The kontent of the diploma thesis is processing of project documentation for administrative building in Hodonín, first done as a feasibiity study and then as a pilot project. The object is standalone, with free floors. The work also comprises the thermal technical assessment chosen constructions, the fire protection report, the accompanying report, the summary technical report and the technical report. The building is designed with traditional building materials – KM Beta. Encosure is designed as single-layer flat roof.

The aim of this thesis is the design and documentation for new construction nursery Schools and the associated layout object. Proposal of appropriate structural system with regard to static and thermal technical part . Kindergarten is designed as an object used for the education of preschool children 4 to 6 years . Kindergarten 4 classes with a total capacity of 72 children. The building has two floors which looks like a cross, without a basement. The main entrance to the building is located on the south side of the building . The main living rooms are situated to the southeast to the southwest. The structural system is build of limestone, concrete partially formed column , base and die . The ceiling structure consists of filigree plates and in the middle of reinforced concrete . Roofing of the building is designed as a flat membrane roof.

The master's thesis deals with the project documentation of the kindergarten in Třinec Lyžice. The structure is designed as a detached building with two floors. The ground plan is in the shape of the letter „T”. The kindergarten has two compartments, each of them is intended for 20 children, There is also multifunctional room, two rooms for leisure time activities, a kitchen and technical facilities in the building. The vertical support structures are designed from sand-lime bricks with wooden particeboards on fragment of facade. A part of the building is topped by a flat roof, and the ohter part with a pitched tieded roof

The subject of this thesis is processing of design documentation for construction of the fitness and relax centre. The designed building is situated in the town centre of Giraltovce, in built-up area near watercourse Radomka. It is designed as two-storey without basement and with warm flat roofs. The part of roofing with vegetation is used as a terrace. The building envelope is a ventilated facade of fair-faced bricks in combination with cement-bonded particleboards imitating the texture of wood. The structural system is designed as column system with point-supported slab from cast-in-place reinforced concrete.

The subject of this thesis is to compare the price of a variant of the technical solution to a specific building. On introduction describes the various parts of the construction budget and their origins. In the practical part the comparison of alternative building materials on the basis of their technical characteristics. Victorious materials are inserted into the original budget, so a change was made final price of the building.

La presente investigación considera la propuesta de negocios para un proyecto orientado a promocionar al ladrillo ecológico, teniendo como base de oportunidad a nuestra experiencia en el rubro, el déficit de infraestructura en el Perú y el apalancamiento que representa el concepto medioambiental. Todo ello se traduce en el análisis de las fortalezas de este producto respecto al ladrillo convencional, de cara al segmento objetivo que se ha definido para una primera gran etapa del proyecto. La estrategia, en términos generales, pasa por promocionar un producto que cuenta con certificados que avalan sus propiedades favorables a la construcción, e introducirlo en los requerimientos técnicos para el sector público; esto a través de un plan de comercial que considera implementar proyectos piloto con fines de cobertura y nivel de exposición al proyecto. Este sector tiene la posibilidad de ejecutar numerosos proyectos que involucran presupuestos de amplia escala, y que, por tanto, abrirá la posibilidad posterior de llevar la propuesta a un sector que también ofrece una importante ventana de oportunidad: la minería, como segunda etapa del proyecto. Para ello, se incluye una evaluación de la industria de la construcción en la actualidad y su entorno, en donde se observa la amplia oportunidad que tiene el ladrillo ecológico de forma cualitativa - además de plantear las estrategias para el plan comercial. Finalmente, la evaluación financiera confirma la viabilidad del proyecto a través de un VAN de S/1’407,069 y una TIR de 46.89%; siendo éstos indicadores favorables y con perspectiva de negocio sostenible. / This research considers the business proposal for a project aimed at promote the ecological brick, taking as an opportunity basis our experience in the field, the infrastructure deficit in Peru and the opportunity that the environmental concept represents. All this translates into the analysis of the strengths of this product with respect to conventional brick, facing the target segment that has been defined for a first major stage of the project. The strategy, in general terms, is to promote a product that has certificates that guarantee its favorable properties for construction, and introduce it into the technical requirements for the public sector; this through a commercial plan that considers implementing pilot projects with the purpose of coverage and level of exposure to the project. This sector has the possibility of executing numerous projects that involve large-scale budgets, and that, therefore, will open the subsequent possibility of taking the proposal to a sector that also offers an important window of opportunity: mining, as the second stage of the project. For this, an evaluation of the current construction industry and its surroundings is included. Where is observed the wide opportunity that the ecological brick, from a qualitative perspective, in addition to proposing the strategies for the commercial plan. Finally, the financial evaluation confirms the project´s viability through a VAN of S/1'407,069 and an TIR of 46.89%; these being favorable indicators and with a sustainable business perspective. / Trabajo de investigación

