Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-23T12:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao Sheyla3.pdf: 1044207 bytes, checksum: 19742878041163a309f710adf468e73e (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla2.pdf: 385670 bytes, checksum: 31aa2e908067943dd2b8e59a22a3a59b (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla1.pdf: 762487 bytes, checksum: d42e95c14d64acfa6119cc0c7a3db283 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-26T11:04:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao Sheyla3.pdf: 1044207 bytes, checksum: 19742878041163a309f710adf468e73e (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla2.pdf: 385670 bytes, checksum: 31aa2e908067943dd2b8e59a22a3a59b (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla1.pdf: 762487 bytes, checksum: d42e95c14d64acfa6119cc0c7a3db283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-26T11:04:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao Sheyla3.pdf: 1044207 bytes, checksum: 19742878041163a309f710adf468e73e (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla2.pdf: 385670 bytes, checksum: 31aa2e908067943dd2b8e59a22a3a59b (MD5) Dissertacao Sheyla1.pdf: 762487 bytes, checksum: d42e95c14d64acfa6119cc0c7a3db283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / A historiografia econômica brasileira, por muito tempo delegava aos senhores de terra e de escravos a posse de riqueza e aos portugueses o monopólio nas atividades comerciais. Esta pesquisa vem demonstrar que não apenas na agroexportação residia a riqueza, assim como não estava concentrada somente nas mãos de senhores de engenhos e negociantes estrangeiros, estando distribuída entre outras categorias sociais, como a dos negociantes residentes no Brasil e profissionais liberais. Ao estudarmos a vida material dos negociantes estabelecidos em Estância no período de 1820- 1888, percebemos o caráter mercantil e dinâmico desta cidade, evidenciado pela composição das fortunas, em maior parcela formada por dívidas ativas, contraídas pelo intercâmbio comercial, via abastecimento, empréstimos e pelas transações comerciais com negociantes de outras localidades sergipanas, bem como outras Províncias, a exemplo da Bahia. Ainda de acordo com a posse de bens, verificamos que alguns negociantes tinham uma extensa rede de crédito, originados pelas compras efetuadas a prazo em suas lojas ou por empréstimos concedidos. Ao considerarmos o ato de emprestar, mesmo que pequenas quantias, uma oportunidade de expandir sua influência, na medida em que para esta sociedade o capital usurário promovia prestígio e poder. Constatamos ainda, que um pequeno grupo que controlava alguns setores chaves da economia local, como o crédito e o abastecimento. / Salvador

