<p> The Rotoiti Breccia Formation is a pyroclastic flow deposit located at the northern end of the Taupo volcanic zone, North Island New Zealand. It was formed by a fairly low energy subaerial eruption and subsequent flowage, which restricted it to the topographic low between two older ignimbrites.</p> <p> Samples from proximal, medial and distal areas of the flow were examined to determine changes in grain size and particle type distribution as the flow progressed. It was found that on the whole, the flow was very homogenous. However, some initial turbulence at the very beginning of the flow has produced a bimodal grain size distribution presumably due to increased mechanical breakage. A much more prominant crystal population was found in the distal areas of the flow due to rounding of pumice grains and the elutriation of the resultant fines.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

<p> A detailed section of the Duck Cove Member (Nadon, 1981) of the Triassic Lepreau Formation of Southern New Brunswick is measured.</p> <p> The section consists of a complex sequence of conglomerates and sandstones with a minor occurrence of mudstones and breccia. A description of the facies is provided and an interpretation is based on observations of ancient and marine braided stream deposits of Miall (1978) and Allen (1983). The Markov chain analysis is used to describe the vertical succession of facies.</p> <p> Paleoflow indicators suggest a flow towards the south or southeast. However this conclusion is based on limited availability of data.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Dentro de la historia del arte, el cómic, tiene un lugar excesivamente pobre, no solo por su juventud (posee un poco más de cien años desde su creación), sino por la marginalidad en que lo han catalogado y lo ubicaron la mayoría de los entendidos en el arte. Si bien en los últimos tiempos, el cómic, ha obtenido algún reconocimiento mayor, su valoración sigue siendo mala, por debajo de su presunto valor artístico, plástico y técnico. Seguramente su masividad y falta de calidad en la impresión ha ayudado a marginarle. Alberto Breccia, uno de los maestros de la historia del cómic nos acercará, a la máxima expresión artística y expresiva que este medio puede llegar a dar, llevándonos a la disyuntiva entre el arte y el éxito comercial que fue su problemática de vida. No dudó en utilizar los conceptos y técnicas más vanguardistas en el arte de su tiempo, enriqueciéndolas y adaptándolas a su medio de expresión, el cómic. Su vínculo con la imagen lo llevo a buscar la máxima expresión visual; esto lo llevo repetidas veces a una marginalidad e incomprensión del espectador y los editores. Las técnicas de impresiones gráficas modernas le dieron nuevas aperturas, posibilidades multiplicadas más allá de lo puramente lineal. El lenguaje visual utilizado por Breccia, totalmente innovador, ha sido uno de los motivos de este trabajo dedicado a analizar su obra, sus etapas evolutivas, su metodología plástica y compositiva, en primer lugar, no solo quedándome con lo estrictamente técnico, sino también puntualizando los aspectos personales, históricos y políticos que circundaron su persona. Esta tesis doctoral recopila, muestra y analizar la extensa obra de Alberto Breccia. Un realizador de historietas que impuso con nuevos medios y nuevos recursos y una obra innovadora que pudo encontrar vías antes no imaginadas para el discurso político. / Fellinger, CM. (2012). Alberto Breccia. La pulsión de un ideario [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15177

Rocks of the Morenci-Metcalf district consist of Precambrian metaquartzite-schist, granodiorite, and granite overlain by Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments. Intrusion of igneous rocks, emplacement of breccia masses, and associated hydrothermal activity occurred in Laramide time. Breccias of the district are associated with the youngest sialic intrusive complex. This sequence includes intrusion of the Older Granite Porphyry stock, main stage district hydrothermal alteration, quartz veining, breccia formation, main stage district hydrothermal mineralization, and intrusion of the Younger Granite Porphyry plug. Breccia formation in the Morenci-Metcalf district is similar to breccia descriptions reported in the literature for other porphyry copper deposits. Three breccia types, of separate and distinct origins, are herein described as the Morenci, Metcalf and King, and Candelaria Breccias. The Morenci Breccia is an intrusion breccia that has formed along a pre-existing structural feature during the ascent and emplacement of the Older Granite Porphyry stock. It exhibits an oblate lenticular shape with angular to subrounded fragments in a matrix of quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, and minor rock flour. The Metcalf-King Breccias and numerous smaller breccia masses are the remnants of an original Older Granite Porphyry mantle above the ascending Younger Granite Porphyry complex. The breccia masses occur as large 'xenoliths' floating within the Younger Granite Porphyry plug and were formed by surging and collapse during emplacement of this intrusive. Fragments in the Metcalf and King Breccias grade from angular in the central core to rounded at the contacts and occur in a matrix of sericite, K- feldspar, quartz, and rock flour. The Candelaria Breccia is an explosion pipe and is the largest continuous breccia mass in the district. It is oval with an inverted cone appearance consisting of angular to subangular equidimensional fragments in a matrix of sericite, quartz, specularite, and rock flour. All the breccia masses occur within and subsequent to the district phyllic (quartz-sericite-pyrite) alteration zone. Main stage district copper mineralization postdates emplacement of the Older Granite Porphyry stock and breccia formation, and is prior to the intrusion of the Younger Granite Porphyry plug. Late stage quartz-sericite-pyrite-chalcopyrite veinlets occur in the Metcalf-King Breccia group. Field mapping and laboratory studies indicate that the Older Granite Porphyry stock appears to have been the main district mineralizer.

