Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that occurs when T lymphocyte cells attack and destroy beta cells in the pancreas.1 The cause of T1D is considered to be a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental or lifestyle risk factors. Early introduction of diet is thought to play a role in the development of T1D as it is less common in people who were breastfed and who were introduced to solid foods at later ages. The protection that breastfeeding can offer against the development of childhood obesity and T1D in children at risk for T1D is unknown and may be related to many different factors. The purpose of this project is to review the literature on the association between infant diet, including breastfeeding and complementary foods, and the development of obesity and T1D. This information will be used to prepare a secondary analysis proposal to examine the association between length of exclusive breastfeeding and obesity risk in children at risk for T1D for submission to the Presentations and Publications Committee of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to inform nursing practice and clinical interventions that support breastfeeding among mothers <24 years of age who resided in a maternity shelter. Methods: Nine young mothers aged 17 to 24, who had initiated breastfeeding, and resided at a maternity shelter, participated in individual semi-structured interviews. This qualitative study was conducted using interpretive description methodology and inductive content analysis. Findings: These young mothers took ownership of their choice to breastfeed and found empowerment in this choice and practice. The institutional and social environments that young mothers experienced were critical to their breastfeeding success. Hospital postpartum nurses had a critical role in the establishment of early breastfeeding by providing a combination of practical hands-on and emotional support to the multifaceted needs of these mothers. Ongoing, accessible, and non-judgemental peer, family, and community support were important to breastfeeding initiation and duration. Conclusion: A combination of emotional and practical supports from multifaceted trusted sources, including professional and peer supports on an ongoing basis are crucial to young at-risk mothers reaching their breastfeeding goals. Implications for clinical practice: Nurses need to focus dually on the practical aspects of breastfeeding while establishing strong therapeutic relationships with this population to successfully provide breastfeeding supports. A combination of accessible and trusted long term professional and peer supports is a key element to designing future breastfeeding support and promotion programs for this population.

In 2009, the Indonesian government passed a breastfeeding law to address the problem of malnutrition, infant mortality and mortality of children under five years old. The law mandated mothers to breastfeed their babies exclusively for the first six months of their lives and continue for two years, except in cases where medical problems prevent mothers from breastfeeding. I aim to tease out women’s experience of breastfeeding in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, five years after the law was passed. Ultimately, I am interested in understanding how do women's breastfeeding experiences embody different forms of authority. I drew upon data from ethnographic fieldwork that was carried out from June 2013 until October 2014. I argue that the breastfeeding law is remote and distant from the everyday breastfeeding practices and experiences of the women and their families. The women who take part in the study neither draw on the law nor public health as forms of authority to shape their breastfeeding experiences. Rather the women draw on their Islamic faith, families, personal experiences, finance, work and media to shape their breastfeeding experience

Arguing that current discourse surrounding breastfeeding and the lactating body promotes management of the female body, I attempt to devise an explanation of the breastfeeding apparatus and its strategies. In this study, the strategies include visual and linguistic representations of breastfeeding through art, promotional materials for advertisement and recommendations from the medical community, and the language used in the legal protection of breastfeeding. Using a rhetorical lens, I explore how these varied junctions operate within the breastfeeding apparatus and how breastfeeding is both a product of and a product in the technology. I seek to find what else is at work and how breastfeeding functions as a discursive element in its own right, allowing it to function as an apparatus for control. Finally, I question the potential for resistance in breastfeeding, asking if the lactating body has options, or is the subject so policed and managed that decisions are dictated by the breastfeeding apparatus.

