archives@tulane.edu / β-glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic T. maritima is a retaining family 1 glycohydrolase. The action of this enzyme has been examined against a series of synthesized phenyl glucosides to construct Brønsted plots. The plot of kcat vs pKa exhibits a concave down shape suggesting a change in the rate limiting step from glycosylation to de-glycosylation. Aglycones with pKa<8 show little dependence on leaving group ability, while the poorer substrates for kcat (βlg=-0.39) and all substrates for kcat/KM (βlg=-0.41) were found to depend on leaving group ability to a similar extent. This is consistent with glycosylation being the committed step in catalysis. Solvent kinetic isotope effect studies showed that activity on para nitrophenyl glucoside (pKa=7.15) was unaffected while phenyl glucoside (pKa=9.95) was cleaved more slowly in deuterium oxide (kL/kH=1.54). Solvent kinetic isotope effects saw little change between measurement at 25 and 60 °C. This work suggests a dissociative glycosylation transition state that is stabilized in part by proton donation and a de-glycosylation transition state that involves no proton transfer. / 1 / Ross Zaenglein

This PhD thesis project was concerned with the use of alkali metal amide Brønsted bases and alkali metal alkoxide Lewis bases in (asymmetric) catalysis. The first chapter deals with formal allylic C(sp3)–H bond activation of aromatic and functionalized alkenes for subsequent C–C and C–H bond formations. The second chapter is focused on C(sp3)–Si bond activation of fluorinated pro-nucleophiles in view of C–C bond formations. In the first chapter, a screening of various metal amides, hydrides, and alkyl reagents resulted in the observation that alkali metal amides were effective Brønsted bases to trigger allylic C(sp3)–H bond activation of aromatic alkenes at room temperature. Sodium hexamethyldisilazide was found to be most efficient compared with other s-, p-, d-, and fblock metal amides. This unique transition metal-free methodology was exploited to activate a variety of alkene pro-nucleophiles, which were shown to undergo γ-selective C–C bond formation with various aromatic aldimines as well as one aliphatic substrate. The corresponding homoallylic amine derivatives were obtained in high yields with excellent E:Z ratios. The reaction mechanism was investigated and attempts to detect and/or isolate key intermediates were undertaken. Importantly, it was shown that metal-free superbases of the Schwesinger or Verkade type were not apt to catalyse this challenging C–C bond formation. The asymmetric version of this rare sodium amide catalysis has been achieved by using a commercially available enantiopure bisoxazoline ligand (46% ee). Subsequently, the catalytic use of sodium and potassium amides was applied to the isomerization of terminal aromatic alkenes to generate the thermodynamically more stable internal olefins in excellent yields with high E:Z ratios. Furthermore, functionalized metalloid (B, Si) and metal-free alkenes were found to undergo alkali metal amide-triggered (chemoselective) allylic C(sp3)–H bond activation in view of isomerization and/or C–C bond formation with aldimines. In the second chapter, the catalytic C–Si bond activation of an important difluoromethylation reagent, HCF2SiMe3, was investigated. Here, alkali metal alkoxides were shown to be more effective Lewis base triggers than other metal alkoxides or metal-free superbases. This novel method was successfully used to transfer the nucleophilic difluoromethyl fragment to electrophiles such as a variety of amides and lactams, whereas unsaturated amides failed to undergo the intended conjugate C–C bond formation. In this context, it is noted that the α-hydrogen of certain amides was tolerated. This unprecedented catalytic difluoromethylation of unactivated carbonyl electrophiles was achieved using potassium tert-butoxide at room temperature, and the corresponding fluorinated ‘hemiaminal’ products were obtained in high yields.