In the Colossal Cave area, Pima County, Arizona, massive blocks of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks have been thrust from a southerly direction over an irregular surface of Rincon Valley granite of Laramide age. The Paleozoic rocks involved in the thrusting are the Bolsa quartzite, Abrigo formation, Martin limestone, Escabrosa limestone, Horquilla limestone, and Andrada formation. The Pantano formation (Miocene ?) is also present under the thrust sheet. The thrusting is of an imbricate nature with slip-page mainly teaking place along incompetent rock units. Large folds occur in the Escabrosa limestone and Horquilla lime-stone. A siliceous breccia is associated with thrust planes in the area. The competent units of the Paleozoic sediments were fractured and brecciated along the thrust planes. Solutions dissolved part of the silica and hematite from the Bolsa quartzite and deposited it in the fractured and brecciated zones.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des pistes pour une théorie visuelle de la bande dessinée à travers l’analyse de l’œuvre transpositive du dessinateur argentin Alberto Breccia. Étudier cet aspect de son œuvre constitue à notre sens le meilleur point de départ pour une étude focalisé sur la vertu plastique de la bande dessinée, le plastique dans l’image étant associé avec les matériaux et les procédés de celle-ci. La bande dessinée transpositive, regroupant les bandes dessinées qui adaptent des textes littéraires ou autres objets culturels, existe au moins depuis la naissance de cet art. Dans la pratique de la transposition l’œuvre transposée se réclame d’un lien direct et explicite avec un ou plusieurs textes ou récits antécédents. Toutefois, la transposition est un phénomène plus large que le simple passage d’une histoire d’un texte- source à une mise en image linéaire par une bande dessinée. Il existe, en effet, toute une dimension d’analyses qui concernent la dimension thématique et narrative ainsi que la dimension formelle, plastique, visuelle des procédés et modes de représentation. C’est ce dernier aspect qui nous occupe dans nos analyses car il nous semble que Breccia est l’un des premiers dessinateurs à explorer à l’occasion de ses transpositions littéraires toute une gamme de moyens nouveaux en bande dessinée. Cela n’est pas un hasard, car les transpositions que Breccia sélectionne l’amènent justement à explore les limites entre figuratif et informel. Il est l’un des premiers à ouvrir la bande dessinée sur des préoccupations plastiques nouvelles, qui sortent du cadre de la lisibilité et de la reconnaissance immédiate de ses premières planches plus illustratives. / In this thesis some clues for a visual theory of comics is proposed relying on the analysis of Argentinian transpositive comics artist’s work, Alberto Breccia. The transpositive aspect of his work is an excellent starting point for an investigation focused on the plastic virtue of comics, which is associated to its materials and processes. Transpositive comics adapt literary texts or other cultural objects, and they have been around at least since the beginning of the art form itself. In the practice of transposition, the transposed work claims a direct and explicit link with one or more background texts or stories. However, transposition is a broader phenomenon than the mere passage from a story, or a source-text, to a linear image set up in the form of comics. There is, indeed, a whole dimension of analysis that concerns the thematic and narrative dimension, as well as the formal, plastic and visual dimensions, processes and modes of representation. The latter aspect will be the focus of the present analysis, because Breccia seems to be one of the first comic artists to explore a range of new ways of representation in comics, using literary transpositions. This is no coincidence, since the transpositions selected by Breccia lead him to explore precisely the boundaries between figurative and informal. He is one of the first artists to open comics to new plastic concerns, which go beyond the readability and the immediate recognition of his first more illustrative comics.