This thesis is an attempt to examine interpretations of the May-June Hundred Flowers Movement in China in 1957 through the examination of a principal participant among businessmen: Chang Nai-ch'i. The Hundred Flowers Movement is comprised of a series of violent outbursts and extreme statements. The May-June Hundred Flowers Movement was the last act in what might be termed China's Hundred Flowers Period, a period of intellectual liberation concurrent with the "Liberalization" in the Soviet Union. China, like many other socialist states, is a closed society from which information is often difficult to gather. The criticism, as printed in Chinese newspapers and journals, provides detailed information on factional struggles and organizational difficulties found within the Chinese government. The criticism, though often bountiful in number, is short, emotional and takes the form of a vignette. The existence of a source of official criticisms against Chang Nai-ch'i allows for the examination of the actions of a leading Hundred Flowers participant both prior to, and during the Movement. The method used to examine, compile and evaluate criticisms of Chang Nai-ch'i is the frequency chart in which quantitative examination is made of various critics' statements, and the duration of these statements. Through the use of this technique, over forty criticisms of Chang Nai-ch'i found in two Chinese language businessmen's journals are ordered, placed into chronological sequence and evaluated. These criticisms are then examined against existing information, and in particular, Chinese journal and newspaper accounts to examine their significance and validity. The thesis is divided into three chapters examining three chronological groups of criticisms. The first chapter examines criticisms referring to Chang's past (1927-1951), the second examines criticisms of events immediately prior to the Hundred Flowers Movement (1952-1956) and the third examines criticisms pertaining directly to the Hundred Flowers Movement. Existing interpretations of the Hundred Flowers Movement stress the spontaneity of the Movement, the importance of factional differences within the Chinese leadership, and the importance of the emergence of "disturbances" beyond the expectations of the Chinese leadership. An examination of the criticisms of Chang Nai-Ch'i suggests that the Hundred Flowers Movement was not in any sense spontaneous, and that the "disturbances" which led to an about-face by the Chinese leadership, may have been a product of weaknesses within the Chinese political process, weaknesses that were both factional and historical in nature. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This study concerns the Gujaratis of Fiji who comprise an important trading community within the large Indian population but who have not received extensive attention from scholars. It covers a time-span of forty-five years, from the beginning of this century to the end of World War II. During this period, which characterizes the crucial formative phase of their settlement in Fiji, Gujaratis belonging to various castes and from diverse backgrounds came to Fiji where they gradually became a noticeable and important trader element within the predominantly agricultural Indian population. In the process, they also acquired a negative image which is comparable to that of the dukawalla (shopkeeper) in Africa. Although other Indians were already residing in Fiji since 1879, as indentured laborers or as descendants of these laborers, Gujarat! contacts with Fiji began after 1900. Lack of sea routes between Western India and Fiji, and the prohibition of recruitment of laborers for Fiji in Bombay Presidency, provided little incentive for travel between the two areas. Moreover, Gujaratis who wished to travel to Fiji could only do so through the two sanctioned emigration ports, Calcutta and Madras. Rather than venture into an unknown area, most Gujarati immigrants went to East Africa where mercantile communities originating from Western India were long established. Fiji simply did not offer lucrative prospects until isolated groups from Gujarat proved the contrary. What caused Gujarati migration to Fiji? First of all, groups which found little fame and fortune in Africa began to turn to opportunities in other countries. Secondly, deteriorating conditions in Gujarat in the early twentieth century caused population movements to other parts of India and abroad. Failure of the monsoons, famines, reduction of landholdings among families, and the subsequent drop in agricultural productivity merely hastened the process. Thirdly, as opportunities in urban centers, especially Bombay, became limited, more and more Gujaratis left India in search of opportunity to supplement meager resources at home. Fourthly, British colonial territories which contained powerful white communities soon began to restrict the entry of Indians which initiated the push toward new frontiers such as Fiji. By contrast, Fiji welcomed 'free' immigrants because of the skills which they introduced; it maintained an open door policy toward this category of migrants until 1930. Gujarati penetration into Fiji was part of the movement of 'free' immigrants into the colony. The other two types of 'free' immigrants were Punjabis and 'returnees' (ex-indentured Indians who returned to Fiji after having been repatriated to India). Gujaratis came mainly to ply skills which they acquired in their homeland. Until 1920 isolated caste groupings carved out a particular area of operations in which they effectively utilized traditional caste skills. Most immigrants came for a stay of two years after which they had hoped to return to their homeland. However, this period was too short for the accumulation of large savings. The more important phase of Gujarati migration to Fiji took place after 1920. The breakdown of Fiji's isolation from the rest of the world in the 1920s and the extension of sea routes between Fiji and India facilitated movement between Gujarat and Fiji. The survival of the sugar industry and developing needs in the agricultural sugar belt of Fiji where the majority of Indians were residing opened new avenues for Gujaratis who had the aptitude to move with ease into entrepreneurial roles. Their tenacity in trade and commerce became more noticeable during the depression years when the arrival of more Gujarati immigrants made it difficult for local Indians to enter that sphere of activity. Consequently, in the 1930s, attitudes toward the unrestricted entry of Gujaratis changed in favor of stringent immigration controls. In the final analysis, the Gujarati immigrants introduced a different lifestyle and successfully maintained it. They also had the necessary expertise, the organizational know-how, and a considerable degree of group solidarity to assume roles which other Indians were incapable of doing. Though they did not adhere rigidly to the hierarchical social structure of their homeland, these immigrants were still linked to their respective jati nuclei in Gujarat through caste ideology and caste behavior. However, occupational specialization, based on the notion of pollution and purity, had little relevance in Fiji. A wide range of opportunities was available to all immigrants. Gujaratis settled mainly in urban areas because of their commercial orientation, and where their activities had the maximum potential for success. Their social life was built around the shop rather than around caste and religion, but the introduction of families in the 1930s obliged them to pay closer attention to the needs of the household, especially in the matter of religion. In effect, Gujaratis continued to exist as a marginal group within the Indian community; until 1945 they remained beyond the mainstream of Indian cultural, social, and political life in Fiji. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 F65 / Master of Science