Le but de ce travail de thèse est d’identifier les sites acides de Lewis se formant lors de la déshydratation des zéolithes. Pour cela nous avons appliqué une approche combinant la spectroscopie d’absorption de rayons X et infrarouge et la modélisation moléculaire. Le calcul utilisant la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité a montré que trois types de sites aluminium sont générés lors du processus de déshydroxylation : les aluminiums tri-coordinnés, les aluminiums tétraédriques distordus et les aluminiums tri-coordinés masqués.L’interprétation des spectres d’absorption de rayons X au seuil K de l’aluminium s’est faite via le calcul des densités d’états électroniques vides des sites générés. Nous avons montré que le pic apparaissant avant le seuil principal d’absorption est dû principalement aux sites tétraédriques distordus et aux sites tri-coordinnés masqués alors que les sites tri-coordinnés sont à l’origine d’un léger décrochement avant le seuil d’absorption. Les spectres infrarouge du monoxyde de carbone adsorbé sur les zéolites déshydratées à différentes températures ont montré la présence de deux acidités de Lewis. La modélisation des spectres infrarouge montre que l’acidité de Lewis modérée peut être attribuée aux aluminiums tri-coordinnés et tri-coordinnés masqués. L’acidité de Lewis plus forte pourrait provenir de sites silicium sous coordinnés se formant lors de la déshydroxylation. / The aim of this thesis is to identify the Lewis acid sites formed during the dehydration of zeolites. For this we applied an approach combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The calculation using density functional theory showed that three types of aluminum sites are generated during the dehydroxylation process: aluminum tri-coordinated, pseudo tri-coordinated aluminum and aluminum in a distorted tetrahedral environment. The interpretation of X-ray absorption spectra at the aluminum-K edge is done via the calculation of the empty density of states of the generated sites. We showed that the peak appearing before the main absorption edge is mainly due to distorted tetrahedral sites and pseudo tri- coordinated sites while the tri- coordinated sites are causing a slight feature before the above-mentioned pre-edge peak. The infrared spectra of carbon monoxide adsorbed on the zeolite treated at different temperatures showed the presence of two Lewis acidities. Modeling Infrared spectra shows that the moderate Lewis acidity can be attributed to tri-coordinated aluminum and pseudo tri-coordinated aluminum. The stronger Lewis acidity may come from silicon sites under-coordinated formed during the dehydroxylation.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T12:23:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropossadecastro.pdf: 5686031 bytes, checksum: 9e1207fe7ed0dbf820e7976d236128f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:30:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropossadecastro.pdf: 5686031 bytes, checksum: 9e1207fe7ed0dbf820e7976d236128f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropossadecastro.pdf: 5686031 bytes, checksum: 9e1207fe7ed0dbf820e7976d236128f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A síntese de aminoácidos biologicamente funcionais e pequenos peptídeos tem se mostrado uma área promissora da química orgânica. As azalactonas podem atuar como aminoácidos protegidos e serem utilizadas na síntese de derivados de aminoácidos e heterociclos complexos. Neste trabalho são descritas reações de abertura de azalactonas por aminoácidos catalisadas por um ácido de Brønsted, o (+/)-ácido canforsulfônico (ACS), resultando na formação de dipeptídeos. Os heterociclos azalactônicos foram preparados em duas etapas: uma acilação dos aminoácidos com cloreto de benzoíla em meio alcalino, levando aos N-benzoil aminoácidos com até 75% de rendimento, e uma reação de ciclização intramolecular mediada pelo EDC, um ativador de ácido carboxílico, culminando nas azalactonas desejadas em rendimentos que variaram de 8298%. As condições otimizadas para a reação para a formação dos dipeptídeos consistiram na utilização de 5 mol % de ácido canforsulfônico como catalisador, diclorometano como solvente, agitação e temperatura ambiente. Avaliou-se o escopo