Title: Assessing Resident Physician Knowledge about Breastfeeding Medicine in a Rural Family Medicine Clinic Authors: Samantha Jensen, MD and Amanda Stoltz, MD, Bristol Family Medicine Residency Program, Department of Family Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Introduction: Many residents and faculty encourage the long-term goal of breastfeeding, and our residency program provides extensive training in obstetrics and newborn nursery. However, there is little structure and direct guidance for breastfeeding medicine already built in to the family medicine residency training. We aimed to develop a dedicated breastfeeding medicine longitudinal curriculum to improve the effectiveness of family medicine physician residents as teachers and advocates by improving residents’ fund of knowledge, provide structure for encouraging breastfeeding at prenatal visits, and incorporate breastfeeding into our family medicine practice by improving the on-site locations for breastfeeding and pumping. Method: The method of research was pre-lecture and post-lecture surveys comprised of 15 questions, including knowledge-based questions, assessment of confidence level, and a question on perceived barriers to breastfeeding. Participants attending two educational sessions during the study, and additional educational sessions have continued after study conclusion. The post-lecture survey was completed 12 weeks after first lecture. Lecture topics included an overview of breastfeeding medicine, how to encourage breastfeeding at prenatal appointments, contraindications, maternal nutritional supplements, formula supplementation, galatogogues, and the storage of breastmilk. Results: Results were compiled from the responses of 20 pretests and 9 posttest surveys. Results showed an increase in correct responses to the knowledge portion 61.15% pretest versus 77.69% posttest (t(28) 3.41, p<0.01). Resident physician confidence also increased by the conclusion of the study (t=28, p<.01). Conclusions: It can be concluded that educational lectures increase knowledge and confidence in resident physicians with regards to breastfeeding medicine. Areas for future study include specific research focusing on methods to increase access to resources for breastfeeding mothers.

Introduktion: Det finns många fördelar med amning både för barnet och mammansamt att bröstmjölken är färdig i en behändig förpackning och innehåller allanäringsämnen som barnet behöver. Trots detta har en minskning av amningsfrekvensensetts de senaste åren. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva mammors upplevelser avamningsstöd efter födsel och hur det påverkar amningen. Metod: En systematisklitteraturstudie grundad på 15 artiklar som söktes fram genom databaserna CINAHL,PubMed och PsykInfo. Urvalet genomfördes med hjälp av Polit &amp; Becks niostegsflödesschema och dataanalysen genomfördes enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligtLundman och Hällgren-Granheim. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Stödvid amning och hindrande faktorer som påverkade amningen. Slutsats: Stöd från bådeanhöriga och sjukvårdspersonal spelade en stor roll när mamman skulle börja, fortsättaeller sluta amma. Information om både fördelar och nackdelar med amning önskadesav mammorna för att de skulle kunna förbereda sig och lättare kunna bemästra deutmaningar som kunde uppstå.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was difficult for mothers in Ontario to obtain the breastfeeding support they required due to pressure on the healthcare system, social restrictions, and redeployment of healthcare professionals from perinatal services to the pandemic response (Canadian Institute for Health Information [CIHI], 2022; Jack et al., 2021; Rudrum, 2021). The purpose of this interpretive description study was to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon first-time mothers' experiences and perceptions of breastfeeding support in Ontario, Canada. Eligible participants were recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling. Thirteen one-on-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted using a video-conferencing software. One over-arching theme, on their own, and three major themes were identified by the researchers. The first theme, lack of support, is broken down into subthemes lack of practical support, lack of informational support, lack of social support and lack of emotional and esteem-building support. The second theme, figuring it out, is further categorized into the subthemes understanding, taking risks, and motivation and resourcefulness. The third theme, emotional hardships, is broken down into two sub-themes, isolation and it was difficult. The findings from this study have implications for nursing practice, policy, and research, that support the need for more effective pandemic preparedness from the province, including, consistent access to formal and informal breastfeeding support services.

No description available.

No description available.

Through stable isotope analysis of human tooth dentine, this thesis investigates breastfeeding and weaning patterns in relation to rickets in a sample of sub-adults (n=12) interred in the nineteenth century sub-adult cemetery located at the Church of the Trinitarias in Madrid, Spain. The main objectives of this research are to create early life feeding histories for each individual using dentine serial sectioning techniques and apply these histories to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding, weaning, and vitamin D deficiency. The early life feeding histories allows for the determination of the onset and complete age of weaning at an individual level. These stable isotope data are then used to estimate general trends in breastfeeding and weaning practices in nineteenth century Spain. The results of this study indicate that the onset age of weaning for most of the individuals in this sample was between 10 and 14 months of age. The age at which breastmilk consumption stopped entirely was more difficult to estimate, however, in individuals that did show evidence of completed weaning, it was estimated to occur around the age of three. These ages are slightly higher than those discussed in historical sources for nineteenth century Spain. When these results are compared to contemporaneous, more industrialized, European countries the comparison shows that the initialization of weaning occurred slightly later and was a more gradual process in this Spanish sample. The results also demonstrate that there is no direct relationship between weaning patterns and the occurrence of skeletal vitamin D deficiency. It may be that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is linked with the nuances of breastfeeding and other biocultural variables, such as a lack of sun exposure, an inadequate weaning diet, or childcare practices. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)