Orientador: José Antonio Segatto / Banca: Maria Tereza Miceli Kerbauy / Banca: Milton Lahuerta / Banca: Agnaldo de Sousa Barbosa / Banca: Fransérgio Follis / Resumo: A presente tese tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos homens de negócio na constituição do poder local com base em uma perspectiva territorial e temporal comum: o Oeste Paulista, no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX. A proposta foi trabalhar essa questão não de maneira dissociada, mas promover uma análise crítica entre as partes que constituem seu campo de formação, como por exemplo, a figura do proprietário rural, presente tanto na discussão sobre a caracterização dos homens de negócio, como do poder local. As cidades do Oeste Paulista selecionadas para este trabalho são: Araraquara, São Carlos, Rio Claro e Ribeirão Preto. Procuramos ainda estabelecer as particularidades do poder local no Oeste Paulista em relação a outros Estados ou regiões. a investigação está embasada na sociologia histórica. / Abstract: The thesis aims to analyze the role of local power in the constitution of businessmen based on a common territorial and temporal perspective: West of the state of São Paulo, in the period between the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. The proposal is to work this issue not in a dissociated way, but to promote a critical analysis between the parties that constitute its field of formation, such as the figure of the rural landowner, present both in the discussion about the characterization of businessmen, local power. The cities of the West of the state of São Paulo selected for this work are: Araraquara, São Carlos, Rio Claro and Ribeirão Preto. We will also try to establish the particularities of local power in this region in relation to other states or places. the research will be based on historical sociology / Doutor

No description available.

After dissolving of USSR in 1991 and establishing of capitalistic economic model trade volume between Taiwan and post-Soviet countries has been continuously growing throughout recent 20 years. Economy between Taiwan and Russia and others former Soviet countries stimulates close cooperation, including establishing of joint ventures, procurement, negotiations, which means mutual visiting. Businessmen come to Taiwan into two different ways: groups and individual businessmen (according to my experience, 2 people). First type: some tour agencies, which provide tours for tourists groups and organizing trips for different kinds of delegations. Second type: individual businessmen who comes to Taiwan for 3-5 days. Their plan includes: visiting exhibitions/companies/ factories and after that (or during that time) explore Taiwan: get basic consultations about implementing business, visiting night market, shopping etc. Such individual businessmen hire Russian-speaking translator, who lives in Taiwan and accompany them during visit. They have limited budget (because it is only 2 people), prefer not connect with agencies (language barriers, budget and trust), but find translators through recommendation from TAITRA (Taiwan External Trade Development Council - Russian branch), other businessmen, web-sites (Facebook, Twitter). Unfortunately, often they can find only students, who provide low-level service. Collaborations are spontaneous, not well-organized and not systematic. My target audience is the second type. A niche market opportunity exists in organizing systematic tours for individual businessmen. The uniqueness of the project is organizing tours focusing on business prospective, clients’ oriented service.

Project Report (M.Pub.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006. / Theses (Master of Publishing Program) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Historians frequently make statements which, superficially or fundamentally, seem to be gross generalizations without obvious foundations. The suggestion that one of America’s heroes of the twenties, the businessman, became a devil of the thirties struck this author as one of those generalizations. Since it was impossible to measure "public opinion" on the subject, the study examined the image of businessmen as presented in the periodical press.Businessmen are an integral part of American society; however, historical writing has tended to favor political and military exploits. The businessman's ability to influence societal decisions and his role as a major functioning and determining element within society require in-depth study.The general hypothesis for the study was based on a perception held by the author. It was assumed that historians had projected an image of businessmen held by the American people which was at a high level prior to the 1929 Stock Market Crash, plunged drastically following the Crash and remained at a low level through 1.934; in 1935, that image rose through the 1937 recession, when it fell again, and then, as recovery began and foreign war materials orders were filled, the image rose but never reached the level of the pre-Crash period. This assumption of the historical attitude was based on the writing of several historians.The project classified businessmen in several categories: retail, construction, and services; wholesale; chain store and mail order; local, small manufacturing; national, corporate manufacturing; local financial and real estate; national financial, insurance, stock brokerage and Wall Street; extractive industry; and, transportation, communication, power, publishing, and entertainment. The popular press was defined as those periodicals with a circulation greater than 0.1 percent of the population of the United States (±125,000) for at least 6 of the 14 years covered by the study. A random sample of one-sixth of the articles published, regardless of subject matter, was content analyzed for attitudes assigned by the study to the vocabulary pertaining to businessmen. Of 293 businessmen who appeared in magazine articles by name, 21 were selected for specific mention and comparison in the study. The great quantity of data was subjected to computer programs to determine precise and systematic measurement.The results indicated that the popular press did not reflect the variations in image suggested by historians. Indeed, the numerical image of businessmen in the period represented a very even, medium, or neutral, position. Mean attitudes toward businessmen for the five periods of the study were clustered around the mean attitude for the entire study (3.31973 on a scale of 1 to 5), and in only two periods did the numerical image differ significantly from the mean for the entire study. The wide variations suggested by historians did not develop when businessmen were in the twenties as a hero and that he fell from that position examined by business classification, by type of article, or by the magazines' subject/interest areas. Finally, the suggested variations did not emerge from examination of individual periodicals or examination of individual businessmen.The study, then, throws into doubt conclusions reached by many historians that the businessman was regarded by many citizens into disrepute during the thirties. Further study of other periodicals and other sources will be required.