de reação variando as azalactonas utilizadas e também os aminoácidos empregados como nucleófilos. Os rendimentos foram de bons a excelentes (entre 66 e 99%) e mesmo o uso de aminoácidos e azalactonas mais impedidos do ponto de vista estéreo, como nos derivados de valina e leucina, forneceu os respectivos dipeptídeos em bons rendimentos. Os produtos foram caracterizados por RMN de 1H, 13C, DEPT135, IV e de EMAR. Foi demonstrada a possibilidade de ciclização intramolecular dos dipeptídeos obtidos utilizando-se EDC, resultando em uma nova azalactona de estrutura mais complexa. Finalmente, a substituição do grupo N-benzoil por terc-butil carbamato tornou possível a síntese de uma azalactona sem que houvesse epimerização do centro estereogênico alfa à carbonila, sendo realizada ainda a posterior abertura deste heterociclo pela octilamina. / The synthesis of biologically functional amino acids and small peptides has been a promising area of organic chemistry. The azlactones can act as protected amino acids and are used in the synthesis of amino acid derivatives and complex heterocycles. This work describes azlactones ring opening by amino acids catalyzed by a Brønsted acid, the (+/-)-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), resulting in the formation of dipeptides. The azlactone heterocycles were prepared in two steps: an acylation of the amino acid with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions leading to N-benzoyl amino acids with up to 75% yield, and an intramolecular cyclization reaction mediated by EDC, a carboxylic acid activator, affording the desired azlactones in yields ranging from 82-98%. The optimized conditions for the dipeptide formation reaction consisted of 5 mol % of camphorsulfonic acid as a catalyst, dichloromethane as solvent, stirring and at room temperature. The scope was evaluated varying the azlactones and the amino acids. Yields were satisfactory (ranging from 66 to 99%). Even the use of more sterically hindered amino acids and azlactones, such as valine and leucine derivatives, the dipeptides were obtained in good yields. The products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C, DEPT135, IR and HRMS. The possibility of an intramolecular cyclization of the dipeptides using EDC has been demonstrated, resulting in a more complex azlactone. Finally, the substitution of the N-benzoyl group by tert-butyl carbamate allowed the synthesis of an azalactone without epimerization of the stereogenic center alpha to the carbonyl, a subsequent opening of the heterocycle by octylamine was also performed.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T20:28:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 igorferreiradossantos.pdf: 5899067 bytes, checksum: ee9f2fb7503ba0bb5d33785c967912d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-11T13:27:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 igorferreiradossantos.pdf: 5899067 bytes, checksum: ee9f2fb7503ba0bb5d33785c967912d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 igorferreiradossantos.pdf: 5899067 bytes, checksum: ee9f2fb7503ba0bb5d33785c967912d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / A organocatálise é uma área que vem se destacando ano após ano e consiste em um processo no qual moléculas orgânicas de baixo peso molecular são capazes de catalisar reações orgânicas sem necessitar da presença de metal. Sua abordagem apresenta vantagens como: menor custo, baixa toxicidade e menor sensibilidade dos organocatalisadores à presença de oxigênio e umidade, além de condições reacionais mais brandas, ocorrendo em muitos casos a temperatura ambiente. O presente trabalho aborda a funcionalização de dipeptídeos através de uma abordagem organocatalítica através da utilização de um ácido de Brønsted, o ácido canforssulfônico (ACS) e de álcoois e aminas como nucleófilos. Nos últimos anos, os peptídeos têm emergido como moléculas de geral interesse devido ao seu grande poder biológico dentre outras funções. Os dipeptídeos foram preparados utilizandose o heterociclo azalactônico como intermediário. Azalactonas são heterociclos derivados de aminoácidos protegidos e foram preparados em duas etapas: uma N-acilação dos aminoácidos com cloreto de benzoíla em meio alcalino, levando aos N-benzoil