La industria de la construcción es un sector altamente contaminante debido tanto a los procesos que en él se realizan como a los residuos o desechos que se generan. Asimismo, este es considerado tradicionalista por la aplicación de procedimientos y metodologías que no cambian a través del tiempo y que generalmente son las que generan mayor cantidad de contaminantes. Esto, a su vez, no ha permitido los costos de elaboración sean más óptimos o que las estructuras sean más resistentes a los esfuerzos a los que son sometidas. Por ello, en este trabajo de investigación se ha propuesto la utilización de plástico PET para la elaboración de 1 unidad de albañilería apilable. Primeramente, se ejecutaron las dosificaciones 1:1 y 1:2 (Cemento y Arena) con diferentes porcentajes de plástico PET en unidades con características físicas similares a los ladrillos comúnmente utilizados en Arequipa. Estas fueron analizadas experimentalmente en un laboratorio en la ciudad de Arequipa mediante los ensayos de resistencia a la compresión, variación dimensional, alabeo y absorción. Posteriormente, con la dosificación más óptima y la unidad de albañilería modular seleccionada se hicieron las mismas pruebas para su análisis y se realizó un murete de aproximadamente 1m de lado. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis sobre el impacto ambiental que genera reutilizar el plástico desechable PET en la elaboración de bloques de concreto y se desarrollaron comparaciones en propiedades mecánicas y físicas, peso y costo, mostrando que la unidad de albañilería modular propuesta es, en muchos casos, más óptima. / The construction industry is a highly polluting sector due to both the processes that are carried out in it and the waste or waste that is generated. Likewise, this is considered traditionalist because of the application of quite a few procedures and methodologies that do not change over time and that generally generate the most pollutants. This, in turn, has not allowed manufacturing costs to decrease or manufacturing times to be more optimal or for structures to be more resistant to the stresses they are subjected to. For that reason, in this research work the use of PET plastic has been proposed for the preparation of 1 stackable masonry unit. Firstly, 1:1 and 1:2 dosages (Cement and Sand) were executed with different percentages of PET plastic in bricks with physical characteristics similar to the units commonly used in Arequipa. These were analyzed experimentally in a laboratory in Arequipa through the tests of resistance to compression, dimensional variation, warping and water absorption. Subsequently, with the most optimal dosage and the selected modular masonry unit, the same tests were made for analysis and, also, a wall of approximately 1x1m square. Finally, the analysis of the environmental impact generated by reusing the PET disposable plastic in concrete blocks and the properties granted by it was performed and comparisons were developed in mechanical and physical properties, weight and cost, showing that the proposed modular masonry unit is, in many cases, more optimal. / Tesis

Since the arrival of DNA nanotechnology nearly 40 years ago, the field has progressed from its beginnings of envisioning rather simple DNA structures having a branched, multi-strand architecture into creating beautifully complex structures comprising hundreds or even thousands of unique strands, with the possibility to exactly control the positions down to the molecular level. While the earliest construction methodologies, such as simple Holliday junctions or tiles, could reasonably be designed on pen and paper in a short amount of time, the advent of complex techniques, such as DNA origami or DNA bricks, require software to reduce the time required and propensity for human error within the design process. Where available, readily accessible design software catalyzes our ability to bring techniques to researchers in diverse fields and it has helped to speed the penetration of methods, such as DNA origami, into a wide range of applications from biomedicine to photonics. Here, we review the historical and current state of CAD software to enable a variety of methods that are fundamental to using structural DNA technology. Beginning with the first tools for predicting sequence-based secondary structure of nucleotides, we trace the development and significance of different software packages to the current state-of-the-art, with a particular focus on programs that are open source.

This thesis project revolves around the last days of an abandoned building in decay, facing demolition. It is situated in Värtahamnen, a harbor area in Stockholm. The area is the subject of a major urban planning project in the upcoming decade. In my project my aim is to contemplate this condition of of a building and how to approach and use the ephemerality of architecture and design in the creative process. By extracting different material behaviors caused by decay and exploring them experimentally, a diverse “buffet” of design concepts and methods are presented. The project also orbits around the subject of preservation, a topic commonly debated during interventions in the built heritage. Instead of taking a stand for or against the demolition of the building, the field of experimental preservation is used as a theoretical and methodological background in the design process, as a way to expand the scope on how to navigate and work artistically with preservation. In conclusion, this project tries to revise our perspective on the concept of decay as something destructive and instead suggest the creative potential in understanding it. It also contributes with reflections and speculations on how we can find new creative strategies for taking the whole lifespan of a design project into account already from the beginning.