Primitive magmas can provide important details about the mantle from which they are derived. In this thesis, petrographic observations and new mineral chemistry analyses of the Sälskär breccia from the Alnö alkaline complex, central Sweden, are reported. The rock is a volcanic breccia in which three main constituents were identified: spheroidal melilititic lapilli, angular sövite fragments and a carbonatedominated matrix. The mineralogy of the juvenile lapilli (i.e., with olivine, phlogopite, diopside, titanomagnetite, Cr-spinel, monticellite, perovskite, apatite and calcite) are consistent with what is expected to form by small degrees of partial melting of a volatile-rich, metasomatized, mantle source (indicated by the presence of phlogopite and primary calcite). The melilititic lapilli are frequently cored by a large crystal of olivine or phlogopite with concentrically aligned lath-shaped pseudomorphs after melilitite. During ascent the melilititic magma entrained mantle debris and traveled rapidly through the crust without significant fractionation.  The pyroclast textures indicate an explosive eruption, similar to those that produce pelletal lapilli in kimberlite-type volcanism. The sövite fragments and carbonate-dominated matrix were explosively fragmented during the eruption, which also dispersed the melilite mineralogy throughout the matrix. During the eruption a diatreme formed of within the uppermost 1.5 kilometers of the crust. A mismatch between the model of diatreme formation and a previous erosional model of the area leads to the conclusion that the Sälskär diatreme is either: (i) very deep, or (ii) that the diatreme volcanism took place significantly later than the rest of the complex / Primitiva magmor kan ge viktiga detaljer om manteln som de härstammar ifrån. I denna avhandling redovisas petrografiska observationer och nya mineralkemiska analyser av Sälskärsbreccian från Alnö alkalina område, Mellansverige. Bergarten är en vulkanisk breccia där tre huvudbeståndsdelar identifierades: sfäroidala melilitiska lapilli, kantiga sövitfragment och en karbonatdominerad matrix. Mineralogin hos de juvenila lapilli (dvs med olivin, flogopit, diopsid, titanomagnetit, Cr-spinel, monticellit, perovskit, apatit och kalcit) överensstämmer med vad som förväntas att det bildas av små grader av partiell smältning av en volatilrik, metasomatiserad, mantelkälla (indikeras av närvaron av flogopit och primär kalcit). De melilitiska lapilli är ofta kärnade av en stor kristall av olivin eller flogopit med koncentriskt riktade list-formade pseudomorfer efter melilitit. Under uppstigningen tog den melilitiska magman med sig mantelfragment och färdades snabbt genom skorpan utan betydande fraktionering. Pyroklastexturer indikerar ett explosivt utbrott, liknande de som producerar pelletala lapilli i kimberlitvulkansim. Sövitfragmenten och den karbonatdominerade matrixen fragmenterades explosivt under utbrottet, vilket också spred melilit mineralogin genom matrixen. Under utbrottet bildades en diatrem i de översta 1,5 kilometerna av skorpan. Detta betyder att modellen för diatrem-bildning och den tidigare erosionsmodellen av området inte överensstämmer. Detta leder till slutsatsen att Sälskärsdiatremen är antingen: (i) mycket djup, eller (ii) att diatrem-vulkanismen ägde rum betydligt senare än den sopm bildade resten av området.

No description available.

The West Elk Breccia has been studied since the late 1800’s with many interpretations regarding its origin. One unrecognized possibility is that parts of it are debris-avalanche deposits. This study has recognized evidence for this interpretation at three scales: volcano scale, outcrop scale, and intra-outcrop scale. At the volcano scale, a scarp in the old volcano reveals underlying Mesozoic bedrock, suggesting sector collapse. At the outcrop scale, megablocks of the original edifice, up to hundreds of meters in length, have atypical orientations and are surrounded by a gravel matrix. At the intra-outcrop scale, jigsaw-fit fracturing and rip-up clasts are common in distal deposits, which are documented in analogous debris-avalanche deposits. Similar to the debris-avalanche deposit at Mt. Shasta, medial-to-distal-matrix volcaniclast content decreases by 23%; Paleozoic and Mesozoic clasts increase by 5%; and the size of megablocks decreases. The geochemical and petrographic signatures reveal breccia blocks composed of pyroxene-andesite, a more silicic matrix facies, and the andesitic-to-dacitic East Elk Creek Tuff, all compositions that corroborate previous work on this northern extension of the San Juan volcanic field. Measured sections in the 100-km² study area allow for an estimation of total formation volume of approximately 8.5 km3.

No description available.