aminoácidos com até 81% de rendimento e, subsequentemente, uma reação de ciclização intramolecular mediada por um ativador de ácido carboxílico, o EDC, conduzindo aos compostos desejados com rendimentos de 90 e 97%. Os dipeptídeos foram então preparados a partir da abertura das azalactonas por aminoácidos e deram origem, após nova ciclização mediada pelo EDC, a anéis azalactônicos mais complexos. Por fim, esses heterociclos mais complexos foram submetidos à condições otimizadas para a funcionalização dos dipeptídeos: 10 mol % de ACS como catalisador, diclorometano como solvente, agitação magnética, peneira molecular, atmosfera inerte e de 4 equivalentes do nucleófilo. Avaliou-se o escopo para diferentes azalactonas e diferentes nucleófilos obtendo bons a ótimos rendimentos, variando de 61 a 91%. Os produtos foram caracterizados por RMN de 1H, 13C, DEPT135, COSY, HMBC, IV e de EMAR. / Organocatalysis is an area that has been highlighting year after year and consists a process in which organic molecules of low molecular weight are able to catalyze organic reactions without the presence of metal. Their approach has advantages such as: low cost, low toxicity and less sensitivity of the organocatalysts at the presence of oxygen and moisture, in addition to milder reaction conditions, occurring in many cases at room temperature. The present work deals with the functionalization of dipeptides using an organocatalytic approach through the use of a Brønsted acid, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), and alcohols and amines as nucleophiles. In recent years, peptides have emerged as molecules of general interest due to their great biological power among other functions. The dipeptides are synthesized using azlactones as an intermediate. Azlactones are heterocycles derived from protected amino acids and were prepared in two steps: an N-acylation of amino acids with benzoyl chloride in alkaline solution, leading to N-benzoyl amino acids in up to 81% yield and subsequently, mediated an intramolecular cyclization reaction by a carboxylic acid activator, EDC, leading to the desired compounds in yields ranging from 90 to 97%. The dipeptides were then prepared from the opening of the azlactones by amino acids and gave rise, after a new cyclization reaction by EDC, to more complex azalactone rings. Finally, these more complex heterocycles were subjected to optimized conditions for the functionalization of the dipeptides: CSA 10 mol% as catalyst, dichloromethane as solvent, magnetic stirring, molecular sieve, inert atmosphere and 4 equivalents of nucleophile. The scope was evaluated for different azlactones and different nucleophiles, obtaining good yields, ranging from 61 to 91%. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT135, COSY, HMBC, IR and HRMS.

Yes / Improved synthetic conditions allow preparation of TMSCCl3 in good yield (70 %) and excellent purity. Compounds of the type NBu4X [X=Ph3SiF2 (TBAT), F (tetrabutylammonium fluoride, TBAF), OAc, Cl and Br] act as catalytic promoters for 1,4‐additions to a range of cyclic and acyclic nitroalkenes, in THF at 0–25 °C, typically in moderate to excellent yields (37–95 %). TBAT is the most effective promoter and bromide the least effective. Multinuclear NMR studies (1H, 19F, 13C and 29Si) under anaerobic conditions indicate that addition of TMSCCl3 to TBAT (both 0.13 M ) at −20 °C, in the absence of nitroalkene, leads immediately to mixtures of Me3SiF, Ph3SiF and NBu4CCl3. The latter is stable to at least 0 °C and does not add nitroalkene from −20 to 0 °C, even after extended periods. Nitroalkene, in the presence of TMSCCl3 (both 0.13 M at −20 °C), when treated with TBAT, leads to immediate formation of the 1,4‐addition product, suggesting the reaction proceeds via a transient [Me3Si(alkene)CCl3] species, in which (alkene) indicates an Si⋅⋅⋅O coordinated nitroalkene. The anaerobic catalytic chain is propagated through the kinetic nitronate anion resulting from 1,4 CCl3− addition to the nitroalkene. This is demonstrated by the fact that isolated NBu4[CH2=NO2] is an efficient promoter. Use of H2C=CH(CH2)2CH=CHNO2 in air affords radical‐derived bicyclic products arising from aerobic oxidation. / Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Grant EP/K000578/1.

