Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utforska olika sätt att spela in rörblad samt att modifiera mina klarinettrörblad, och utveckla en djupare förståelse för vilka metoder som fungerade bäst för mig. Målet var att kunna känna trygghet i mina rörblads förmåga att producera önskvärd klang, så att jag gav mig själv så bra förutsättningar som möjligt rörbladsmässigt inför framtida konserter. Projektet genomfördes under en 8 månaders period, september 2021 till maj 2022 och bestod av inspelning av 12 askar rörblad och modifiering av de rörblad som inte gav önskat resultat. För modifieringen användes främst Peter Hadcocks metoder, och då undersöktes hur bra dessa fungerade för mig. Resultatet visade att en metodisk inspelning gav mer långlivade rörblad som inte tappade kvalitet lika fort som kontrollrörbladen. Resultatet visade också att det fanns en relevant möjlighet till modifiering av de rörblad som inte var bra nog, så att de efter modifiering var bra nog att användas. Livslängden gick också att förlänga till viss del genom modifiering. / The purpose of this study was to explore different methods for breaking in and modifying clarinet reeds, and to develop a deeper understanding of which methods work best for me. The goal was to be able to feel security in the ability to produce the desired sound and timbre from my reeds, so that I could give myself the best conditions that were possible, reed wise, before future concerts. The project was carried out over an 8- month period, September 2021 to May 2022 and consisted of breaking in 12 boxes of reeds and modifying the ones that didn’t give the desired result. Peter Hadcock’s methods for modifying reeds were used during the study, and I investigated how well they work for me. A methodic break in process resulted in long-lived reeds that didn’t loose their quality as fast as the control group. The result also showed that there was a possibility to modify the undesired reeds to make them playable. The life expectancy of good reeds could also be extended through modification.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern. Its increasing development is seemingly due to the irresponsible use of antibiotics and their availability. To ensure the correct treatment of patients and avoid unnecessary strain on the individual and society as a whole, it is vital to ensure access to both new and old antibiotics where there is a distinct need. Temocillin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of febrile UTIs. It is currently unavailable in Sweden, although being well-established and proven effective in other European countries. Hence, this report aims to investigate the introduction of temocillin to the Swedish or Scandinavian market in regards to the economic, technical, medical, and regulatory possibilities and barriers. The research is based on literature, internet, and database reviews and empirical data collection through interviews with people of expertise within the fields of antibiotic resistance and concerned aspects. This study emphasizes the great potential of introducing temocillin to Sweden. The evident conclusion drawn is that a production of the antibiotic is not possible in Sweden in the near future. Despite this, an identified supply chain in Europe can enable a role for Sweden as a distribution country. Through a performed break-even analysis, the calculated break-even point and profit margins indicated a low risk of financial loss for a MAH acting as the supplier of temocillin, such as the company Eumedica S.A.. Only 1 % of the Swedish market would have to be covered to break even, and regardless of the estimated volumes of usage upon introduction being either 50 % or 25 % of the total medical need, a profit is likely. In addition, temocillin holds a great medical and social value. However, the obvious obstacle observed is its out-dated documentation. The dossier is of the wrong format, which complicates the regulatory procedure. Thus, this needs to be taken into consideration for an introduction to be possible.

No / The standard shallow water equations (SWEs) model is often considered to provide weak solutions to the dam-break flows due to its depth-averaged shock-capturing scheme assumptions. In this study, an improved SWEs model using a recently proposed Surface Gradient Upwind Method (SGUM) is used to compute dam-break flows in the presence of a triangular hump. The SGUM allows the SWEs model to stably and accurately reproduce the highly complex shock currents caused by the dam-break event, as it improves the treatment of SWEs numerical source terms, which is particularly crucial for simulating the wet/dry front interface of the dam-break flow. Besides, an Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) modeling technique is also employed in this study to compare with the performance of the SGUM-SWEs model. The SPH method is totally mesh free and thus it can efficiently track the large free surface deformation. The ISPH approach uses a strictly incompressible two-step semi-implicit solution method. By reproducing a documented experimental dam-break flow, it has demonstrated that both model simulation results gave good agreement with the experimental data at different measurement locations. However, the ISPH simulations showed a better prediction of the dam-break peak wave building-up time, where its superiority was demonstrated. Furthermore, the ISPH model could also predict more detailed flow surface profiles across the streamwise flow direction and the velocity and pressure structures.

