Este documento tiene como primer objetivo mostrar los diferentes métodos de valoración de empresas estudiados en las últimas décadas. No obstante, el trabajo profundiza en la valoración de pequeñas empresas como tema central, debido a que hasta la actualidad no se las ha investigado con el mismo interés que a empresas corporativas, lo que pone en evidencia una falta de consenso. Así, el segundo objetivo es ofrecer al lector una fuente de información, a manera de compendio inicial, que motive a investigar el tema, realizar estudios específicos, servir de materia de tesis académicas, entre otras contribuciones. El primer capítulo de este trabajo aborda el tema partiendo de la definición del concepto de valor, y sustenta la diferencia entre valor y precio. Asimismo, en él se realiza una reseña de la evolución del estudio de valoración de empresas, se explica qué es una pequeña empresa en el marco nacional e internacional, y, finalmente, se aborda la valoración de pequeñas empresas en específico. Por su parte, el segundo capítulo describe los métodos de valoración de empresas más utilizados y aceptados, y presenta sus ecuaciones y guía detallada de uso. El tercer capítulo expone errores encontrados en valoración de empresas; el cuarto capítulo describe seis metodologías de valoración de pequeñas empresas, y presenta sus respectivas ecuaciones y los pasos a seguir para su uso. Finalmente, el quinto capítulo se enfoca en un tema de similar importancia, la estimación del costo de capital en pequeñas empresas, el cual genera, inclusive, mayor controversia. / The first objective of this document is to show the different Company valuation methods studied in the last decades. However, the work looks into the valuation of small business, as a central topic, because until now they have not been investigated with the same interest than the Corporative Companies, which evidences a lack of consensus. Thus, the second objective is to offer a source of information to the reader, as an initial summary, that motivates to investigate the topic, do specific studies, serve as a topic for Academic Thesis, among other contributions. The first chapter of this paper approaches the topic starting from the definition of the concept of the value and supports the difference between value and price. Moreover, there is an outline of the evolution of the study of valuation of Companies, it is explained what is a small business in the national and international framework and, finally, the valuation of specific small business is approached. On its part, the second chapter describes the most used and accepted companies’ valuation methods and presents its equations and detailed user guide. The third chapter shows mistakes found in companies’ valuation; the fourth chapter describes six methodologies of the valuation of small business and shows its respective equations and the steps to follow for its use. Finally, the last chapter focuses on a topic of similar importance, the estimation of the capital cost in small companies that generates, even, more controversy. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Each day we are being swamped with commercial messages from companies, this makes us select which messages we take in. We can screen off marketing from companies, but how do we react when friends are trying to sell us products? The purpose of this study is to examine, if and if so, friendship relations and business activities influence each other within a network marketing company and also to illuminate these effects. The study shows that network companies do not only offer economic opportunities and consumption of products, but also social fellowship. / Att vi människor överöses av kommersiella budskap från företag innebär att vi tvingas selektera vilka budskap vi uppfattar. Företags marknadsföring kan vi avskärma oss ifrån, men hur reagerar vi då vänner vill sälja produkter till oss? Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och i sådana fall hur vänskapsrelationer och affärsverksamheter påverkar varandra inom ett nätverksföretag, samt belysa dessa effekter. För att besvara syftet har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med återförsäljare inom ett av de största nätverksföretagen i Sverige. Studien visar att när återförsäljare integrerar vänskap och affärsverksamhet uppnås både positiva och negativa effekter. Avslutningsvis presenteras att nätverksföretagande inte endast erbjuder ekonomiska möjligheter och konsumtion av produkter utan även social gemenskap.

Disertaciniame darbe nagrinėjama kolegijų studentų verslumo ugdymo(si) proceso veiksmingumas taikant imitacinės verslo įmonės modelį. Nustatyti kolegijų studentų verslumo gebėjimai ir savybės ugdomi imitacinėje verslo įmonėje, požymiai, demonstruojantys kolegijų studentų verslumo ugdymo(si) proceso veiksmingumą taikant imitacinės verslo įmonės modelį bei numatytos verslumo ugdymo(si) tobulinimo galimybės ir perspektyvos. Remiantis verslumo ugdymo(si) koncepcijomis ir teorijomis, filosofinėmis kryptimis, kilusiomis iš skirtingų filosofinių tradicijų ir fenomenologinėmis nuostatomis sukurta verslumo ugdymo(si) proceso tyrimo metodologija, leidžianti įvertinti verslumo ugdymo(si) veiksmingumą imitacinėje verslo įmonėje ir nustatyti iškylančias problemas. Atlikta edukacinė, vadybinė ir filosofinė literatūros analizė leido pagrįsti verslumo ugdymo(si) veiksmingumą šiuolaikinių edukacinių paradigmų kaitos kontekste apibūdinant: verslumo sampratą, verslumo ugdymo(si) programų, tikslų ir mokymo(si) metodų įvairovę, imitacinių modelių ir technologijų taikymo galimybes ir sąlygas. Empirinis tyrimas atliktas pasitelkus kiekybinius ir kokybinius tyrimo metodus. Taikyta anketinė apklausa, pusiau struktūrizuotas interviu, turinio (content) analizės ir statistinės (faktorinės) duomenų analizės metodai. / The dissertation analyses the efficiency of College students’ entrepreneurship education process by applying the model of Imitation Business Enterprise. Entrepreneurship skills and characteristics of College students educated in the Imitation Business Enterprise are identified, features demonstrating the efficiency of College students’ entrepreneurship education process by applying the model of Imitation Business Enterprise and business education development opportunities and perspectives are shown. On the basis of entrepreneurship education concepts and theories, philosophical trends arising from different philosophical traditions and the phenomenological rules, an entrepreneurship education process research methodology is created. It allows evaluating efficiency of entrepreneurship education in the Imitation Business Enterprise as well as allows determining the problems appearing. The performed educational, managerial and philosophical literature analysis helped to base the efficiency of entrepreneurship education in the context of contemporary educational paradigms by describing: the concept of entrepreneurship, variety of entrepreneurship education programs, objectives and education methods, opportunities and conditions for applying imitation models and technologies. Empirical research was performed by using the quantitative and qualitative research methods.

