building consist of the cellar, where it is located wellness, winehouse, rentable wine boxes and tasting room connected with wine production. The rest of floors are designed for wine gallery, information center, reception, shop, restaurant, conference center and hotel. There is a café with roof terrace in the last floor. It offers a magnificent view into cityscape of Brno, Brno Exhibition Centre and the Yellow slope of the hill. There is designed a pond for relaxation in the courtyard. Nearby is situated Wine Institute building with facilities for making wine. In the second half of the land are located three blocks of luxury apartments in the middle of a vineyard. A leading construction is the most striking feature of the facade that reminds bougainvillea vines with vaulted arches wine cellars and attracts at first sight.