Yes / The bed slope and the tailwater depth are two important ones among the factors that affect the propagation of the dam-break flood and Favre waves. Most previous studies have only focused on the macroscopic characteristics of the dam-break flows or Favre waves under the condition of horizontal bed, rather than the internal movement characteristics in sloped channel. The present study applies two numerical models, namely, large eddy simulation (LES) and shallow water equations (SWEs) models embedded in the CFD software package FLOW-3D to analyze the internal movement characteristics of the dam-break flows and Favre waves, such as water level, the velocity distribution, the fluid particles acceleration and the bed shear stress, under the different bed slopes and water depth ratios. The results under the conditions considered in this study show that there is a flow state transition in the flow evolution for the steep bed slope even in water depth ratio α = 0.1 (α is the ratio of the tailwater depth to the reservoir water depth). The flow state transition shows that the wavefront changes from a breaking state to undular. Such flow transition is not observed for the horizontal slope and mild bed slope. The existence of the Favre waves leads to a significant increase of the vertical velocity and the vertical acceleration. In this situation, the SWEs model has poor prediction. Analysis reveals that the variation of the maximum bed shear stress is affected by both the bed slope and tailwater depth. Under the same bed slope (e.g., S0 = 0.02), the maximum bed shear stress position develops downstream of the dam when α = 0.1, while it develops towards the end of the reservoir when α = 0.7. For the same water depth ratio (e.g., α = 0.7), the maximum bed shear stress position always locates within the reservoir at S0 = 0.02, while it appears in the downstream of the dam for S0 = 0 and 0.003 after the flow evolves for a while. The comparison between the numerical simulation and experimental measurements shows that the LES model can predict the internal movement characteristics with satisfactory accuracy. This study improves the understanding of the effect of both the bed slope and the tailwater depth on the internal movement characteristics of the dam-break flows and Favre waves, which also provides a valuable reference for determining the flood embankment height and designing the channel bed anti-scouring facility. / National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 51879179, 52079081), the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKHL1809) and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2019JDTD0007)

Yes / Based on the method of characteristics, an analytical solution for the one-dimensional shallow-water equations is developed to simulate the instantaneous dam-break flows propagating down a triangular wet bed channel in this study. The internal relationships between the hydraulic properties associated with the dam-break flow are investigated through the comparisons with the well-known analytical solutions for rectangular channels. Meanwhile, laboratory experiments are conducted in a prismatic, horizontal and smooth flume with a triangular cross-section. The non-intrusive digital image processing is applied for obtaining water surface profiles and stage hydrographs. Results show that the dam-break flow propagation depends on the dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio of initial tailwater depth over reservoir head. has significant effect on the dam-break wave in the downstream flooded area. For , the water surface profiles in the reservoir for different at a given time remains similar. For ≥ 0.5, extra negative waves occur in the reservoir, leading to the water surface undulations. Undular bores are generated at the dam site and propagate downstream. Time evolution of dam-break flows under three different reservoir heads is similar for the same . The inception of water surface profile change is earlier when the reservoir head is larger. The analytical model shows satisfactory agreement with the experimental results though some errors exist between the analytical solution and measurements due to the formation of extra negative waves, jet and undular bores. The similarities and discrepancies between the hydraulics in the triangular and rectangular channels are identified analytically in terms of the profiles of water depth, velocity, discharge, bore height and wave-front celerity with . The presented solution could be applied to predict the effect of wet bed condition on the dam-break wave in triangular channels, while laboratory measurement data could be used for validating analytical and numerical models. / National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 51879179), Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2019JDTD0007) and Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKHL1809)