Depuis les années 2000, le domaine de l’organocatalyse est en plein essor. Une vue d’ensemble des différents modes d’activation organocatalytique fera l’objet du premier chapitre. Malgré les avancées considérables faites dans l’activation par liaison covalente, particulièrement dans l’aminocatalyse par activation iminium, des progrès sont encore possibles au niveau de l’activité catalytique des organocatalyseurs. Une large partie du travail détaillé dans le deuxième chapitre concerne le design puis le développement de deux voies de synthèse permettant de préparer une nouvelle classe d’organocatalyseurs pour l’activation iminium ainsi que leurs tests d’activité catalytique. Enfin, le troisième chapitre est consacré à l’étude de réactions d’échange H/D organocatalysées par les carbènes N-hétérocycliques. / Since the begining of 2000, the field of organocatalysis has performed a lot of improvements. An overview of the different modes of activation of this field will constitute the first chapter. Despite the improvements in the domain of activation by covalent bond, specially for the iminium activation, some enhancements of the catalytic activity of organocatalysts are still possible. A major part of the work developped in the second chapter will be focused on the design then the synthesis of a new class of organocatalysts for iminium activation and their catalytic activity tests. Then the third chapter will be dedicated to the H/D exchange reactions organocatalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-08T16:30:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 eloahpereiraavila.pdf: 8676610 bytes, checksum: f7166b43a9edcd733b8fff274c40aab9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-09T11:54:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 eloahpereiraavila.pdf: 8676610 bytes, checksum: f7166b43a9edcd733b8fff274c40aab9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T11:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eloahpereiraavila.pdf: 8676610 bytes, checksum: f7166b43a9edcd733b8fff274c40aab9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho apresentamos a síntese de adutos de Michael obtidos pela reação diastereosseletiva entre azalactonas e enonas, catalisada por um ácido de Brønsted. A metodologia consistiu no emprego de um organocatalisador, no caso (+/-)ACS, que em apenas 7 mol% conduziu aos produtos de Michael em bons rendimentos (até 80%) e em alto controle da régio- e diastereosseletividade (apenas aduto de adição 1,4 e com rd > 20:1). Vários derivados azalactônicos e diversas enonas toleraram as condições dereação otimizadas, como por exemplo, azalactona contendo grupo volumoso forneceu o aduto de Michael em perfeito controle da estereoquímica relativa. Um ciclo catalítico para esta transformação foi proposto onde um intermediário par iônico seria responsável pela transferência de quiralidade, justificando aestereoquímica observada na etapa de formação de ligação C-C. Ressaltamos que a estereoquímica relativa foi determinada de forma inequívoca por cristalografia de raiosX. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, pelo nosso conhecimento, consistem noprimeiro exemplo onde um ácido de Brønsted catalisa uma reação de dessimetrizaçãoaltamente régio- e diastereosseletiva entre um derivado azalactônico e DBA. Ainda, além da formação de uma nova ligação σ C-C, dois centros estereogênicos estão sendo gerados e controlados, sendo um deles um centro não hidrogenado. / In this work the diastereoseletive synthesis of Michael adducts from azlactones andenones catalyzed by a Brønsted acid is presented. By using only 7 mol% of an organocatalyst, (+/-)-CSA, the corresponding Michael adducts were obtained in good yields (with up to 80%) and with high control of both regio- and diastereoselectivity (only 1,4 addition product was detected and with > 20:1 dr). Various azlactones and enones were well tolerated. For example, a steric bulk azlactone derivative gave the corresponding Michael adduct in perfect control of the relative stereochemistry. Based on the observed stereochemistry, a catalytic cycle for this transformationwas then proposed, in which an ion-pairing intermediate would be responsible for the chirality transfer in the new C-C bond formation. It is important mention that the relative stereochemistry was unambiguous determined by X-ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge this constitutes the first reported diastereoselective dessymetrization of DBA with azlactones catalyzed by a Brønsted acid. Besides the new C-C bond formation, two consecutive stereogenic centers are created, one of them a quaternary center.