Cette étude vise à contribuer au développement d’un produit de construction à faible impact environnemental utilisant la terre crue. Pour cela, le comportement hygro-mécanique de la terre crue compressée à haute pression par une technique novatrice mise au point dans ce projet a été caractérisé. De plus, plusieurs méthodes de stabilisation ont été évaluées afin d’améliorer la durabilité de ce matériau, notamment vis-à-vis de l’érosion induite par l’eau. Une vaste campagne d’essais expérimentaux a été menée sur ces matériaux stabilisés ou non, à deux échelles différentes : les caractérisations des échantillons cylindriques (petite échelle) ont tout d’abord permis de sélectionner la formulation optimale. Par la suite, les tests menés à grande échelle sur les briques de terre compressée ont contribué à développer un produit pour la construction. Une nouvelle technique de fabrication basée sur l’application d’une contrainte de compactage très élevée (hyper-compactage) a été mise au point. Son objectif principal est d’augmenter la densité du matériau afin d’améliorer ses performances mécaniques. Les échantillons compactés par la méthode proposée présentent une densité sèche d’environ 2320 kg/m3, ce qui représente la valeur la plus élevée jamais enregistrée dans la littérature pour une terre non stabilisée. Les effets de la contrainte de compactage sur la microstructure du matériau ont été analysés par intrusion au mercure et adsorption d’azote liquide. Les résultats montrent que l’augmentation de la contrainte de compactage réduit la porosité du matériau, majoritairement les grands pores inter-agrégats. Cependant, le compactage mécanique influence peu les petits pores intra-agrégats. L'approfondissement de la caractérisation des propriétés microstructurales des échantillons stabilisés constitue un développement intéressant de ce travail. La résistance et la rigidité des échantillons non stabilisés et stabilisés ont été mesurées. Ces essais mécaniques confirment que la méthode d'hyper-compactage permet d’améliorer grandement la réponse mécanique du matériau par rapport aux techniques de fabrication existantes. Ainsi, les briques réalisées présentent une résistance en compression comparable à celle-là des matériaux traditionnels de construction (e.g. terre stabilisée et briques en terre cuite). Pour compléter cette étude, des essais mécaniques à l’échelle paroi sont à mener. Le comportement hygroscopique des échantillons stabilisés et non stabilisés a été analysé par la mesure du paramètre MBV (i.e. Moisture Buffering Value), qui traduit la capacité d’échange avec la vapeur d’eau. Il s'avère que la terre non stabilisée possède une excellente capacité à absorber et relarguer l’humidité ambiante. Cette capacité est, par contre, réduite pour les échantillons stabilisés testés dans le cadre de cette étude. La caractérisation du comportement thermique de la terre compressée à haute pression ainsi que l’analyse expérimentale des transferts thermo-hygroscopiques à l’échelle paroi représentent deux compléments d'étude afin de préciser le comportement hygroscopique d'un mur à base de terre crue. Enfin, la durabilité par rapport à l’érosion induite par l’eau des briques stabilisées et non stabilisées a été estimée à travers les essais d’immersion, de succion et de contact qui sont prévus par la norme DIN 18945 (2013). Les briques stabilisées montrent une meilleure résistance à l’eau par rapport aux briques non stabilisées. Toutefois, des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour améliorer les méthodes de stabilisation garantissant la durabilité dans le cas d'applications structurelles exposées aux intempéries, tout en maintenant de bonnes performances hygro-mécaniques et un faible impact environnemental. / The present work explores the hygro-mechanical behaviour of a raw earth material and investigates different stabilisation techniques to improve the durability of the material against water erosion. An extensive campaign of laboratory tests was performed on both unstabilised and stabilised materials at two different scales: small cylindrical samples and large bricks. An innovative manufacturing method based on the application of very high compaction pressures (hypercompaction) was proposed. Also, the compaction load was maintained constant for a sufficient period of time to allow soil consolidation. The main objective was to increase material density, thus improving mechanical performance. Samples compacted with the proposed method exhibited a dry density of about 2320 kg/m3, which is the highest value registered in the literature for an unstabilised earthen material. The effect of the compaction pressure on the material fabric was assessed by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption tests. Results showed that the increase of compaction pressure reduced material porosity with major effects on large inter-aggregate pores. On the contrary, small intra-aggregate pores were not affected by the mechanical compaction. Mechanical tests were then performed to measure stiffness and strength of both unstabilised and stabilised samples. These tests demonstrated that hypercompaction can largely improve the mechanical response of the material over conventional manufacturing methods. Hypercompacted bricks showed a compressive strength comparable with that of traditional building materials, such as stabilised compressed earth and fired bricks. The hygroscopic behaviour of both unstabilised and stabilised samples was investigated. The capacity of the samples to absorb/release water vapour was assessed by measuring their moisture buffering value (MBV). Results showed that unstabilised earth has an excellent capacity to buffer ambient humidity. This capacity was significantly reduced by the different stabilisation techniques tested in the present work. Finally, the durability against water erosion of both unstabilised and stabilised bricks was assessed by performing different tests prescribed by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Stabilised bricks exhibited a higher resistance against water erosion compared to unstabilised bricks. Still, these materials cannot be adopted for structural applications exposed to natural weathering as indicated by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Therefore, further investigation is required to identify novel stabilisation methods that can balance the needs of sustainability, durability, moisture buffering and mechanical performance.