Yes / Understanding of the characteristics of dam-break flows moving along a sloping wet bed can help to timely issue flood warning and risk mitigation. In this study, laboratory experiments are carried out in a large flume for a wide range of upstream water depth, bed slopes and tailwater depth. The water level is recorded and processed to calculate the mean velocity and wave celerity. Results show that the increase of the bed slope will significantly accelerate the wave-front celerity for the downstream dry bed, while the negative wave celerity will decrease. When water depth ratio α ≥ 0.3 (defined as the ratio of initial downstream water depth over the upstream water depth of dam), there are extra negative waves propagating towards the reservoir area after the flow has developed for a period of time. When α ≥ 0.6, there are the Favre waves propagating downstream. The water level and the mean velocity fluctuate due to the influence of the extra negative waves and the Favre waves. Such fluctuant frequency increases with the increase of the water depth ratio. The empirical formulas are obtained for the celerity of the first extra negative wave and the first downstream wave. The variation of wave-front height is very similar under three bed slopes investigated in this study, while the maximum wave-front height occurs when α = 0.2. The present study broadens the understanding of the effects of the bed slope and the tailwater level on the movement of the dam-break flows. Furthermore, experimental results are also compared with some analytical solutions. The validity of the assumptions made during the development of these analytical solutions and their limitations are discussed by comparing with the experimental measurements. / The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 51879179), the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKHL1809) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2019JDTD0007).

Tsunamis have caused severe damage to coastal communities and associated infrastructure over the past decades. Thus, researchers deemed necessary to investigate and better understand the mechanisms loading associated with tsunami waves and the inundation caused by them. Over the past few years, researchers have demonstrated that the dam-break waves are hydrodynamically similar to the onshore propagation of tsunami inundation; hence, dam-break waves are now widely used to investigate tsunami impacts. Various studies related to dam-break waves have been conducted to investigate their characteristics: the kinematic behavior, including free surface profiles, wave height, wave front velocity, and dynamics including the impact pressure and associated force. Most dam-break experiments have been conducted on a horizontal bed, in a tank or a flume, while few studies had employed sloped surfaces. However, natural and artificial beaches usually have slopes ranging from 0-degrees to 20-degrees (or more). In this study, downstream slopes are considered to investigate the influence of slope effects on the kinematic behaviors and associated hydrodynamic loadings due to dam-break waves. The Volume of Fluid method (VOF) code of the OpenFOAM and the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code of the DualSPHysics were applied to reproduce the results of physical tests and provide a comparison with the experimental results. First, existing boundary treatment methods in the SPH were studied and compared to a self-developed code in order to select the best performing method by checking the flow behaviors. In the second part of the thesis, experimental investigation of the impact of dam-break induced surges over a horizontal bed against a vertical wall was conducted by analysing the rapidly varying correlation between the wave height and the associated dynamic pressure. In the third part of this study, three different downstream slopes were added in the experimental setup to investigate the beach effects on the kinematics of dam-break flow, including the free surface profiles, wave height, wave front location and its velocity. In the last part, the impact dynamic pressure on the vertical straight wall from the horizontal and sloped cases were captured to investigate the slope effects on the hydrodynamic loading. The impact force integrated from the dynamic pressure was determined with a simplified calculation formula. In addition, the physical experiments were also reproduced by the numerical models of OpenFOAM and DualSPHysics to compare and investigate their accuracy and to analyze the differences between the physical tests and numerical simulations.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第24272号 / 生博第486号 / 新制||生||64(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 松本 智裕, 教授 高田 穣, 教授 原田 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cancrinite specimens from Ontario were studied. Chemical and thermogravimetric analyses were made. Non-Bragg reflections were observed in x-ray photographs. These reflections have the same symmetry as the main lattice reflections, but the intensities, abundance and the relative positions of them with respect to the main lattice reflections are different from one specimen to another. In the heated specimens, the superstructure reflections decrease in intensities, shift in position and are streaked in a direction parallel to the a*-axis on the a* c* reciprocal lattice plane. Phase changes in the heated cancrinites show that the sodalite group of minerals occur as transitional phases in the cancrinite break down reactions. It is shown that the non-Bragg reflections are very similar to the main lattice reflections. There is a probable relation between the non-Bragg reflections in cancrinite and the sodalite group of minerals. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No abstract available