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Cooking from the bottom-up: an exploration into the use of Vancouver's community kitchens as an empowerment toolChung, Carrie Lee 05 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the effectiveness of community kitchens as an
empowerment tool. This thesis observes the ways in which community kitchens empower their
participants, how they are being used to foster community development, and the opportunities
and constraints in using community kitchens as an empowerment tool. The research questions
are addressed in a variety of ways. First, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken to
define the meaning of empowerment and community development as used by this thesis.
Secondly, a multiple case study approach involving participant observation, key informant
interviews and a survey was conducted to examine these questions. A total of seven community
kitchens were involved in the case studies.
The research suggests that community kitchens do empower participants but at an individual
level. Participants learn skills such as cooperation, cooking and socialisation, and are
empowered through self-help and by gaining confidence and self-esteem. At a community level,
efforts have been made to empower the community and contribute to community building
processes but with limited output. In some community kitchens, community development
initiatives (such as volunteering to cook for a larger community) are in place but community
kitchens as a whole has a minimal effect in creating community. Community kitchens, however,
are effective at empowering individuals which is considered the first step to community
empowerment.
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Modelling the effects of forest disturbances on snow accumulation and ablation in the OkanaganDavis, Reed January 2012 (has links)
Forest disturbances significantly affect snowmelt dominated watersheds.
Given that snowmelt from mountain regions provides up to 80% of the
annual stream
ow in the North American west, disturbances in these watersheds
will impact water availability for downstream users. This study
used eld data from stand-scale studies to represent forest disturbances in
a hydrological model in order to quantify the potential snow hydrology response
to varying spatial extent of disturbance. The sensitivity of snow accumulation
and ablation response increased with disturbance severity and
extent of disturbance. Results may provide water resource management
with a greater understanding of the potential impact on post-disturbance
snowmelt runo ff. / xii, 135 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Conflicts within unity : images and ideas of Britain in the plays of David Edgar, David Hare and Trevor GriffithsKim, Yoo January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Isma'il Sidqi (1875-1950) : pragmatism and vision in twentieth century EqyptBadrawi, Malak Tewfik January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
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The resident in the Gulf : British power in transistion 1858-1872Al-Omery, Omer Saleh January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
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The service class : a study of its formation as a social classBriggs, Andrew January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
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The management of the British state in the transition from the Keynesian welfare state to ThatcherismLing, T. S. January 1991 (has links)
No description available.
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The modernisation of party organisation : the impact of the Social Democratic PartySeelbach, Stefan January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
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Delight in Possibility: Female Community and Elizabeth GaskellCauley, Alexandra M 01 January 2014 (has links)
This thesis defines and traces female community across Elizabeth Gaskell's novels Cranford, North and South, and Wives and Daughters. Gaskell utilizes the fictionality of these communities to explore different ways of being for women. Here women control not only the plot, but their own lives.
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Subtidal invertebrate fouling communities of the British Columbian coastGartner, Heidi 02 June 2011 (has links)
The British Columbian (BC) coast spans a 1000 km range of complex coastal geographic and oceanographic conditions that include thousands of islands, glacial carved fjords, exposed rocky coastline, and warm inlands seas. Very little is known about invertebrate fouling communities along the BC coast as studies are usually localised, focused in ports, or are conducted in the intertidal environment. This study provides the first high resolution study of invertebrate fouling communities of the BC coast by describing the identity, richness, diversity, and community composition of invertebrate fouling communities. Studying fouling communities on artificial surfaces was useful because the limiting resource (space) was defined, the researcher could control the timeframe, the samples were easily transported long distances, and the system can be easily replicated. Settlement structures were deployed in the spring of 2007 from the floating structures of marinas, docks, and aquaculture facilities. The deployment sites spanned a range of coastal environments from the Alaskan border to the southern tip of Vancouver Island, and included the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island. The settlement arrays were collected roughly five months following deployment. Samples were transported back to the laboratory where all organisms present on the settlement arrays were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and their relative abundance recorded.
The invertebrate fouling community was very species rich with 171 species identified and an additional 34 categories of unresolved taxa. This high richness may be attributed to the fact that the settlement arrays sampled the community as a whole, including motile and rare species. The richness per sample ranged from 1 to 29 species with the average being 12 species, of which more than one (1.25) was introduced to the BC coast. This invertebrate fouling community was dominated by relatively few species. Only 20% of
the sessile species had an average cover over 1% and only 13% of the motile species had an average count over 0.5 individuals per sample. Of the sessile species, the Mytilus sp. complex was the most common with an average coverage of 35%. The Mytilus sp. complex was also found in 78% (126/162) of all samples.
There were eleven introduced and twelve cryptogenic species identified in this study. Introduced species represented 30% of the dominant (=most abundant) sessile species and 20% of the dominant motile species study. The introduced and cryptogenic species were more abundant than native species when comparing abundance based on their distributions in the samples. The prominence and abundance of the introduced species in these communities may be an artefact of studying anthropogenic sites. However, it underscores the fact that the establishment and spread of non-native species are continuing along our coast, and that the strong competitive ability of a number of these species may have negative ecological and economic impacts.
There were strong similarities in community composition across all geographic areas of the BC (Strait of Georgia-SOG, Juan de Fuca Strait- JFS, west coast of Vancouver Island-WCVI, Johnstone Strait-JS, and the north coast of the mainland-NC). The most common species assemblage was the Mytilus sp. complex and its associated species. The species assemblages observed across numerous geographic areas included species that were strong space competitors, had ranges that included the length of our study area, had key reproductive periods during the sampling period, and were able to recruit to artificial substrates. Anthropogenic structures may also be partially responsible for the strong similarities in community composition along the coast as we may be sampling species that are best adapted to these environments. Additionally, anthropogenic structures and activities may serve as vectors of species dispersal. Pairwise comparisons showed that the WCVI differed from the JFS and QCI in community composition in that the WCVI was strongly influenced by the Mytilus sp. community but the JFS and QCI were influenced by introduced and cryptogenic species.
This study is the first to examine fouling communities that span the length of the BC coast. The data collected can be used as a baseline of comparison for future studies on subjects such as climate change, human mediated species introductions, and anthropogenic disasters. / Graduate
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