<p>Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer.</p>

<p>Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer.</p>

Usufructuary lease of a business ABSTRACT The object of the thesis is to analyse the current legal regulation of the usufructuary lease of a business and, in appropriate places, to compare this regulation with the previous legislation and to submit proposals for suitable contractual arrangements under the usufructuary lease of a business contract and the related documentation. At first, for the purpose of analysing the legal regulation of the usufructuary lease of a business, the thesis defines the institutes of a business enterprise and of a usufructuary. The first chapter focuses on the historical development of the concept of the institute of the business enterprise in Czech legal regulations, starting with the pre-war legal regulation and finishing with the current legislation. There is a passage devoted mainly to the definition of a business enterprise, a plurality of business enterprises and the nature of the business enterprise as a collective thing. This is followed by the effort to define the usufructuary lease of a part of a business enterprise constituting a separate organisational component, as the provisions on the usufructuary lease of a business are applied by analogy to the usufructuary lease of such part of the business. A part of the second chapter devoted to the institute of a...

Business Trust This diploma thesis deals with the designation of the trust as a possible operator of a business enterprise, and so its use as an equivalent of a business corporation. The main goal is to compare these two entities in their differences and to find out whether the operation of the enterprise through the trust can be attractive for its settlor and what will be the advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement. The thesis is divided into seven chapters, including the introduction and the conclusion. After the introduction to the diploma thesis, the second chapter deals with a brief outline of what the trust is and the complexity of its legal regulation. It continues with a brief overview about the existence and functioning of the trust under the Czech Civil Code. The third chapter defines the trust as a business entity. It deals with the trust as an entrepreneur in business relations, and outlines settlor's possibility of anchoring business operations to the trust and conveying the necessary assets. The fourth chapter compares some interesting aspects of business corporations with their possible equivalents in the trust, thus outlining conformities and differences in their functioning. In particular, the differences between the contributions to the registered capital and the...

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. / The 2010 FIFA World Cup toumament could provide valuable opportunities for the tourism entrepreneur in Cape Town. This study focuses on the factors that affect the entrepreneurwho chooses to make tourism a career in Cape Town. The aim of the study is to examine the tourism entrepreneurs' ability to be sustainable and is focused on the single tourism owner operating a service business in the Cape Town CBO such as small tour operators, tour guides and accommodation agents. Using the quantitative research method, a questionnaire as well as individual interviews, the data collection techniques have helped to provide valuable information as to the influencing factors on entrepreneurship, operational challenges and the extemal environment affecting tourism business in Cape Town. The results which could be useful to an aspirant entrepreneur indicate that the survey participants were generally positive about the FIFA event and that success for them is the ability to understand the market and plan strategically in order to operate a business effectively that will meet specific market requirements.

This final thesis deals with various ways of financing a business which are discussed from both economic and legal perspective. The purpose of the thesis is to provide an overview of main possibilities how to finance a business together with stating the related legislation. Different sources of financing are assessed according to their costs, accessibility, flexibility and other criteria. The financing solutions stated in the thesis are discussed mainly from point of view of joint-stock company. In some cases, the author points out also the legislation related to limited liability company. The thesis is divided into four chapters that are further subdivided. The aim of Chapter One is to provide a basis for the following chapters. It includes definitions of the main terms, short overview of the most important legislation which is relevant to the topic, different approaches to classification of financial sources and also the key factors which influence the choice between various solutions when financing a business. Chapter Two examines sources of financing which are related to shareholders' equity. Major part of this chapter deals with creation of and increase in registered capital. The question whether to pay out the profit to the shareholders or to use it for future development of the business is...

Magister Commercii - MCom / Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer. / South Africa