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T14:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianeantoniapereira.pdf: 4227832 bytes, checksum: c75e5a3802fd9faef6e64104b4d14e9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:26:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianeantoniapereira.pdf: 4227832 bytes, checksum: c75e5a3802fd9faef6e64104b4d14e9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:26:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianeantoniapereira.pdf: 4227832 bytes, checksum: c75e5a3802fd9faef6e64104b4d14e9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As azalactonas são basicamente aminoácidos protegidos que podem ser utilizados na síntese de produtos naturais ou sintéticos. Apesar de serem excelentes pró-nucleófilos, este esqueleto apresenta dois sítios eletrofílicos podendo se comportar como eletrófilo em reações com nucleófilos. Neste trabalho são descritas reações de abertura de azalactonas catalisadas por um ácido de Brønsted, o ácido canforssulfônico (ACS). Para esse fim, as azalactonas foram preparadas em duas etapas, sendo que a primeira consistiu na acilação dos aminoácidos com cloreto de benzoíla em meio alcalino levando aos precursores azalactônicos com até 75% de rendimento e subsequentemente uma reação de ciclização intramolecular mediada por um ativador de ácido carboxílico, o EDC, conduzindo aos compostos desejados com rendimentos que variaram de 8298%. As condições otimizadas para a reação de abertura de azalactonas consistiu no emprego de 10 mol % de ácido canforssulfônico como catalisador, diclorometano como solvente, sem agitação a temperatura ambiente. Avaliou-se o escopo para diversas azalactonas e também para diversos nucleófilos. Os rendimentos foram satisfatórios variando de 43-96%, onde mesmo utilizando substratos impedidos do ponto de vista estéreo, como é o caso do terc-butanol, conduziu ao produto de abertura com 57% de rendimento. Os produtos foram caracterizados por RMN de 1H, 13C, IV e EMAE. Após o preparo e caracterização, voltou-se a atenção para a compreensão do mecanismo de reação envolvido em reações de abertura de azalactonas por nucleófilos catalisadas por ACS. O estudo por ESI(+)-MS/MS evidenciou que o catalisador participa do ciclo catalítico protonando a azalactona em uma etapa anterior ao ataque do nucleófilo, contribuindo assim para diminuição da energia do sistema. / Azlactones are basically protected amino acids which can be used in the synthesis of natural and synthetic products. Despite of being excellent pro-nucleophiles, their structures have two electrophilic sites which could be involved in reactions in the presence of nucleophiles. In this work, azlactone ring opening reactions catalyzed by a Brønsted acid, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), are described. First we prepared azlactone rings in two steps, amidation using benzoyl chloride in basic conditions following by intramolecular ciclization using EDC. Azlactones were isolated with good to excellent yields (82-98%). The optimized reaction condition consists in the use of 10 mol% of camphorsulfonic acid as catalyst, dichloromethane as solvent, at room temperature without stirring. Next, the scope of various azlactones and nucleophiles were evaluated. Chemical yields were good to excellent, and even by using high sterically bulky substrates such as tert-butanol, leads to the product with a good yield (57%). All synthesized compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. Finally, we turned our attention to understand the reaction mechanism. The study by ESI-MS revealed the catalyst participates in the catalytic cycle as a proton donor in a previous step to nucleophilic attack, thereby contributing for a decreased energy system.

Le N-acétylcolchinol est un composé hémi-synthétique connu pour inhiber la polymérisation de la tubuline en microtubules. Il a montré une activité prometteuse en tant qu’agent ciblant la vascularisation tumorale, cependant, sa cardiotoxicité a conduit à l’arrêt des essais cliniques en phase I. Cette thèse porte sur la synthèse et l'évaluation biologique de nouveaux allocolchicinoïdes, composés analogues du N-acétylcolchinol. Dans un premier temps, une nouvelle voie de synthèse permettant l’accès, de façon racémique, au squelette dibenzoxépine de ces molécules a été mise au point. Elle comprend notamment trois étapes clés, un couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura, une addition de Grignard et une cyclodéshydratation effectuée en présence d’un acide de Brønsted. Par la suite, trois séries d’allocolchicinoïdes de structures variées, que ce soit au niveau du cycle médian oxépine ou des substituants présents sur les noyaux benzéniques, ont été synthétisées. L’activité sur tubuline de la plupart de ces molécules a été évaluée, ce qui a conduit à une rationalisation des relations structure-activité. / N-acetylcolchinol is a semi-synthetic inhibitor of the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules, that showed promising activity as vascular-disrupting agent. However, its toxicity evidenced in phase I clinical trials precluded its further development. This thesis describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of new allocolchicinoids, analogues of N-acetylcolchinol.A racemic synthesis of the dibenzoxepine framework of these compounds was first established. A Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, a Grignard addition and a Brønsted acid-mediated cyclodehydration constituted the key steps of the strategy. Then, three different series of dibenzoxepines have been synthesized, which differ by the nature of the substituent on the oxepine medium ring and on phenyl rings. These new dibenzoxepines were tested against the inhibition of microtubule assembly, leading to a structure-activity relationship study.